Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology最新文献_第4页

Physical Exercise and Serum BDNF Levels: Accounting for the Val66Met Polymorphism in Older Adults. 体育锻炼和血清BDNF水平:老年人Val66Met多态性的解释

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000349

Oda Bugge Kambestad, Kristine Sirevåg, Jelena Mrdalj, Anders Hovland, Trygve Bruun Endal, Eva Andersson, Trond Sjøbø, Silje Haukenes Stavestrand

{"title":"Physical Exercise and Serum BDNF Levels: Accounting for the Val66Met Polymorphism in Older Adults.","authors":"Oda Bugge Kambestad, Kristine Sirevåg, Jelena Mrdalj, Anders Hovland, Trygve Bruun Endal, Eva Andersson, Trond Sjøbø, Silje Haukenes Stavestrand","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000349","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000349","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, which can be measured in blood serum, has been found to increase with aerobic exercise. The link between BDNF level, physical exercise, and genetic status (Val66Met polymorphism) has not been well researched in older adults.Objective: To investigate the possible link between BDNF expression, acute aerobic exercise, and the Val66Met polymorphism in older adults.Method: Twenty-three healthy older adults participated in one session of acute aerobic exercise. Their serum BDNF levels were measured both at baseline and post exercise. Saliva samples were collected to identify each individual's genetic status.Results: At baseline, the individuals' mean serum BDNF level was 16.03 ng/mL (Val66Val = 15.89 ng/mL; Val66Met = 16.34 ng/mL); post exercise, the individuals' mean serum BDNF level was 16.81 ng/mL (Val66Val = 16.14 ng/mL; Val66Met = 18.34 ng/mL).Conclusion: One session of acute aerobic exercise significantly increased the individuals' mean serum BDNF level. Males had higher BDNF levels than females. There was a significant interaction between gender and BDNF expression post exercise and a significant between-group effect of gender. The Val66Met carriers had a more positive response to the acute aerobic exercise compared with the Val66Val carriers, although without a significant difference between the two groups.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9751348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why We Forget and How to Remember Better: The Science Behind Memory. 为什么我们会忘记以及如何更好地记住:记忆背后的科学。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000351

Howard S Kirshner

引用次数: 0

A History of Present Illness. 现病史。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000336

Howard S Kirshner

引用次数: 0

Differences in Implicit Attitudes in West and East Germans as Measured by the Go/NoGo Association Task and Event-related EEG Potentials. 通过Go/NoGo关联任务和事件相关脑电图电位测量的西德人和东德人内隐态度的差异。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000338

Tobias A Wagner-Altendorf, Arie H van der Lugt, Anna Kroeber, Anna Cirkel, Marcus Heldmann, Thomas F Münte

{"title":"Differences in Implicit Attitudes in West and East Germans as Measured by the Go/NoGo Association Task and Event-related EEG Potentials.","authors":"Tobias A Wagner-Altendorf, Arie H van der Lugt, Anna Kroeber, Anna Cirkel, Marcus Heldmann, Thomas F Münte","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000338","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000338","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Implicit social cognition refers to attitudes and stereotypes that may reside outside conscious awareness and control but that still affect human behavior. In particular, the implicit favoritism of an ingroup, to which an individual belongs, as opposed to an outgroup, to which the individual does not belong, characterized as ingroup bias, is of interest and is investigated here.Method: We used a Go/NoGo association task (GNAT) and behavioral and electroencephalographic (event-related EEG potential [ERP] analysis) measures to investigate the implicit bias toward cities in East Germany, West Germany, and Europe, in 16 individuals each from West and East Germany (mixed gender, M age = 24). The GNAT assesses an individual's Go and NoGo responses for a given association between a target category and either pole (positive or negative) of an evaluative dimension.Results: Behavioral measures revealed slightly faster reaction times to the combination of European city names and negative, as compared with positive, evaluative words in both groups. ERP analysis showed an increased negativity at 400-800 ms poststimulus in the incongruent conditions of East German city/positive word pairings (in West Germans) and West German city/positive word pairings (in East Germans).Conclusion: An implicitly moderately negative evaluation of Europe by both groups was exhibited based on the behavioral data, and an increased level of conflict arising from the \"incongruent\" pairings (ie, as manifestation of an implicitly negative attitude toward East Germany in West Germans, and toward West Germany in East Germans) was exhibited based on the electrophysiological data.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10536783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal Imaging in a Patient With Opioid-associated Amnestic Syndrome. 阿片类药物相关AmnesticSyndrome患者的纵向成像。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000347

Jed A Barash, Jeremy D Schmahmann, Zhongcong Xie, Michael H Lev, Georges El Fakhri

