Clinical & Translational Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Validation of a cancer population derived AKI machine learning algorithm in a general critical care scenario.","authors":"Lauren Abigail Scanlon, Catherine O'Hara, Matthew Barker-Hewitt, Jorge Barriuso","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03906-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03906-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is the sudden onset of kidney damage. This damage usually comes without warning and can lead to increased mortality and inpatient costs and is of particular significance to patients undergoing cancer treatment. In previous work, we developed a machine learning algorithm to predict AKI up to 30 days prior to the event, trained on cancer patient data. Here, we validate this model on non-cancer data.</p><p><strong>Methods/patients: </strong>Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) is a large, freely available database containing de-identified data from patients who were admitted to the critical care units of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Data from 28,498 MIMIC patients were used to validate our algorithm, non-availability of Total Protein measure being the largest removal criterion.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Applying our algorithm to MIMIC data generated an AUROC of 0.821 (95% CI 0.820-0.821) per blood test. Our cancer derived algorithm compares positively with other AKI models derived and/or tested on MIMIC, with our model predicting AKI at the longest time frame of up to 30 days. This suggests that our model can achieve a good performance on patient cohorts very different to those from which it was derived, demonstrating the transferability and applicability for implementation in a clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the accuracy of the GPT-4 model in multidisciplinary tumor board decision prediction.","authors":"Efe Cem Erdat, Merih Yalçıner, Mehmet Berk Örüncü, Yüksel Ürün, Filiz Çay Şenler","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03905-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03905-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Artificial intelligence models like GPT-4 (OpenAI) have the potential to support clinical decision-making in oncology. This study aimed to assess the consistency between multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB) decisions and GPT-4 model predictions in cancer patient management.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients aged ≥ 18 years with definite or suspicious cancer diagnoses presented at MTBs in Ankara University Hospitals, Türkiye, from February 2021 to June 2023. GPT-4 was utilized to generate treatment recommendations based on case summaries. Three independent raters evaluated the compatibility between MTB decisions and GPT-4 predictions using a 4-point Likert scale. Cases with mean compatibility scores equal to or below 2 were reviewed by two expert oncologists for appropriateness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 610 patients were included. The mean compatibility score across raters was 3.59 (SD = 0.81), indicating high agreement between GPT-4 predictions and MTB decisions. Cronbach's alpha was 0.950 (95% CI 0.935-0.960), demonstrating excellent interrater reliability. Sixty-two cases (10.2%) had mean compatibility scores below the threshold of 2. The first expert oncologist deemed GPT-4's predictions inappropriate in 8 of these cases (12.9%), while the second deemed them inappropriate in 16 cases (25.8%). Cohen's kappa showed moderate agreement (κ = 0.50, 95% CI 0.25-0.75, p < 0.001). Discrepancies were often due to rare cases lacking guideline information or misunderstandings of case presentations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GPT-4 exhibited high compatibility with MTB decisions in cancer patient management, suggesting its potential as a supportive tool in clinical oncology. However, limitations exist, especially in rare or complex cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in dysphagia assessment: evaluating lingual muscle composition in head and neck cancer.","authors":"Laura Ferrera Alayón, Barbara Salas-Salas, Fiorella Ximena Palmas-Candia, Raquel Diaz-Saavedra, Anais Ramos-Ortiz, Pedro C Lara, Marta Lloret Sáez-Bravo","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03900-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03900-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common and debilitating condition in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between tongue muscle composition (quantity and quality) and the risk of dysphagia in non-surgically treated HNC patients, using artificial intelligence (AI) analysis of pretreatment computed tomography (CT) scans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective analysis was conducted on 41 non-surgically treated HNC patients under-going curative radiotherapy. Tongue muscle quantity was measured as cross-sectional area (cm²) and as a percentage of body composition using AI-based segmentation of CT images. Muscle quality was assessed through Hounsfield Units (HU), representing muscle density. Dysphagia risk was evaluated with the validated EAT-10 questionnaire, considering scores ≥ 3 as indicative of increased risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant association was found between EAT-10 categorical scores and dysphagia risk (Chi² = 26.07, p < 0.0001). However, no significant correlation was observed between the percentage of tongue muscle and density (R = 0.081, p = 0.07). Patients with EAT-10 scores ≥ 3 had significantly larger percentages of tongue muscle area (mean 61.17 ± 10.44 cm²) compared to those with EAT-10 < 3 (mean 56.58 ± 5.77 cm²; p = 0.004). Additionally, higher tongue muscle density (HU) was associated with increased dysphagia risk (p = 0.046). A significant association was also observed between pre-treatment and post-treatment dysphagia, with patients who reported pre-treatment dysphagia (EAT-10 ≥ 3) continuing to experience higher post-treatment dysphagia (p = 0.009, R = 0.411). Biologically Effective Dose (BED) (p = 0.0042), advanced