Clinical & Translational Oncology最新文献

{"title":"BRCA1/2 methylation and expression dynamics in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: insights from gene, protein, and TCGA analysis.","authors":"Bhoomi Tarapara, Franky Shah","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03934-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03934-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>BRCA1/2 Mutations have been linked to an inherited risk of breast and ovarian cancer. However, gene silencing by promoter methylation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 has not been studied extensively.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Promoter methylation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the gDNA of 113 hereditary breast and ovarian cancer patients was carried out using methylation-specific qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of patients showed higher methylation in BRCA2 than in BRCA1 and were significantly associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer Moreover, BRCA2 methylation was significantly associated with BRCA2 downregulation. Additionally, protein expression analysis in a subset of 25 patients with hypermethylated demonstrated a significant negative correlation between methylation status and protein expression for both BRCA1 and BRCA2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BRCA1 and BRCA2 promoter methylation, particularly BRCA2, contributes to gene silencing and protein loss, and may act as key biomarkers for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer prognosis and therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3911-3923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External validation of a prediction model for bleeding events in anticoagulated cancer patients with venous thromboembolism (PredictAI).","authors":"María Carmen Viñuela-Benéitez, Claudia Iglesias Pérez, Laura Ortega Morán, Ignacio García Escobar, Diego Cacho Lavín, Rut Porta I Balanyà, Silvia García Adrián, Marta Carmona Campos, Gretel Benítez López, José Antonio Santiago Crespo, Miriam Lobo de Mena, Javier Pérez Altozano, Enrique Gallardo Díaz, Julia Tejerina Peces, Pilar Ochoa Rivas, María José Ortiz Morales, Victoria Eugenia Castellón Rubio, Carmen Díez Pedroche, María Rosales Sueiro, Felipe Gonçalves, Manuel Sánchez-Cánovas, Miguel Ángel Ruiz, José Muñoz-Langa, Pedro Pérez Segura, Eva Martínez de Castro, Alberto Carmona-Bayonas, Paula Jiménez-Fonseca, Andrés Jesús Muñoz Martín","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03890-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03890-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to validate the PredictAI models for predicting major bleeding (MB) in patients with active cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) with anticoagulant (ACO) therapy, within 6 months after primary VTE, using an independent cohort of patients from the TESEO database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted an external validation of the PredictAI models using the international, prospective TESEO registry from July 2018 until October 2021. Data from 40 Spanish and Portuguese hospitals recruiting consecutive cases of cancer-associated thrombosis under anticoagulant treatment and without missing values regarding the model outcome or predictors were used. Patients with baseline MB or unknown MB status during follow-up were excluded for the validation analysis. Logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) approaches were used to validate the models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Included patients from the TESEO cohort (2179 patients) had similar key demographics and clinical characteristics to the PredictAI cohort (21,227 patients). During the 6-month follow-up period, 10.9% (n = 2314) and 5.9% (n = 129) of patients experienced at least one MB event in the PredictAI and TESEO cohorts, respectively. Hemoglobin, metastasis, age, platelets, leukocytes, and serum creatinine were described as predictors for MB in PredictAI; the external validation results in TESEO showed statistical significance by LR and RF approaches, with ROC-AUC values of 0.59 and 0.56, respectively (both p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PredictAI models for predicting MB in anticoagulant-treated cancer patients within the first 6 months following VTE diagnosis have been externally validated. These models may be considered as a tool to guide objective decisions regarding the indication or extension of anticoagulant therapy in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"4031-4039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncological needs in transgender patients.","authors":"Francisco Ayala de la Peña, David Martínez-Ramos, Oscar Juan-Vidal, Marcelino Gómez-Balaguer, Maria Miguélez, David Páez, Virginia Arrazubi, Carmen Hinojo González","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03917-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03917-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgender people encounter unique health disparities in oncology. They face substantial barriers in accessing healthcare that are exaggerated by bias/discrimination from healthcare professionals and systems, and socio-economic marginalisation. This review explores the current landscape of cancer risk, screening and management in transgender individuals from a Spanish perspective. Nationwide data are lacking, but estimates from Madrid suggest that 22 per 100,000 individuals are transgender. The needs of the transgender individual for gender-affirming surgeries and gender-affirming hormone therapy may alter the individual's oncological risk profile and likelihood of receiving appropriate screening, and when diagnosed with cancer may have to be balanced against treatment requirements (e.g., endocrine therapy for breast cancer). There remain unmet needs in the oncological care of the transgender patient. Concerted effort is required to address clinical research gaps, and reform healthcare education and policy, in order to develop inclusive clinical practices that enhance patient care and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3849-3859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of the oncological process for lung cancer in Spain: an expert consensus report.","authors":"Javier de Castro, Patricia Alonso-Fernández, José Javier Castrodeza, Ángel Gayete, Florentino Hernando, José Martínez-Olmos, Bartomeu Massuti, Luis Paz-Ares, Antoni Sisó-Almirall, David Vicente, Laureano