{"title":"Disconnected Motor Intention and Spatial Attention in a Case of Probable Marchiafava-Bignami Disease.","authors":"Shunsuke Kobayashi, Masaki Hirose, Yukiko Akutsu, Kazumi Hirayama, Yoshinori Ishida, Yoshikazu Ugawa","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000274","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare complication of chronic alcoholism that typically causes demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. Here, we report a man with probable MBD with callosal and right medial paracentral lesions who presented with abnormal reaching behavior and ideomotor apraxia of the left hand. He exhibited difficulty in reaching with the left hand when a target object was placed on his right-hand side, and he exhibited rightward bias when using his right hand in a line bisection task. These disturbances in reaching suggest disruption of the top-down control of motor intention and spatial attention at the corpus callosum.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"34 3","pages":"226-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39378552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brain F-18 FDG and F-18 FP-CIT PET/CT Findings of c.856_860delCTCTA Mutation McLeod Syndrome.","authors":"Ho-Sung Ryu, Chae Moon Hong","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000267","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>McLeod syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations of the XK gene. It is one of the core neuroacanthocytosis syndromes. We report the case of a 67-year-old man who presented to Kyungpook National University Hospital in the Republic of Korea with progressive worsening of generalized chorea and dystonia. He had no recognized family history of neurologic illness. A peripheral blood smear showed increased acanthocytes. His serum creatine kinase levels were 894 U/L. A brain MRI showed atrophy of the bilateral striatal nuclei. An F-18 F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane PET/CT showed moderately decreased dopamine transporter uptake in the putamen and severely decreased uptake in the caudate nucleus. An F-18 fludeoxyglucose PET/CT demonstrated markedly decreased metabolism at the caudate nucleus and the putamen. Whole exome sequencing revealed hemizygous pathogenic mutations of the XK gene (c.856_860delCTCTA;p.Leu286TyrfsTer16). We believe that these findings provide useful information regarding the clinical features of individuals with McLeod syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"34 3","pages":"207-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39394199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and Related Factors in Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis.","authors":"Seher Kir, İdris Kirhan, Melda Dilek","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The quality of life of individuals undergoing hemodialysis is related to many factors, including sleep disorders.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in individuals undergoing hemodialysis and to assess the effect of clinical and biochemical parameters on their sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive survey in multiple hemodialysis centers. Individuals were interviewed using a questionnaire for obtaining general personal information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing sleep quality, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for assessing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 338 individuals with a median age of 55 years. Poor sleep quality (PSQ) and EDS were present in 41.4% and 6.5% of the individuals, respectively. The individuals' PSQI scores were significantly proportional to their ESS scores. Concerns about the disease and its treatment (60.7%) and poor physical conditions (35.7%) were major reported reasons for PSQ. In a logistic regression analysis, female gender, household income, ESS score, chronic heart failure, and creatinine and parathormone levels were found to be independent predictors of PSQ; household income, PSQ presence, parathormone and potassium levels, and urea reduction ratio were found to be independent predictors of EDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sleep disorders are common in individuals undergoing hemodialysis and are related to gender, comorbid diseases, poor economic state, altered biochemical values, dialysis timing, and concerns about the disease and its treatment. Improving these individuals' quality of life through adequate psychological and financial support and early diagnosis of sleep disorders should decrease their mortality and morbidity rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"34 3","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39394194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleni Peristeri, Lambros Messinis, Mary H Kosmidis, Grigorios Nasios, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Vasileios Siokas, Athina-Maria Aloizou, Anastasios Kotrotsios, Maria Andreou, Efthimios Dardiotis
{"title":"The Impact of Primary Progressive Aphasia on Picture Naming and General Language Ability.","authors":"Eleni Peristeri, Lambros Messinis, Mary H Kosmidis, Grigorios Nasios, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Vasileios Siokas, Athina-Maria Aloizou, Anastasios Kotrotsios, Maria Andreou, Efthimios Dardiotis","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by progressive deterioration of language while other cognitive domains remain relatively intact. The extent to which print exposure and cortical volume atrophy jointly influence picture naming and general language ability in individuals with PPA remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the language performance of individuals with the nonfluent variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and to explore the impact of print exposure and cortical volume atrophy on their language ability.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We compared 14 Greek individuals with nfvPPA and similar age, education, disease duration, and cognitive ability with age-, gender- and education-matched Greek controls on picture naming and on language tasks of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination-Short Form, including oral word reading, word and sentence repetition, complex ideational material, and reading comprehension. The effects of print exposure and left-hemisphere cortical volume on the individuals' language performance were estimated through stepwise regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The language performance of the individuals with nfvPPA was affected by print exposure and cortical volume atrophy. Picture naming and word reading were affected by print exposure. The highest contributions of cortical volume atrophy were found for the repetition, complex ideational material, and reading comprehension tasks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Print exposure and cortical volume atrophy may help explain variability in the language performance of nfvPPA individuals with similar age, education, disease duration, and cognitive ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"34 3","pages":"188-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39394197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefania Basilico, Andrea Ciricugno, Giorgio Gelosa, Francesca G Magnani, Lorena Mosca, Cristina Popescu, Valentina Garibotto, Maurizio Sberna, Eraldo Paulesu, Gabriella Bottini
