免疫开关和巨噬细胞操作:创伤、排卵和抑郁是潜在的结核病再激活风险。

IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Stacie Burke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

炎症是免疫系统对初始结核感染的自然反应。结核杆菌已经获得了控制炎症过程的适应性,有时会在肉芽肿中潜伏和遏制,以确保它们的生存。在进化框架的基础上,这一假设驱动的叙事综合以免疫相关开关、巨噬细胞操作和血管内皮生长因子A (VEGFA)在体内的关键作用为中心,探索M1巨噬细胞表达的促炎丝裂原如何构成潜伏性结核病再激活的风险。这篇综述的重点是创伤、排卵和抑郁,三个促炎开关因M1巨噬细胞极化而产生再激活风险的案例研究,VEGFA表达上调和血管生成(新血管的发芽)。为什么骨骼结核经常与儿童期发病有关,为什么青春期和育龄女性相对于男性可能经历潜伏性结核病再激活的高风险,以及为什么抑郁症发病后有潜伏性结核病再激活的可能性。创伤、排卵和抑郁的免疫开关和再激活风险是有问题的,特别是在流行性结核病的情况下,如果大量人群常规潜伏感染,在具有天然“高生产者”VEGFA表型的个体中,或具有强1/M1/TH1或3/M1/TH17促炎开关倾向的个体中,以及具有巨噬细胞和肉芽肿操纵适应性(毒力因子)的结核细菌感染中。可以说,任何涉及促炎开关(在现代人群中常见,有时是慢性的)和M1巨噬细胞极化的疾病或生理状态,以及任何旨在改变VEGFA表达的药物治疗或疗法,都应考虑潜在结核再激活风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Immunity Switches and Macrophage Manipulations: Trauma, Ovulation, and Depression as Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation Risks

Immunity Switches and Macrophage Manipulations: Trauma, Ovulation, and Depression as Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation Risks

Inflammation is the immune system's natural response to initial tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis bacteria have gained adaptations to manipulate the inflammatory process, sometimes settling into latency and containment in granulomas, ensuring their survival. Grounded in an evolutionary framework, this hypothesis-driven narrative synthesis centers upon immune-related switches, macrophage manipulations, and the critical roles of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in the body, exploring how this pro-inflammatory mitogen expressed by M1 macrophages frames risks for latent tuberculosis reactivation. The review focuses on trauma, ovulation, and depression, three case studies of pro-inflammatory switches creating risks for reactivation because of M1 macrophage polarization, the up-regulation of VEGFA expression, and angiogenesis (the sprouting of new blood vessels). A biological rationale is extended for why skeletal tuberculosis is so often connected with onsets in childhood, why adolescent and reproductive age females may experience heightened risks for latent tuberculosis reactivation relative to males, and why there is a potential for latent tuberculosis reactivation following onsets of depression. The immunity switches and reactivation risks of trauma, ovulation, and depression are problematic, particularly in contexts of endemic tuberculosis if large numbers of people are routinely latently infected, and among individuals with natural “high producer” VEGFA phenotypes, or those with strong type 1/M1/TH1 or type 3/M1/TH17 pro-inflammatory switch tendencies, and in infections with tuberculosis bacteria possessing macrophage- and granuloma-manipulating adaptations (virulence factors). Arguably, any disease or physiological state engaging pro-inflammatory switches (common and sometimes chronic in the modern population) and M1 macrophage polarizations, and any drug treatments or therapeutics intending to alter VEGFA expression should be considered for latent tuberculosis reactivation risk.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
13.80%
发文量
124
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Human Biology is the Official Journal of the Human Biology Association. The American Journal of Human Biology is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, internationally circulated journal that publishes reports of original research, theoretical articles and timely reviews, and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. As the official journal of the Human Biology Association, the Journal also publishes abstracts of research presented at its annual scientific meeting and book reviews relevant to the field. The Journal seeks scholarly manuscripts that address all aspects of human biology, health, and disease, particularly those that stress comparative, developmental, ecological, or evolutionary perspectives. The transdisciplinary areas covered in the Journal include, but are not limited to, epidemiology, genetic variation, population biology and demography, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, growth and aging, physical performance, physical activity and fitness, ecology, and evolution, along with their interactions. The Journal publishes basic, applied, and methodologically oriented research from all areas, including measurement, analytical techniques and strategies, and computer applications in human biology. Like many other biologically oriented disciplines, the field of human biology has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years, and the expansion of the aims and scope of the Journal is a reflection of this growth and membership diversification. The Journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interest.
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