tumor stage (p = 0.004), and systemic treatment (p = 0.027) were further associated with increased post-treatment dysphagia risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrates that non-surgically treated HNC patients with increased tongue area percentages and higher muscle density are at greater risk of dysphagia. Additionally, pre-treatment dysphagia was found to be a strong predictor of post-treatment dysphagia. The use of AI-based CT analysis provides a precise method for identifying patients at risk, allowing for timely interventions to improve swallowing function and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced anti-tumor effects of combined electric fields, cabozantinib, and radiation therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Jinju Heo, Yunhui Jo, Myonggeun Yoon","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03898-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03898-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of combining cabozantinib, electric fields (EFs; also called Tumor Treating Fields [TTFields]), and radiation in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), focusing on overcoming resistance to conventional monotherapeutic regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human renal cancer cell lines (A498, Caki-1) were treated with cabozantinib (10 µM) for at least 6 h, TTFields (200 kHz, 0.8 V/cm) for 24 h, and radiation (3 Gy), both individually and in combination. Cellular responses, including proliferation, apoptosis, and metastatic potential, were analyzed by flow cytometry and Transwell assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of cabozantinib, TTFields, and radiation exhibited synergistic effects, significantly reducing cell proliferation, enhancing apoptosis, and suppressing metastatic capacity compared with individual treatments. Triple therapy resulted in marked inhibition of metastasis-related markers and changes in apoptotic profiles compared with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This multimodal therapy demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing the metastatic potential and prolonging the survival of RCC cells, offering a promising approach to overcoming treatment resistance in patients with metastatic RCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic utility of the CALLY index in metastatic melanoma: building a nomogram for Patients on Anti-PD-1 therapy.","authors":"Caner Acar, Haydar Çağatay Yüksel, Gökhan Şahin, Fatma Pinar Açar, Damla Gunenc, Burçak Karaca","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03888-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03888-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic melanoma, many patients fail to derive meaningful benefit, underscoring the urgent need for accessible prognostic biomarkers. The C-reactive protein (CRP)-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index, an immunonutritional index, has shown prognostic value in various cancers. Previous studies indicate that systemic inflammation and nutritional status influence ICI efficacy, suggesting the potential relevance of the CALLY index in metastatic melanoma. This study evaluates the CALLY index's role in metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analysed 92 patients with metastatic melanoma who were treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy at Ege University's Faculty of Medicine between 2015 and 2023. The CALLY index was calculated using the pre-treatment CRP, albumin and lymphocyte levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate survival outcomes, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were employed to identify independent prognostic factors. A predictive nomogram incorporating the CALLY index and other significant variables was then developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal CALLY index cutoff was determined to be 2. Patients with a low CALLY index (≤ 2) had worse median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) when compared with those who had a high CALLY index (> 2) (median OS: 9.6 vs 31.3 months, p < 0.001; median PFS: 3.8 vs 10.6 months, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified the CALLY index, lactate dehydrogenase above the upper limit of normal, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥ 2, M1c/M1d staging and acral/mucosal melanoma subtypes to be independent predictors of OS. A nomogram was then constructed based on these factors, yielding a concordance index of 0.705 (95% confidence interval: 0.634-0.776). This model stratified patients into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, with the high-risk group showing significantly worse OS than the intermediate- and the low-risk groups (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CALLY index is a cost-effective and independent prognostic biomarker that can aid in risk stratification and guide treatment decisions in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving anti-PD-1 therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgement to reviewers 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03880-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03880-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HER2-targeted therapy in colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Yeliz Benli, Helin Arıkan, Özge Akbulut-Çalışkan","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03887-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03887-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite treatment advancements in the last decades, CRC remains heterogeneous with significant clinical and genetic diversity. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) proto-oncogene plays a critical role, as its amplification or overexpression leading to abnormal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. HER2 overexpression or amplification is identified in 2-4% of metastatic CRCs (mCRC) patients, representing a potential therapeutic target. It is also associated with resistance against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies like cetuximab and panitumumab, for treatment of RAS wild-type mCRC. Although HER2-positive mCRC is rare, assessing HER2 levels is important. Furthermore, anti-HER2 therapies exhibited non-toxic profile and high efficacy in chemorefractory cases. This review delves into modern management of anti-HER2 therapies in CRC with a particular focus on recent advances and current knowledge about the prognostic and predictive value of HER2.