Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Correlates of Depression and Suicidality in Huntington Disease: An Analysis of the Enroll-HD Observational Study","authors":"N. Rocha, Madison R Tuazon, Jorge Patino, E. Furr Stimming, A. L. Teixeira","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression and suicidality are commonly experienced by Huntington disease (HD) gene carriers. Research on these behavioral symptoms is imperative, not only to increase our understanding of the symptoms and how they relate to HD, but also to contribute to improving patients’ care and quality of life. Objective: To identify clinical variables associated with a history of depression and suicidality in HD gene carriers. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study of HD gene carriers from the Enroll-HD database PDS4 (periodic data set 4; N = 11,582). Data from baseline visits were obtained, and binary logistic regression models were used to ascertain the effects of clinical variables on the likelihood that HD gene carriers would have previous depression and suicidal ideation/attempts. Results: Approximately 65% (n = 7526) of the HD gene carriers had a history of depression, and ~27% (n = 3152) had previous suicidal ideation/attempts. Female sex; diagnosis of manifest HD; history of perseverative/obsessive behavior, apathy, and psychosis; and previous suicidal ideation/attempts were significantly associated with a history of depression in the HD gene carriers. Medical history of apathy, psychosis, and depression, as well as worse scores on the Total Functional Capacity and Irritability Scales, were significantly associated with previous suicidal ideation/attempts in the HD gene carriers. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and suicidality is high among HD gene carriers. An improved understanding of the risk factors for depression and suicide in HD gene carriers can assist providers in recognizing at-risk individuals and allow providers to implement therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48432050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye-gaze Strategies During Facial Emotion Recognition in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Links With Neuropsychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Kévin Polet,&nbsp;Solange Hesse,&nbsp;Adeline Morisot,&nbsp;Benoît Kullmann,&nbsp;Sandrine Louchart de la Chapelle,&nbsp;Alain Pesce,&nbsp;Galina Iakimova","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Facial emotion recognition (FER) is primarily and severely impaired in individuals with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and is often mildy impaired in individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) or Parkinson disease (PD). Such impairment is associated with inappropriate social behaviors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether FER impairment is linked to the use of inappropriate eye-gaze strategies to decode facial emotions, leading to misinterpretation of others' intentions and then to behavioral disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We assessed FER in 9 individuals with bvFTD, 23 with AD, and 20 with PD, as well as 22 healthy controls (HC), using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RME) Test and the Ekman Faces Test. Eye movements (number and duration of fixations) were recorded with an eye-tracking device. Behavior was assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FER was mildly impaired in the AD and PD groups and severely impaired in the bvFTD group. FER impairment was accompanied by an increase in the number of fixations and a more attracted gaze toward the lower part of one's face. FER impairment and an increase in the number of fixations were positively correlated with behavioral disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated a link between FER impairment, modification of eye-gaze strategies during the observation of emotional faces, and behavioral disorders in individuals with bvFTD and those with AD or PD. These results suggest that an eye-gaze strategy rehabilitation program could have beneficial effects on emotion recognition and behavioral disorders in individuals with these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41156167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained Long-term Improvement in Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of an Individual With Initial bvFTD Diagnosis: A Case Report","authors":"E. Kim, N. Pliskin, M. Caserta","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000298","url":null,"abstract":"The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is diagnosed by progressive neuropsychiatric changes and supportive neuroimaging. Making an accurate diagnosis of bvFTD is a challenging process that can be complicated by the presence of a subset of nonprogressive, or phenocopy, cases whose symptoms remain stable. Our patient, who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms that are characteristic of bvFTD, improved and stabilized after thorough neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation and treatment. Our case illustrates that, despite diagnostic uncertainties, appropriate evaluation and treatment can lead to improvement and stabilization of neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals presumed to have bvFTD.