A Functional and Neuroanatomical Model of Dehumanization.

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Mario F Mendez
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The dehumanization of others is a major scourge of mankind; however, despite its significance, physicians have little understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms for this behavior. We can learn much about dehumanization from its brain-behavior localization and its manifestations in people with brain disorders. Dehumanization as an act of denying to others human qualities includes two major forms. Animalistic dehumanization (also called infrahumanization) results from increased inhibition of prepotent tendencies for emotional feelings and empathy for others. The mechanism may be increased activity in the inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, mechanistic dehumanization results from a loss of perception of basic human nature and decreased mind-attribution. The mechanism may be hypofunction of a mentalization network centered in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and adjacent subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. Whereas developmental factors may promote animalistic dehumanization, brain disorders, such as frontotemporal dementia, primarily promote mechanistic dehumanization. The consideration of these two processes as distinct, with different neurobiological origins, could help guide efforts to mitigate expression of this behavior.

去人性化的功能和神经解剖学模型。
对他人的非人化是人类的一大祸害;然而,尽管其意义重大,但医生对这种行为的神经生物学机制知之甚少。我们可以从其大脑行为定位及其在大脑疾病患者中的表现中学到很多关于非人化的知识。去人性化作为一种否定他人人格的行为,包括两种主要形式。动物的非人化(也称为非人性化)是由于对情感和对他人同理心的偏好倾向的抑制加剧。其机制可能是额下回活动增加。相反,机械化的非人化是对基本人性的感知丧失和心理归因减少的结果。其机制可能是以腹内侧前额叶皮层和邻近的亚属前扣带皮层为中心的心理化网络功能低下。虽然发育因素可能会促进动物的非人化,但大脑疾病,如额颞叶痴呆,主要促进机械的非人化。将这两个过程视为不同的、具有不同神经生物学起源的过程,可能有助于指导减轻这种行为表达的努力。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
68
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology (CBN) is a forum for advances in the neurologic understanding and possible treatment of human disorders that affect thinking, learning, memory, communication, and behavior. As an incubator for innovations in these fields, CBN helps transform theory into practice. The journal serves clinical research, patient care, education, and professional advancement. The journal welcomes contributions from neurology, cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry, and other relevant fields. The editors particularly encourage review articles (including reviews of clinical practice), experimental and observational case reports, instructional articles for interested students and professionals in other fields, and innovative articles that do not fit neatly into any category. Also welcome are therapeutic trials and other experimental and observational studies, brief reports, first-person accounts of neurologic experiences, position papers, hypotheses, opinion papers, commentaries, historical perspectives, and book reviews.
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