Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology最新文献_第10页

Altered Allocation of Vertical Attention in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder. 自闭症谱系障碍个体纵向注意力分配的改变。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000342

Alisha J Steigerwald, Bradley J Ferguson, Nanan Nuraini, Joseph C Barnett, Nicole Takahashi, Rachel Zamzow, Kenneth M Heilman, David Q Beversdorf

{"title":"Altered Allocation of Vertical Attention in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Alisha J Steigerwald, Bradley J Ferguson, Nanan Nuraini, Joseph C Barnett, Nicole Takahashi, Rachel Zamzow, Kenneth M Heilman, David Q Beversdorf","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000342","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000342","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Typical adults most frequently orient their attention to other people's eyes, whereas individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) orient their attention to other people's mouths. Typical adults also reveal visuospatial biases on tasks such as vertical and horizontal line bisections. Therefore, the difference in face viewing might be related to a more general group difference in the allocation of vertical attention.Objective: To use vertical line bisection and quadrisection tasks to evaluate whether individuals with ASD have a more downward-oriented vertical attentional bias than do typical individuals.Method: We recruited 20 individuals with ASD and 20 control participants matched for age (6-23 years), IQ, and sex. We asked the individuals to bisect and quadrisect lines on the top and bottom when the vertical lines were placed at the intersection of their right, left, and center egocentric sagittal planes and their coronal plane. The distances from the true midpoint and quadripoint were measured, and between-group performances were compared.Results: No significant difference was found between the ASD and control groups for vertical line bisections or lower line quadrisections. However, when the ASD group was compared with the control group for higher line quadrisections, the ASD group exhibited a greater upward deviation.Conclusion: There is no downward vertical attentional spatial bias associated with ASD that could help to explain these individuals' attentional bias toward the mouth. However, additional studies are required to learn if this atypical upward vertical attentional bias might account for some of the symptoms and signs associated with ASD.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"36 3","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10536802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Implications of Moral Neuroscience for Brain Disease: Review and Update. 道德神经科学对脑部疾病的影响：回顾与更新。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000344

Mario F Mendez

{"title":"The Implications of Moral Neuroscience for Brain Disease: Review and Update.","authors":"Mario F Mendez","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000344","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000344","url":null,"abstract":"The last 2 decades have seen an explosion of neuroscience research on morality, with significant implications for brain disease. Many studies have proposed a neuromorality based on intuitive sentiments or emotions aimed at maintaining collaborative social groups. These moral emotions are normative, deontological, and action based, with a rapid evaluation of intentionality. The neuromoral circuitry interacts with the basic mechanisms of socioemotional cognition, including social perception, behavioral control, theory of mind, and social emotions such as empathy. Moral transgressions may result from primary disorders of moral intuitions, or they may be secondary moral impairments from disturbances in these other socioemotional cognitive mechanisms. The proposed neuromoral system for moral intuitions has its major hub in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and engages other frontal regions as well as the anterior insulae, anterior temporal lobe structures, and right temporoparietal junction and adjacent posterior superior temporal sulcus. Brain diseases that affect these regions, such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, may result in primary disturbances of moral behavior, including criminal behavior. Individuals with focal brain tumors and other lesions in the right temporal and medial frontal regions have committed moral violations. These transgressions can have social and legal consequences for the individuals and require increased awareness of neuromoral disturbances among such individuals with brain diseases.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"36 3","pages":"133-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10165275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 1.3 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000346

Danielle C Farrar, Ronald J Killiany, Mark B Moss, Brandi Fink, Andrew E Budson

{"title":"Event-related Potentials Corresponding to Decision-making Under Uncertain Conditions.","authors":"Danielle C Farrar, Ronald J Killiany, Mark B Moss, Brandi Fink, Andrew E Budson","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000346","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000346","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Decision-making is essential to human functioning, and resolving uncertainty is an essential part of decision-making. Impaired decision-making is present in many pathological conditions, and identifying markers of decision-making under uncertainty will provide a measure of clinical impact in future studies of therapeutic intervention for impaired decision-making.Objective: To describe EEG event-related potentials (ERPs) correlating with decision-making under uncertain conditions when compared with certain conditions.Method: We used a novel card-matching task based on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test to describe the neural correlates of uncertainty, as measured by EEG, in a group of 27 neurotypical individuals. We evaluated 500-ms intervals in the 2 seconds after card presentation to identify ERPs that are associated with maximal uncertainty compared with maximal certainty.Results: After correcting for multiple comparisons, we identified an ERP in the 500-1000-ms time frame (certain > uncertain, max amplitude 12.73 µV, latency 914 ms) in the left posterior inferior region of the scalp. We also found a P300-like ERP in the left frontal and parietal regions in the 0-500-ms time frame when the individuals received correct versus incorrect feedback (incorrect feedback > correct feedback, max amplitude 1.625 µV, latency 339 ms).Conclusion: We identified an ERP in the 500-1000-ms time frame (certain > uncertain) that may reflect the resolution of uncertainty, as well as a P300-like ERP when feedback is presented (incorrect feedback > correct feedback). These findings can be used in future studies to improve decision-making and resolve uncertainty on the described markers.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"36 3","pages":"166-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10538219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A History of Present Illness. 现病史。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000336

Howard S Kirshner

引用次数: 0

A Selective Hand Posture Apraxia in an Individual With Posterior Cortical Atrophy and Probable Corticobasal Syndrome. 一名患有后皮质萎缩和可能的皮质鼻综合征的患者的选择性手部姿势失调症。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000339

Tomohiro Omori, Michitaka Funayama, Sachiko Anamizu, Mei Ishikawa, Richi Niida, Hajime Tabuchi