Molins","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03883-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03883-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Continuous monitoring of the oncological process is essential for identifying inefficiencies and areas of improvement, enabling better resource allocation in the care of lung cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective is to define key indicators and identify critical variables for monitoring lung cancer care, aiming to improve early detection, reduce delays in diagnosis and treatment, and enhance biomarker research, ensuring timely and effective treatments for all patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multidisciplinary expert group conducted a consensus process based on a review of national guidelines and initiatives related to lung cancer care. The experts defined relevant indicators and identified variables for monitoring overall care, addressing delays, and improving biomarker research. The feasibility of incorporating these indicators into existing information systems was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed indicators provide a structured approach for assessing lung cancer care and outcomes. Their inclusion in healthcare information systems would improve the monitoring and evaluation of care quality and patient outcomes. Additionally, these indicators would also promote interoperability and continuous patient care across different centers and regions, allowing informed decision-making in the improvement of healthcare processes by those responsible for healthcare management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The adoption of standardized indicators for lung cancer care monitoring can drive continuous improvement in healthcare processes. Implementing these indicators in information systems will enable better resource allocation, timely and effective treatment, and enhanced coordination among healthcare providers, ultimately improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3867-3876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and gender differences in cancer pathogenesis and pharmacology.","authors":"Beatriz Bernardez, Oliver Higuera, Virginia Martinez-Callejo, Ana Cardeña-Gutiérrez, José Antonio Marcos Rodríguez, Ana Santaballa Bertrán, Margarita Majem, Maria-Estela Moreno-Martínez","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03894-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03894-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex and gender may influence the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prognosis of cancer. This narrative review describes sex and gender differences in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of cancer, and how such differences may impact the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cancer treatment. For most types of cancer unrelated to reproductive function, incidence is higher in males than in females, except for gallbladder and thyroid cancers, which are much more common in women. Cancer mortality is higher in men than women; women account for a larger proportion of survivors. These differences may be related to biological differences in pathogenesis or differences in behaviors relating to cancer risk or detection. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cancer therapies also differ between sexes due to differences in body composition, physiology, and receptor expression. Overall, sex and gender are essential variables to be considered in research and clinical practice, influencing diagnosis, subtyping (biomarkers), prognostication, treatment, and dosage.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3837-3848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential mechanism of inhibitory effect of \"medicine food homology\" curcumin and its analogue EF24 on oral squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Rao Fu, Zhengrui Li, Ji'an Liu, Bo Xu, Xutao Wen, Ling Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03871-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03871-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of head and neck with high incidence and poor prognosis. Curcumin, as a drug-food congener, has a broad spectrum of anticancer effects, and based on this property, we further focused on EF24, a small molecule compound using curcumin as a backbone, to study the effects of both in OSCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell experiments were performed to test the inhibitory effect of curcumin and EF24 on OSCC cells. The potential mechanism was further analyzed by transcriptome sequencing, and the DEGs after drug treatment were determined. PPI networks were created using Cytoscape software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both curcumin and EF24 inhibit the viability, migration, and invasion, and induce apoptosis of OSCC cells and the IC₅₀ of EF24 was much lower than that of curcumin. Analysis of DEGs identified 893 DEGs following curcumin treatment, of which 794 were up-regulated and 99 were down-regulated; 797 DEGs following EF24 treatment were identified, of which 665 were up-regulated and 132 were down-regulated. Curcumin and EF24 were found to down-regulate lipid metabolism by key enzymes that regulate fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, the number of T cell CD4 + memory is up-regulated and the immune response is enhanced.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is suggested that curcumin and EF24 inhibit the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and at the same time regulate TME, and improve the immunotherapy of tumors, which opens the way for the future treatment of OSCC with this approach alone or in conjunction with immune-checkpoint blocking.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3965-3980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a low-dose radiation therapy program for musculoskeletal pain disorders: tips, tricks, and essentials for clinical researchers.","authors":"Beatriz Álvarez, Angel Montero, Jeannette Valero, Mercedes López, Raquel Ciérvide, Ovidio Hernando, Emilio Sánchez, Miguel Angel de la Casa, Xin Chen-Zhao, Mariola García-Aranda, Ana Martinez, Rosa Alonso, Miguel Sánchez, Pedro Fernández-Letón, Carmen Rubio","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03936-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03936-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Painful musculoskeletal disorders (PMDs) represent an increasing public health concern, particularly among aging populations. When conservative therapies prove insufficient, low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) has emerged as a non-invasive and effective treatment alternative. Despite growing clinical evidence supporting its efficacy, LDRT remains underutilized due to persistent skepticism and the absence of standardized clinical guidelines.