{"title":"Clinical Characterization of Atypical Primary Progressive Aphasia in a 3-Year Longitudinal Study: A Case Report.","authors":"Stefania Basilico, Andrea Ciricugno, Giorgio Gelosa, Francesca G Magnani, Lorena Mosca, Cristina Popescu, Valentina Garibotto, Maurizio Sberna, Eraldo Paulesu, Gabriella Bottini","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) is the most recent variant of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) to be identified; thus far, it has been poorly investigated. Despite being typically associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), lvPPA has recently been linked to frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD), with distinctive cognitive and neural features that are worthy of further investigation. Here, we describe the neuropsychological and linguistic profile, as well as cerebral abnormalities, of an individual exhibiting PPA and carrying a pathogenetic variant in the GRN gene, from a 3-year longitudinal perspective. The individual's initial profile resembled lvPPA because it was characterized by word-finding difficulties and phonological errors in spontaneous speech in addition to sentence repetition and phonological short-term memory impairments. The individual's structural and metabolic imaging data demonstrated left temporal and bilateral frontal atrophy and hypometabolism, respectively. On follow-up, as the pathology progressed, dysprosody, stereotypical speech patterns, agrammatism, and orofacial apraxia appeared, suggesting an overlap with the nonfluent variant of PPA (nfvPPA). Severe sentence comprehension impairment also became evident. Our longitudinal and multidisciplinary diagnostic approach allowed us to better characterize the progression of a GRN-positive lvPPA profile, providing neuropsychological and imaging indicators that might be helpful to improve classification between different PPA variants and to address a nosological issue. Finally, we discuss the importance of early diagnosis of PPA given the possible overlap between different PPA variants during the progression of the pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"34 3","pages":"233-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39378553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dustin B Hammers, Brian D Gradwohl, Amanda Kucera, Tracy J Abildskov, Elisabeth A Wilde, Robert J Spencer
{"title":"Preliminary Validation of the Learning Ratio for the HVLT-R and BVMT-R in Older Adults.","authors":"Dustin B Hammers, Brian D Gradwohl, Amanda Kucera, Tracy J Abildskov, Elisabeth A Wilde, Robert J Spencer","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000277","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The learning slope is typically represented as the raw difference between the final score and the score of the first learning trial. A new method for calculating the learning slope, the learning ratio (LR), was recently developed; it is typically represented as the number of items that are learned after the first trial divided by the number of items that are yet to be learned.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the convergent and criterion validity of the LR in order to understand its sensitivity to Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-six patients from a memory clinic underwent standard neuropsychological assessment and quantitative brain imaging. LR scores were calculated from the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised and were compared with both standard memory measures and total hippocampal volumes, as well as between individuals with AD and those with mild cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower LR scores were consistently associated with poorer performances on standard memory measures and smaller total hippocampal volumes, generally more so than traditional learning slope scores. The LR scores of the AD group were smaller than those of the group with mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the aggregation of LR scores into a single metric was partially supported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LR is sensitive to AD pathology along the AD continuum. This result supports previous claims that the LR score can reflect learning capacity better than traditional learning calculations can by considering the amount of information that is learned at trial 1.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"34 3","pages":"170-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39394195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica A Kaczorowski, Nathan Doty, Amanda Shrewsbury, Alysa E Doyle, Queenie K-G Tan, Ellen Braaten
{"title":"Neuropsychological Profile of an Adolescent Female With Ectodermal Dysplasia With Hypohidrosis.","authors":"Jessica A Kaczorowski, Nathan Doty, Amanda Shrewsbury, Alysa E Doyle, Queenie K-G Tan, Ellen Braaten","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ectodermal dysplasias are a group of rare genetic disorders that are caused by abnormalities in cell and tissue development of the embryonic ectoderm. A paucity of research has systematically examined the cognitive, academic, and psychological phenotype of individuals with ectodermal dysplasia. We describe the neuropsychological profile of a female adolescent with ectodermal dysplasia with hypohidrosis. Using a battery of standardized tests, we assessed the adolescent's intellectual functioning, language processing, visuospatial and visuomotor functioning, perceptual reasoning, sensory-motor functioning, memory, executive functioning, academic functioning, emotional and behavioral functioning, and adaptive functioning. Results from the testing indicated that the adolescent possessed relative verbal strengths, with scores generally falling in the low average to average range. However, she exhibited severe deficits in visuospatial functioning, visuomotor construction/organization, visuomotor integration, visual memory, executive functioning, reading, and math. She also presented with symptoms of anxiety and depression but had relatively strong adaptive skills. Based on the testing results from our evaluation, the adolescent met the criteria for specific learning disorders with impairment in reading and math, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to comprehensively characterize the full neuropsychological and academic profile of an adolescent female with ectodermal dysplasia with hypohidrosis. Recommendations from the evaluation are presented to inform clinical practice with, and future research of, this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"34 3","pages":"212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39378550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juebin Huang, Mark Cohen, Jiri Safar, Alexander P Auchus