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41405527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Utility of Hippocampal Volumetric Data in a Memory Disorder Clinic Setting","authors":"R. Ruchinskas, Trung Nguyen, K. Womack, Alka Khera, F. Yu, B. Kelley","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000295","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hippocampal volumetric data are widely used in research but are rarely examined in clinical populations in regard to aiding diagnosis or correlating with objective memory test scores. Objective: To replicate and expand on the few prior clinical examinations of the utility of hippocampal volumetric data. We evaluated MRI volumetric data to determine (a) the degree of hippocampal loss across diagnostic groups compared with a cognitively intact group, (b) if total or lateralized hippocampal volumes predict diagnostic group membership, and (c) how total and lateralized volumes correlate with memory tests. Method: We retrospectively examined hippocampal volumetric data and memory test scores for 294 individuals referred to a memory clinic. Results: Individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease had smaller hippocampal volumes compared with cognitively intact individuals. The raw and normalized total and lateralized hippocampal volumes were essentially equal for predicting diagnostic group membership, and notably low hippocampal volumes evidenced greater specificity than sensitivity. All of the volumetric data correlated with the memory test scores, with the total and left hippocampal volumes accounting for the slightly more variance in the diagnostic groups. Conclusion: The diagnostic groups exhibited hippocampal volume loss, which can be a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative disease in clinical practice. However, solely using hippocampal volumetric data to predict diagnostic group membership or memory test failure was not supported. While extreme hippocampal volume loss was rare in the cognitively intact group, the sensitivity of these volumetric data suggests a need for supplementation by other tools when making a diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48158677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal and Nonverbal Memory in Neurodegenerative and Stroke Aphasia: Evidence From the Turkish Version of the Three Words Three Shapes Test","authors":"M. Seckin, Begüm Özbek, Ilayda Demir, E. Kurt, Ulaş Ay, D. Yildirim, N. Yesilot, O. Çoban, Öget Öktem, H. Gürvit","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000294","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although language impairment is the most salient feature of cognitive impairment in both primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and stroke aphasia (SA), memory can also be impaired in both patient populations. Objective: To identify distinctive features of verbal and nonverbal memory processing in individuals with PPA and those with SA. Method: We gave individuals with PPA (n = 14), those with SA (n = 8), and healthy controls (HC; n = 13) a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and the Turkish version of the Three Words Three Shapes Test (3W3S–Turkish). The 3W3S–Turkish Test includes five subtests: Copy, Incidental Recall, Acquisition, Delayed Recall, and Recognition. High-resolution brain scans were performed in a subset of individuals with PPA and those with SA. Lesion distribution was limited to the dorsal language areas in the SA group, whereas peak atrophy areas in the PPA group extended beyond the language network, including the medial temporal lobe, precuneus, and posterior/medial portions of the cingulate cortex. Results: Both the PPA and SA groups showed impairment in incidental recall, and the PPA group showed additional impairment in delayed recall. Greater impairment for verbal stimuli suggestive of material-specific memory impairment was evident in the PPA group’s scores on the Incidental Recall and Delayed Recall subtests. Both aphasia groups retained the acquired information regardless of material type. Conclusion: Although both aphasia groups shared similarities in the involvement of the dorsal prefrontal working memory/attention network, the PPA group showed greater impairment in delayed recall compared with the SA group.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47859736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Code Breaker, Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race.","authors":"Howard S Kirshner","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodialyzed Individuals’ Left Spatial Attentional Bias Is Normalized Following Successful Kidney Transplantation","authors":"Aleksandra Mańkowska, K. Heilman, J. Williamson, B. Biedunkiewicz, A. Dębska-Ślizień, M. Harciarek","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000290","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthy people have a leftward spatial attentional bias, called pseudoneglect. Individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are receiving hemodialysis often demonstrate an increase in their leftward spatial attentional bias. Whereas a successful kidney transplant often improves the cognitive functions of individuals who previously received hemodialysis, the effect of a kidney transplant on this abnormal allocation of spatial attention has not been investigated. Objective: To investigate the effects of kidney transplant on individuals who were being treated with dialysis and had an increase in their left spatial attentional bias. Method: The performance of 20 hemodialyzed individuals with ESRD on the line bisection test was compared to that of 17 demographically matched individuals with ESRD, who had received a kidney transplant, and 23 demographically matched healthy controls (HC). Results: All of the participants exhibited a left spatial bias on the line bisection task. When compared with the HC, the hemodialyzed individuals demonstrated a significantly greater left spatial bias. There was, however, no difference in spatial bias between the HC and the individuals who had received a kidney transplant. Conclusion: A successful kidney transplant can improve patients’ abnormal leftward allocation of spatial attention. However, future studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of this spatial attentional bias in hemodialyzed individuals and the normalization of bias following transplantation.