{"title":"A Selective Hand Posture Apraxia in an Individual With Posterior Cortical Atrophy and Probable Corticobasal Syndrome.","authors":"Tomohiro Omori, Michitaka Funayama, Sachiko Anamizu, Mei Ishikawa, Richi Niida, Hajime Tabuchi","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000339","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000339","url":null,"abstract":"A selective impairment for making hand postures that are required to use specific tools has rarely been reported in individuals with acquired brain injury, and such an impairment has not been documented at all in individuals with degenerative disorders. We describe an individual with posterior cortical atrophy and probable corticobasal syndrome who was unable to use tools because of an inability to make the proper hand posture required for each tool. This individual was, however, able to use the tools properly once her hand postures were corrected, and her ability to manipulate the tools (ie, timing, arm posture, and amplitude) was intact. Also, she had no difficulty with a test of her manipulation knowledge. Areas of hypoperfusion observed by single-photon emission computerized tomography included the anterior intraparietal sulcus in the left parietal lobe, which is an area that has been proposed to control hand postures. This selective impairment might be explained by the reasoning-based hypothesis for apraxia, which attributes hand posture errors in the absence of manipulation errors to dysfunction in one of the three independent pathways that subserve tool use, rather than the manipulation-based hypothesis for apraxia, which attributes hand posture errors to impaired manipulation knowledge. This is the first case with a degenerative disorder that revealed a selective impairment for making hand postures for tool use, which might be explained mainly by apraxia of hand postures along with visuospatial dysfunction (simultanagnosia) and/or sensory disturbance.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"36 2","pages":"118-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9580078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Memoriam: Murray Grossman, EdD, MD: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Mourns the Loss of a Leader in the Field. 《记忆》：Murray Grossman，EdD，医学博士：认知与行为神经病学哀悼失去一位该领域的领导者。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000343

引用次数: 0

In Memoriam: Murray Grossman, EdD, MD: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Mourns the Loss of a Leader in the Field. 纪念：默里·格罗斯曼，教育学博士，医学博士：认知和行为神经学悼念该领域的一位领导者。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000343

引用次数: 0

All That Moves Us: A Pediatric Neurosurgeon, His Young Patients, and Their Stories of Grace and Resilience. 《感动我们的一切》：一位儿科神经外科医生，他的年轻患者，以及他们的优雅和坚韧故事。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000327

Howard S Kirshner

引用次数: 0

Acute Mania and Psychosis in the Context of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Systematic Review of the Literature. 原发性肾上腺功能不全背景下的急性躁狂和精神病：文献的系统回顾。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000340

Andrew Ovakimyan, Neal A Patel, Nolan J Brown, Taylor Reardon, Gianna Fote, Julian Gendreau

{"title":"Acute Mania and Psychosis in the Context of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Systematic Review of the Literature.","authors":"Andrew Ovakimyan, Neal A Patel, Nolan J Brown, Taylor Reardon, Gianna Fote, Julian Gendreau","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000340","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000340","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Given the sparse nature of acute mania or psychosis in primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), physicians may not be aware of the association of these two entities.Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature for the purpose of identifying all studies reporting mania and/or psychosis in individuals with PAI.Method: We conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from June 22, 1970 to June 22, 2021, for the purpose of identifying all studies reporting instances of mania or psychosis associated with PAI.Results: We identified nine case reports featuring nine patients (M age = 43.3 years, male = 44.4%) over eight countries that fit our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eight (89%) of the patients had experienced psychosis. Manic and/or psychotic symptom resolution was achieved in 100% of the cases, of which steroid replacement therapy was efficacious in seven (78%) cases and was sufficient in six (67%).Conclusion: Acute mania and psychosis in the context of PAI is a very rare presentation of an already uncommon disease. Resolution of acute psychiatric change is reliably achieved with the correction of underlying adrenal insufficiency.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"36 2","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9582770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Neuroanatomy of Poststroke Subjective Sensory Hypersensitivity. 脑卒中后主观感觉超敏的神经解剖学。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000341

Hella Thielen, Nora Tuts, Christophe Lafosse, Céline Raymond Gillebert

{"title":"The Neuroanatomy of Poststroke Subjective Sensory Hypersensitivity.","authors":"Hella Thielen, Nora Tuts, Christophe Lafosse, Céline Raymond Gillebert","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000341","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000341","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although subjective sensory hypersensitivity is prevalent after stroke, it is rarely recognized by health care providers, and its neural mechanisms are largely unknown.Objective: To investigate the neuroanatomy of poststroke subjective sensory hypersensitivity as well as the sensory modalities in which subjective sensory hypersensitivity can occur by conducting both a systematic literature review and a multiple case study of patients with subjective sensory hypersensitivity.Method: For the systematic review, we searched three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) for empirical articles discussing the neuroanatomy of poststroke subjective sensory hypersensitivity in humans. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the case reports critical appraisal tool and summarized the results using a qualitative synthesis. For the multiple case study, we administered a patient-friendly sensory sensitivity questionnaire to three individuals with a subacute right-hemispheric stroke and a matched control group and delineated brain lesions on a clinical brain scan.Results: Our systematic literature search resulted in four studies (describing eight stroke patients), all of which linked poststroke subjective sensory hypersensitivity to insular lesions. The results of our multiple case study indicated that all three stroke patients reported an atypically high sensitivity to different sensory modalities. These patients' lesions overlapped with the right anterior insula, the claustrum, and the Rolandic operculum.Conclusion: Both our systematic literature review and our multiple case study provide preliminary evidence for a role of the insula in poststroke subjective sensory hypersensitivity and suggest that poststroke subjective sensory hypersensitivity can occur in different sensory modalities.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"36 2","pages":"68-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9635287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0