{"title":"Variably Protease-sensitive Prionopathy in a Middle-aged Man With Rapidly Progressive Dementia.","authors":"Juebin Huang, Mark Cohen, Jiri Safar, Alexander P Auchus","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000276","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr) is a recently described sporadic prion disease with distinctive clinical and histopathological features. We report the clinical, imaging, and neuropathological features of VPSPr in a 46-year-old right-handed man who presented with progressive cognitive decline, behavior disturbances, and a 50-pound weight loss over 6 months. The initial evaluation revealed severe cognitive impairment with no focal neurologic deficits. His cognitive, psychiatric, and behavior symptoms progressed rapidly, and he died 12 months after the initial visit. Throughout his disease course, workup for rapid progressive dementia was unremarkable except that brain MRI diffusion-weighted imaging showed persistent diffuse cortical and thalamic signal abnormalities. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was highly suspected; however, two EEGs (8 months apart) demonstrated only nonspecific cerebral dysfunction. The patient's CSF 14-3-3 protein was negative at the initial visit and again 8 months later. His CSF real-time quaking-induced conversion and total tau level were normal. An autopsy of his brain was performed, and the neuropathological findings confirmed VPSPr. Our case underlines the importance of considering VPSPr in the spectrum of prion disease phenotypes when evaluating individuals with rapidly progressive dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"34 3","pages":"220-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8803003/pdf/nihms-1718723.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39378551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maiya Smith, Nicholas Van, Alyssa Roberts, Kalei R J Hosaka, So Yung Choi, Jason Viereck, Enrique Carrazana, Pat Borman, John J Chen, Kore Kai Liow
{"title":"Disparities in Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.","authors":"Maiya Smith, Nicholas Van, Alyssa Roberts, Kalei R J Hosaka, So Yung Choi, Jason Viereck, Enrique Carrazana, Pat Borman, John J Chen, Kore Kai Liow","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000279","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies of racial differences in Alzheimer disease (AD) presentation have not included Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the presentation of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in NHPI.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of patient records from Hawaii with a diagnosis of unspecified AD or MCI from September 2000 to September 2019. Variables of interest included age at diagnosis, gender, race, marital status, insurance, comorbidities, and scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reviewed the medical records of 598 patients, including 224 Asians, 202 Whites, 87 NHPI, and 85 Other. AD was more dominant than MCI across all of the groups, with the highest percentage in NHPI. Among the mean ages of diagnosis, NHPI were the youngest. Across all groups, a higher proportion of women than men had AD, with the highest female prevalence among NHPI. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type II diabetes were highest among NHPI compared with the other groups. Of individuals with MMSE/MoCA scores, there were significant variations in scores by racial group. The mean MMSE/MoCA score was highest among Whites and lowest among NHPI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with other racial groups, NHPI have a higher proportion of AD than MCI at diagnosis, are diagnosed at a younger age, have a higher female prevalence, have more comorbidities that may contribute to AD/MCI onset, and present with lower MMSE scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"34 3","pages":"200-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8425603/pdf/nihms-1718724.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39394198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Q Beversdorf, Haikady N Nagaraja, Robert A Bornstein, Douglas W Scharre
{"title":"The Effect of Donepezil on Problem-solving Ability in Individuals With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study.","authors":"David Q Beversdorf, Haikady N Nagaraja, Robert A Bornstein, Douglas W Scharre","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000280","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical trials involving individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have reported mixed results for the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on cognitive outcomes. Our previous work demonstrated that a visuospatial problem-solving task was sensitive to non-memory impairments in individuals with MCI.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether the same task is also sensitive to the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors in individuals with amnestic MCI (aMCI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We gave 22 individuals with aMCI (clinical dementia rating of 0.5) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of at least 24 the following measures at baseline and at follow-up 1 year later: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Boston Naming Test, Rey Complex Figures Test copying task, anagrams task, and visuospatial problem-solving task. The MMSE was also given at the 1-year follow-up. Twelve of the individuals were drug naïve, having never taken cholinesterase inhibitors before, and donepezil was initiated and titrated to 10 mg daily after baseline in an open-label manner. Ten of the individuals had already been taking donepezil, and there was no change in treatment. We compared the two groups for amount of performance change over 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals for whom donepezil was initiated performed significantly better on the visuospatial problem-solving task after 1 year compared with individuals who had already been taking donepezil. No difference was observed for any of the other variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The visuospatial problem-solving task appeared to be more sensitive than memory measures to the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors in individuals with aMCI, perhaps due to the high attentional demand of the task.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"34 3","pages":"182-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8425600/pdf/nihms-1718919.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39394196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}