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This review synthesizes current evidence on the use of LDRT for PMDs, focusing on its biological mechanisms, optimal dosing regimens, clinical efficacy, and safety profile. Attention is given to dose fractionation strategies, timing of re-irradiation, and technological advancements that enhance treatment precision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LDRT provides pain relief in 60-90% of treated cases, with the most favorable results achieved using fraction doses between 0.3 and 0.7 Gy. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through immune modulation, reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression, and promotion of tissue repair. Re-irradiation performed 10-12 weeks after the initial cycle may be beneficial in patients experiencing symptom persistence or recurrence. Long-term follow-up data confirm sustained efficacy and indicate a minimal risk of radiation-induced malignancies in older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LDRT is a safe and effective treatment option for PMDs, especially in patients unresponsive to conventional therapies. To facilitate its broader adoption, this review underscores key clinical evidence and proposes practical considerations for integrating LDRT into multidisciplinary pain management protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"4020-4030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where is clinical research in radiation oncology going? a snapshot from Lombardy, Italy-a study endorsed by AIRO Lombardia.","authors":"Mattia Zaffaroni, Maria Giulia Vincini, Stefano Arcangeli, Alessandra Cocchi, Agostina De Stefani, Andrea Riccardo Filippi, Davide Franceschini, Micaela Motta, Federica Piccolo, Davide Tomasini, Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa, Antonio Laudati, Daniela Alterio","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03919-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03919-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The research activity is fundamental to improve knowledge in Medicine. In the setting of clinical oncology, radiotherapy (RT) represents a cornerstone for patients treated with curative intent.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this snapshot was to investigate the number and the characteristics of clinical trials currently ongoing in the Lombardy (Italy) RT divisions highlighting involved resources and eventual needs to improve the process of study activation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In April 2024, a survey composed of two parts, a snapshot of clinical and research activity and a database to report data on ongoing clinical trials, was proposed to the 30 RT centers in Lombardy. The snapshot consisted of 19 short answer questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26 (87%) centers answered the survey. The total number of active studies was 161. The median age among principal investigators was 51 years. Most studies were multicentric (61%) national (76%). Among 72 studies with available phase, 43% resulted phase III studies. Fifty-three (33%) studies were sponsored. IRCCS (Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a carattere scientifico) RT have a median of 11 active studies vs versus 6 in non-IRCCS structures. More resources are available in IRCCS centers compared to non-IRCCS: data management service 50% vs 25%, dedicated scientific nurses 20% vs 0%, clinical statistics services 60% vs 25%. The main difficulties in conducting clinical trials were bureaucratic difficulties with ethics committees (5 centers), time constraints (5 centers), and a lack of resources and staff (15 centers). The most frequently (58% of the centers) proposed solution was an increase in resources and staff.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the RT centers in Lombardy demonstrate a commendable commitment to clinical research, disparities in resources and infrastructure remain significantly challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"4011-4019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of tumor-treating fields (TTFields): further perspectives.","authors":"Ashwin Kumaria","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03942-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03942-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"4064-4065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term survival and prognostic factors in extragonadal germ cell tumors: a 30-year experience at a single institution.","authors":"Patricia Capdevila, Cristobal Carrasco, Elisa Gómez, Carlos Escrivá, Emilio Soria, Josep M Esteve, Jorge Aparicio Urtasun","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03904-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03904-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCT) are rare malignancies, typically located in midline structures, with treatment consisting of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes, identify prognostic factors and assess treatment efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated 31 patients with EGCT between 1994 and 2024. RStudio was used for data analysis. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier, and prognostic factors via Cox regression. Approval was obtained from our local Ethics Committee.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common site was mediastinum (59%), followed by retroperitoneum and central nervous system. Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) were more frequent than seminomas (61% vs. 39%), and 41% of patients had metastasis at diagnosis. After first-line chemotherapy plus selective surgery or irradiation, the disease control rate was 81%. Progression or relapse occurred in 48% of patients, mostly in those with mediastinal NSGCT. No secondary malignancies were detected during follow-up. 5- and 10-year OS were 70%. NSGCT histology and mediastinal location were significantly associated with lower survival, with a 5-year OS of 34% in mediastinal NSGCT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains effective for EGCT patients, mediastinal NSGCT pose significant challenges, highlighting the need for improved strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"4058-4063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}