{"title":"Longitudinal Imaging in a Patient With Opioid-associated Amnestic Syndrome.","authors":"Jed A Barash, Jeremy D Schmahmann, Zhongcong Xie, Michael H Lev, Georges El Fakhri","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000347","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000347","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2012, individuals with a history of opioid misuse have infrequently been observed to develop a sudden-onset amnestic syndrome associated with bilateral hippocampal-restricted diffusion on MRI. Follow-up imaging of this opioid-associated amnestic syndrome (OAS) has revealed persistent hippocampal abnormalities. Given these observations, as well as neuropathological studies demonstrating excessive tau deposition in the hippocampi and other brain regions of individuals with opioid misuse, we describe longitudinal imaging of a patient with a history of OAS from presentation through 53 months later, when tau positron emission tomography (PET) was performed. Our patient was a 21-year-old woman with a history of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder, including opioids (intravenous heroin), who was hospitalized for acute-onset, dense anterograde amnesia. Her urine toxicology screen was positive for opiates. On presentation, her brain MRI showed restricted diffusion as well as T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity of the hippocampi and globi pallidi. On day 3, magnetic resonance spectroscopy of a right hippocampal region of interest showed a mild reduction of N-acetyl aspartate/creatine, slight elevation of choline/creatine, and the appearance of lactate/lipid and glutamate/glutamine peaks. At 4.5 months, there was resolution of restricted diffusion on MRI, although a minimal anterior T2 and FLAIR hyperintense signal in the right hippocampus persisted. However, by 53 months, when mild memory loss was reported, the hippocampi appeared normal on MRI, and [ 18 F]T807 (tau) PET showed no uptake suggestive of tau deposition. This case report supports the investigation into the hypothesis that OAS may follow a trajectory of reversible metabolic injury.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10527331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Apathy in Spontaneous Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors: A Transdiagnostic Pilot Study in Neurodegeneration. 冷漠在自发语言和非语言行为中的作用:一项神经变性的跨诊断初步研究。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000345

Kristina S Horne, Amelia Ceslis, Philip Mosley, Robert Adam, Gail A Robinson

{"title":"The Role of Apathy in Spontaneous Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors: A Transdiagnostic Pilot Study in Neurodegeneration.","authors":"Kristina S Horne, Amelia Ceslis, Philip Mosley, Robert Adam, Gail A Robinson","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000345","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Apathy, characterized by a quantifiable reduction in motivation or goal-directed behavior, is a multidimensional syndrome that has been observed across many neurodegenerative diseases.Objective: To develop a novel task measuring spontaneous action initiation (ie, a nonverbal equivalent to spontaneous speech tasks) and to investigate the association between apathy and executive functions such as the voluntary initiation of speech and actions and energization (ie, ability to initiate and sustain a response).Method: We compared the energization and executive functioning performance of 10 individuals with neurodegenerative disease and clinically significant apathy with that of age-matched healthy controls (HC). We also investigated the association between self-reported scores on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and performance on energization tasks.Results: The individuals with apathy made significantly fewer task-related actions than the HC on the novel spontaneous action task, and their scores on the AES were negatively correlated with spontaneous task-related actions, providing preliminary evidence for the task's construct validity. In addition, the individuals with apathy performed more poorly than the HC on all of the energization tasks, regardless of task type or stimulus modality, suggesting difficulty in sustaining voluntary responding over time. Most of the tasks also correlated negatively with the AES score. However, the individuals with apathy also performed more poorly on some of the executive function tasks, particularly those involving self-monitoring.Conclusion: Our work presents a novel experimental task for measuring spontaneous action initiation-a key symptom of apathy-and suggests a possible contribution of apathy to neuropsychological deficits such as poor energization.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10537777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Altered Allocation of Vertical Attention in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder. 自闭症谱系障碍个体纵向注意力分配的改变。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000342

Alisha J Steigerwald, Bradley J Ferguson, Nanan Nuraini, Joseph C Barnett, Nicole Takahashi, Rachel Zamzow, Kenneth M Heilman, David Q Beversdorf

{"title":"Altered Allocation of Vertical Attention in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Alisha J Steigerwald, Bradley J Ferguson, Nanan Nuraini, Joseph C Barnett, Nicole Takahashi, Rachel Zamzow, Kenneth M Heilman, David Q Beversdorf","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000342","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Typical adults most frequently orient their attention to other people's eyes, whereas individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) orient their attention to other people's mouths. Typical adults also reveal visuospatial biases on tasks such as vertical and horizontal line bisections. Therefore, the difference in face viewing might be related to a more general group difference in the allocation of vertical attention.Objective: To use vertical line bisection and quadrisection tasks to evaluate whether individuals with ASD have a more downward-oriented vertical attentional bias than do typical individuals.Method: We recruited 20 individuals with ASD and 20 control participants matched for age (6-23 years), IQ, and sex. We asked the individuals to bisect and quadrisect lines on the top and bottom when the vertical lines were placed at the intersection of their right, left, and center egocentric sagittal planes and their coronal plane. The distances from the true midpoint and quadripoint were measured, and between-group performances were compared.Results: No significant difference was found between the ASD and control groups for vertical line bisections or lower line quadrisections. However, when the ASD group was compared with the control group for higher line quadrisections, the ASD group exhibited a greater upward deviation.Conclusion: There is no downward vertical attentional spatial bias associated with ASD that could help to explain these individuals' attentional bias toward the mouth. However, additional studies are required to learn if this atypical upward vertical attentional bias might account for some of the symptoms and signs associated with ASD.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10536802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Implications of Moral Neuroscience for Brain Disease: Review and Update. 道德神经科学对脑部疾病的影响:回顾与更新。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000344

