Reta Dewau, Stephanie Byrne, Elina Hyppönen, Sang Hong Lee, Beben Benyamin
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We estimated genetic and environmental contributions to child height using a mixture distribution model for twins to account for unknown zygosity and a parent-offspring regression for singletons. A mixture distribution model assumes that the sample comprises a mixture of monozygotic and dizygotic twins and estimates heritability based on the distribution of phenotypic similarity across twin pairs, without requiring prior classification of zygosity.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Twin studies consistently estimated heritability at 0.35 (95% CI, 0.34–0.37) across all regions. The estimated proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to shared environmental factors was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.62–0.63), while the contribution of unique environmental factors was 0.02 (95% CI, 0.02–0.02). Conversely, there was variation in the heritability estimates from parent-offspring studies, ranging from 0.27 (95% CI, 0.26–0.30) in North Africa, West Asia and Europe to 0.47 (95% CI, 0.46–0.48) in Latin America and Caribbean.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>The observed discrepancies between twin and family study estimates underscore the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. These variations suggest that environmental factors play a critical role in determining height outcomes during childhood. Further research is needed to explore these environmental factors in greater detail with the aim of developing region-specific interventions to address height disparities, particularly in underprivileged regions.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70134","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Child Height in Low- and Middle-Income Countries\",\"authors\":\"Reta Dewau, Stephanie Byrne, Elina Hyppönen, Sang Hong Lee, Beben Benyamin\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ajhb.70134\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Child height is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, it is unclear how these factors vary by geographical region and by study design, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where data is scarce. Understanding these variations will aid the identification of factors that may be hindering growth in specific populations.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>We analyzed height data of children under 5 years of age from 17 066 twin pairs and 2 024 672 parent-offspring pairs using the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 69 countries. We estimated genetic and environmental contributions to child height using a mixture distribution model for twins to account for unknown zygosity and a parent-offspring regression for singletons. A mixture distribution model assumes that the sample comprises a mixture of monozygotic and dizygotic twins and estimates heritability based on the distribution of phenotypic similarity across twin pairs, without requiring prior classification of zygosity.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Twin studies consistently estimated heritability at 0.35 (95% CI, 0.34–0.37) across all regions. The estimated proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to shared environmental factors was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.62–0.63), while the contribution of unique environmental factors was 0.02 (95% CI, 0.02–0.02). Conversely, there was variation in the heritability estimates from parent-offspring studies, ranging from 0.27 (95% CI, 0.26–0.30) in North Africa, West Asia and Europe to 0.47 (95% CI, 0.46–0.48) in Latin America and Caribbean.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>The observed discrepancies between twin and family study estimates underscore the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. These variations suggest that environmental factors play a critical role in determining height outcomes during childhood. Further research is needed to explore these environmental factors in greater detail with the aim of developing region-specific interventions to address height disparities, particularly in underprivileged regions.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50809,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Journal of Human Biology\",\"volume\":\"37 9\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70134\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Journal of Human Biology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70134\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ANTHROPOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Human Biology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70134","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ANTHROPOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Child Height in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Background
Child height is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, it is unclear how these factors vary by geographical region and by study design, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where data is scarce. Understanding these variations will aid the identification of factors that may be hindering growth in specific populations.
Methods
We analyzed height data of children under 5 years of age from 17 066 twin pairs and 2 024 672 parent-offspring pairs using the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 69 countries. We estimated genetic and environmental contributions to child height using a mixture distribution model for twins to account for unknown zygosity and a parent-offspring regression for singletons. A mixture distribution model assumes that the sample comprises a mixture of monozygotic and dizygotic twins and estimates heritability based on the distribution of phenotypic similarity across twin pairs, without requiring prior classification of zygosity.
Results
Twin studies consistently estimated heritability at 0.35 (95% CI, 0.34–0.37) across all regions. The estimated proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to shared environmental factors was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.62–0.63), while the contribution of unique environmental factors was 0.02 (95% CI, 0.02–0.02). Conversely, there was variation in the heritability estimates from parent-offspring studies, ranging from 0.27 (95% CI, 0.26–0.30) in North Africa, West Asia and Europe to 0.47 (95% CI, 0.46–0.48) in Latin America and Caribbean.
Conclusion
The observed discrepancies between twin and family study estimates underscore the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. These variations suggest that environmental factors play a critical role in determining height outcomes during childhood. Further research is needed to explore these environmental factors in greater detail with the aim of developing region-specific interventions to address height disparities, particularly in underprivileged regions.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Human Biology is the Official Journal of the Human Biology Association.
The American Journal of Human Biology is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, internationally circulated journal that publishes reports of original research, theoretical articles and timely reviews, and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. As the official journal of the Human Biology Association, the Journal also publishes abstracts of research presented at its annual scientific meeting and book reviews relevant to the field.
The Journal seeks scholarly manuscripts that address all aspects of human biology, health, and disease, particularly those that stress comparative, developmental, ecological, or evolutionary perspectives. The transdisciplinary areas covered in the Journal include, but are not limited to, epidemiology, genetic variation, population biology and demography, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, growth and aging, physical performance, physical activity and fitness, ecology, and evolution, along with their interactions. The Journal publishes basic, applied, and methodologically oriented research from all areas, including measurement, analytical techniques and strategies, and computer applications in human biology.
Like many other biologically oriented disciplines, the field of human biology has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years, and the expansion of the aims and scope of the Journal is a reflection of this growth and membership diversification.
The Journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interest.
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