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46601551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Attention Network Test in Parkinson and Lewy Body Disease: A Systematic Review","authors":"Jihyun Yang, Dana Pourzinal, T. Rheinberger, D. Copland, K. Mcmahon, G. Byrne, N. Dissanayaka","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000292","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Attention Network Test (ANT) is a well-established measure of efficiency for the alerting, orienting, and executive attentional networks. However, its novel application in Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) research more broadly has yet to be evaluated systematically. Objective: To compare and consolidate the outcomes of studies reporting use of the ANT in PD and LBD groups and to identify the methodological considerations for the conduct of such studies. Method: We performed a systematic literature search for articles exploring attention in PD and LBD groups using the ANT. We excluded articles on the basis of irrelevant scope, non-English, and groups other than PD and LBD. Once the full text articles were identified, we extracted the data and assessed the studies’ quality. Results: The final sample included 16 articles ranging from low to moderate quality. Behavioral findings suggested a general slowing of responses yet preserved accuracy from the PD group compared with controls. Overall, the evidence was inconclusive regarding the state of the alerting network in the PD and LBD groups, mostly supportive of an intact orienting network, and strongly suggestive of an impaired executive network. Differences in sample stratification, patient symptomatology, and dopaminergic medication levels were identified as influential factors in the attentional results across studies. Conclusion: Although sparse, the existing evidence indicates that the ANT is a viable option for measuring attention in PD; it can also be harnessed to explore the impact of symptoms and medications on attentional networks in PD and LBD groups.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43956332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anosognosia and Memory Encoding in Huntington Disease","authors":"Ciaran M. Considine, Shelby B. Hughes, Jessie Sellers Gibson, David Isaacs, Katherine E McDonell, R. Darby, D. Claassen","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000293","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anosognosia can manifest as an unawareness of neurobehavioral symptoms in individuals with Huntington disease (HD). Measurement of anosognosia is challenging, but the Anosognosia Scale (AS) represents a brief option with promising findings in small samples. Objective: To replicate application of the AS in a larger HD sample than previous studies in order to assess psychometrics and demographic correlates and to investigate the genetic, motor, and neuropsychological correlates of the AS in individuals with HD. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the AS ratings of 74 genetically confirmed Huntington gene carriers, nearly all early motor manifest, who had been referred for clinical neuropsychological assessment. Concurrent clinical neurologic examination and neuropsychometric assessment data were compiled, where available (ns = 35–74). The severity of the anosognosia per AS ratings was characterized for the HD sample. Results: The AS ratings did not correlate with demographic variables, genetic markers, or motor dysfunction severity. Correlation analyses revealed that higher AS ratings correlated with worse recognition–discrimination memory performance (r = 0.38, P < 0.05) but not cognitive control on executive functioning performance or on collateral-reported frontal–behavioral symptoms. Higher AS ratings also correlated with fewer patient-reported depressive symptoms (r = –0.38, P < 0.01) and diurnal hypersomnia symptoms (r = –0.44, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Anosognosia (per AS) is associated with recognition–discrimination deficits and fewer self-reported neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with pre-to-early manifest HD, though not with HD severity per genetic or motor markers, nor to executive dysfunction or collateral-reported frontal–behavioral symptoms.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48408372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging Correlates of Resilience Following Adolescent Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Adam T Schmidt,&nbsp;Hannah M Lindsey,&nbsp;Emily Dennis,&nbsp;Elisabeth A Wilde,&nbsp;Brian D Biekman,&nbsp;Zili D Chu,&nbsp;Gerri R Hanten,&nbsp;Dana L Formon,&nbsp;Matthew S Spruiell,&nbsp;Jill V Hunter,&nbsp;Harvey S Levin","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000283","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity in adolescents, but positive outcomes are possible. Resilience is the concept that some individuals flourish despite significant adversity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if there is a relationship between resilience-promoting factors that are known to promote resilience and white matter (WM) microstructure 1 year after complicated mild TBI or moderate or severe TBI that is sustained by adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We examined the relationship between performance on a self-report measure of resilience-promoting factors and WM integrity assessed by diffusion tensor imaging in a group of adolescents who had sustained either a TBI (n = 38) or an orthopedic injury (OI) (n = 23).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immediately following injury, the individuals with TBI and the OI controls had comparable levels of resilience-promoting factors; however, at 1 year post injury, the TBI group endorsed fewer resilience-promoting factors and exhibited WM disruption compared with the OI controls. The individuals with TBI who had more resilience-promoting factors at 1 year post injury exhibited increased WM integrity, but the OI controls did not. Findings were particularly strong for the following structures: anterior corona radiata, anterior limb of the internal capsule, and genu of the corpus callosum-structures that are implicated in social cognition and are frequently disrupted after TBI. Relationships were notable for caregiver and community-level resilience-promoting factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current findings are some of the first to indicate neurobiological evidence of previously noted buffering effects of resilience-promoting factors in individuals with TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8647770/pdf/nihms-1743087.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39681868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}