Sex and gender differences in cancer pathogenesis and pharmacology.

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY

Clinical & Translational Oncology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1007/s12094-025-03894-1

Beatriz Bernardez, Oliver Higuera, Virginia Martinez-Callejo, Ana Cardeña-Gutiérrez, José Antonio Marcos Rodríguez, Ana Santaballa Bertrán, Margarita Majem, Maria-Estela Moreno-Martínez

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Abstract

Sex and gender may influence the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prognosis of cancer. This narrative review describes sex and gender differences in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of cancer, and how such differences may impact the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cancer treatment. For most types of cancer unrelated to reproductive function, incidence is higher in males than in females, except for gallbladder and thyroid cancers, which are much more common in women. Cancer mortality is higher in men than women; women account for a larger proportion of survivors. These differences may be related to biological differences in pathogenesis or differences in behaviors relating to cancer risk or detection. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cancer therapies also differ between sexes due to differences in body composition, physiology, and receptor expression. Overall, sex and gender are essential variables to be considered in research and clinical practice, influencing diagnosis, subtyping (biomarkers), prognostication, treatment, and dosage.

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性别可能会影响癌症的流行病学、发病机制和预后。这篇叙述性综述描述了癌症流行病学和发病机制中的性别差异，以及这种差异如何影响癌症治疗的药效学和药代动力学。就大多数与生殖功能无关的癌症而言，男性的发病率高于女性，但胆囊癌和甲状腺癌除外，这两种癌症在女性中更为常见。男性的癌症死亡率高于女性；在幸存者中，女性占较大比例。这些差异可能与发病机制的生物学差异或与癌症风险或检测有关的行为差异有关。由于身体成分、生理机能和受体表达的不同，癌症疗法的药代动力学和药效学也因性别而异。总之，性别是研究和临床实践中必须考虑的重要变量，对诊断、亚型（生物标志物）、预后、治疗和剂量都有影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical & Translational Oncology 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

2.90%

发文量

240

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Clinical and Translational Oncology is an international journal devoted to fostering interaction between experimental and clinical oncology. It covers all aspects of research on cancer, from the more basic discoveries dealing with both cell and molecular biology of tumour cells, to the most advanced clinical assays of conventional and new drugs. In addition, the journal has a strong commitment to facilitating the transfer of knowledge from the basic laboratory to the clinical practice, with the publication of educational series devoted to closing the gap between molecular and clinical oncologists. Molecular biology of tumours, identification of new targets for cancer therapy, and new technologies for research and treatment of cancer are the major themes covered by the educational series. Full research articles on a broad spectrum of subjects, including the molecular and cellular bases of disease, aetiology, pathophysiology, pathology, epidemiology, clinical features, and the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer, will be considered for publication.