Mario F Mendez

{"title":"The Implications of Moral Neuroscience for Brain Disease: Review and Update.","authors":"Mario F Mendez","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000344","url":null,"abstract":"The last 2 decades have seen an explosion of neuroscience research on morality, with significant implications for brain disease. Many studies have proposed a neuromorality based on intuitive sentiments or emotions aimed at maintaining collaborative social groups. These moral emotions are normative, deontological, and action based, with a rapid evaluation of intentionality. The neuromoral circuitry interacts with the basic mechanisms of socioemotional cognition, including social perception, behavioral control, theory of mind, and social emotions such as empathy. Moral transgressions may result from primary disorders of moral intuitions, or they may be secondary moral impairments from disturbances in these other socioemotional cognitive mechanisms. The proposed neuromoral system for moral intuitions has its major hub in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and engages other frontal regions as well as the anterior insulae, anterior temporal lobe structures, and right temporoparietal junction and adjacent posterior superior temporal sulcus. Brain diseases that affect these regions, such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, may result in primary disturbances of moral behavior, including criminal behavior. Individuals with focal brain tumors and other lesions in the right temporal and medial frontal regions have committed moral violations. These transgressions can have social and legal consequences for the individuals and require increased awareness of neuromoral disturbances among such individuals with brain diseases.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10165275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000346

Danielle C Farrar, Ronald J Killiany, Mark B Moss, Brandi Fink, Andrew E Budson

{"title":"Event-related Potentials Corresponding to Decision-making Under Uncertain Conditions.","authors":"Danielle C Farrar, Ronald J Killiany, Mark B Moss, Brandi Fink, Andrew E Budson","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000346","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Decision-making is essential to human functioning, and resolving uncertainty is an essential part of decision-making. Impaired decision-making is present in many pathological conditions, and identifying markers of decision-making under uncertainty will provide a measure of clinical impact in future studies of therapeutic intervention for impaired decision-making.Objective: To describe EEG event-related potentials (ERPs) correlating with decision-making under uncertain conditions when compared with certain conditions.Method: We used a novel card-matching task based on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test to describe the neural correlates of uncertainty, as measured by EEG, in a group of 27 neurotypical individuals. We evaluated 500-ms intervals in the 2 seconds after card presentation to identify ERPs that are associated with maximal uncertainty compared with maximal certainty.Results: After correcting for multiple comparisons, we identified an ERP in the 500-1000-ms time frame (certain > uncertain, max amplitude 12.73 µV, latency 914 ms) in the left posterior inferior region of the scalp. We also found a P300-like ERP in the left frontal and parietal regions in the 0-500-ms time frame when the individuals received correct versus incorrect feedback (incorrect feedback > correct feedback, max amplitude 1.625 µV, latency 339 ms).Conclusion: We identified an ERP in the 500-1000-ms time frame (certain > uncertain) that may reflect the resolution of uncertainty, as well as a P300-like ERP when feedback is presented (incorrect feedback > correct feedback). These findings can be used in future studies to improve decision-making and resolve uncertainty on the described markers.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10538219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Selective Hand Posture Apraxia in an Individual With Posterior Cortical Atrophy and Probable Corticobasal Syndrome. 一名患有后皮质萎缩和可能的皮质鼻综合征的患者的选择性手部姿势失调症。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000339

Tomohiro Omori, Michitaka Funayama, Sachiko Anamizu, Mei Ishikawa, Richi Niida, Hajime Tabuchi

{"title":"A Selective Hand Posture Apraxia in an Individual With Posterior Cortical Atrophy and Probable Corticobasal Syndrome.","authors":"Tomohiro Omori, Michitaka Funayama, Sachiko Anamizu, Mei Ishikawa, Richi Niida, Hajime Tabuchi","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000339","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000339","url":null,"abstract":"A selective impairment for making hand postures that are required to use specific tools has rarely been reported in individuals with acquired brain injury, and such an impairment has not been documented at all in individuals with degenerative disorders. We describe an individual with posterior cortical atrophy and probable corticobasal syndrome who was unable to use tools because of an inability to make the proper hand posture required for each tool. This individual was, however, able to use the tools properly once her hand postures were corrected, and her ability to manipulate the tools (ie, timing, arm posture, and amplitude) was intact. Also, she had no difficulty with a test of her manipulation knowledge. Areas of hypoperfusion observed by single-photon emission computerized tomography included the anterior intraparietal sulcus in the left parietal lobe, which is an area that has been proposed to control hand postures. This selective impairment might be explained by the reasoning-based hypothesis for apraxia, which attributes hand posture errors in the absence of manipulation errors to dysfunction in one of the three independent pathways that subserve tool use, rather than the manipulation-based hypothesis for apraxia, which attributes hand posture errors to impaired manipulation knowledge. This is the first case with a degenerative disorder that revealed a selective impairment for making hand postures for tool use, which might be explained mainly by apraxia of hand postures along with visuospatial dysfunction (simultanagnosia) and/or sensory disturbance.","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9580078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0