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of telomeres expression in melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: correlation with clinical parameters.","authors":"Tuqa Nasser Alsurhi, Asem Shalaby, Shadia Al-Sinawi, Mohamed Mabruk","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03876-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03876-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The expression of the hTERT component of the human telomerase is elevated in different types of malignancies, including skin cancer. Early diagnosis of malignant melanoma is necessary to improve the prognosis of the disease. Although there are many diagnostic biomarkers for malignant melanoma, none is accurate, specific, and sensitive. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expression rate and patterns of the hTERT component of human telomerase in melanoma and to compare this with squamous cell carcinoma as a common non melanoma skin cancer to investigate the potential of using telomerase as a molecular biomarker for the early diagnosis of this tumor. Additionally, the study compared the telomerase expression in these two tumor types with varying clinicopathological parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective observational study, a total of 348 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays samples consisting of cutaneous melanoma (n = 189), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 115), and normal human skin samples (n = 44) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of the hTERT component of human telomerase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 189 melanoma cases, 97 (51.3%) showed positive telomerase expression in contrast to detection of telomerase expression only in 3 out of 115 (2.6%) squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples. The telomerase was expressed only in 5 out of 44 normal human skins.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data indicate that telomerase expression is significantly more pronounced in melanoma compared to squamous cell carcinoma. These findings may support the potential utilization of telomerase as a biomarker for early diagnosis and monitoring of melanoma which can lead to timely treatment and enhances a better outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers in gastroesophageal cancer 2025: an updated consensus statement by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP).","authors":"Maria Alsina Maqueda, Ana Teijo Quintáns, Miriam Cuatrecasas, Maria Jesús Fernández Aceñero, Ana Fernández Montes, Carlos Gómez Martín, Paula Jiménez Fonseca, Carolina Martínez Ciarpaglini, Fernando Rivera Herrero, Mar Iglesias Coma","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03865-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03865-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastroesophageal carcinomas, including gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), pose a global health challenge due to their heterogeneity. The approach to diagnosis and treatment should first differentiate between GEA and ESCC. Over the past decade, therapies for metastatic or advanced GEA/ESCC have expanded, with several new therapeutic targets alongside trastuzumab for metastatic HER2-positive GEA. Four key biomarkers are essential for targeted therapy: HER2 overexpression/amplification, deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI), PD-L1, and Claudin18.2 expression. Immunohistochemistry is the recommended method for these biomarkers evaluation. In addition, the assessment of biomarkers like FGFR2b is likely to become routine in the near future. Experts from the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP) and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) have formed a consensus to optimize biomarker detection and usage in clinical practice. Their recommendations aim to improve personalized treatment strategies for GEA and ESCC patients, integrating new diagnostic insights into routine care.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and predictors of caregiver burden among patients with cancer receiving palliative cancer treatment.","authors":"Juan Luis Torres-Tenor, Elsa Bernal-Hertfelder, Ana Pertejo-Fernández, Jorge Luis Ramón-Patiño, Andrés Redondo, Alberto Alonso-Babarro, Eduardo Bruera","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03885-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03885-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Assess the frequency of caregiver burden among patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative anticancer treatment. Compare characteristics of those who show caregiver burden versus those who do not.</p><p><strong>Methods/patients: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study in two university hospital oncology departments. Caregivers completed the Reduced Zarit Burden Interview and Emotional Distress Thermometer. Data were analyzed to identify factors associated with caregiver burden.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>79 informal primary caregivers participated, mostly women (65%, N = 51), middle-aged (median 57, SD = 9), employed (54%), and spouses (58%, N = 46). Most had medium economic status (70%, N = 55), no other dependents (51%, N = 40), support from other caregivers (56%, N = 44), and good self-rated health (82%, N = 65). Caregiver burden affected 61% (N = 48), more often women (p = 0.049), those with high stress (p = 0.001), and when more people were involved in patient care (p = 0.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Caregiver burden is common in informal primary caregivers of patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative treatment, especially in highly stressed women.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}