{"title":"The functional organisation of the centromere and kinetochore during meiosis","authors":"Lori B. Koch, Adele L. Marston","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meiosis generates gametes through a specialised cell cycle that reduces the genome by half. Homologous chromosomes are segregated in meiosis I and sister chromatids are segregated in meiosis II. Centromeres and kinetochores play central roles in instructing this specialised chromosome segregation pattern. Accordingly, kinetochores acquire meiosis-specific modifications. Here we contextualise recent highlights in our understanding of how centromeres and kinetochores direct the sorting of chromosomes into gametes via meiosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102486"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Amitrano , Debanik Choudhury , Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
{"title":"Navigating confinement: Mechanotransduction and metabolic adaptation","authors":"Alice Amitrano , Debanik Choudhury , Konstantinos Konstantopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cell migration through confined spaces is a critical process influenced by the complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the local microenvironment and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells <em>in vivo</em> experience diverse fluidic signals, such as extracellular fluid viscosity, hydraulic resistance, and shear forces, as well as solid cues, like ECM stiffness and viscoelasticity. These fluidic and solid stressors activate mechanotransduction processes and regulate cell migration. They also drive metabolic reprogramming, dynamically altering glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to meet the cell's energy demands in different microenvironments. This review discusses recent advances on the mechanisms of cell migration in confinement and how confinement-induced cellular behavior leads to metabolic reprogramming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102487"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Centrosome biogenesis and maintenance in homeostasis and disease","authors":"Camila Fernandes-Mariano , Joana N. Bugalhão , Diana Santos , Mónica Bettencourt-Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent technological advances in proteomics and microscopy techniques, such as cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and expansion microscopy (ExM), have enhanced our understanding of centrosome structure, biogenesis, and regulation. Here we discuss new insights into centrosome structure, highlight new regulatory mechanisms in centrosome biogenesis, and explore emerging concepts in centrosome maintenance and plasticity across different contexts. Furthermore, we review how centrosome biogenesis and homeostasis are dysregulated in various pathological conditions. We finalise by outlining outstanding questions in the field, how the mechanisms discussed are regulated across multiple contexts, the balance between centriole stability and plasticity, and the therapeutic potential of targeting centrosome dysfunction in disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102485"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Same but different: Centromere regulations in holocentric insects and plants","authors":"André Marques , Ines A. Drinnenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Centromeres are essential chromosomal regions responsible for ensuring proper chromosome segregation during cell division. Unlike monocentric chromosomes, which have a single centromeric region, holocentric chromosomes distribute centromeric activity along their entire length. This unique organization poses intriguing questions about its structure, function, and evolutionary origins. In this review, we outline recent advances in characterizing the molecular architectures of holocentric chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis, emphasizing both the shared features and lineage-specific adaptations that have evolved in plants and insects. A more detailed characterization of holocentric architectures across different lineages will also offer valuable insights into the potential mechanisms driving the evolutionary transition from monocentric to holocentric chromosomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102484"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda Bentley-DeSousa , Devin Clegg , Shawn M. Ferguson
{"title":"LRRK2, lysosome damage, and Parkinson's disease","authors":"Amanda Bentley-DeSousa , Devin Clegg , Shawn M. Ferguson","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limited understanding of regulatory mechanisms controlling LRRK2 kinase activity has hindered insights into both its normal biology and how its dysregulation contributes to Parkinson's disease. Fortunately, recent years have yielded an increased understanding of how LRRK2 kinase activity is dynamically regulated by recruitment to endolysosomal membranes. Notably, multiple small GTPases from the Rab family act as both activators and substrates of LRRK2. Additionally, it was recently discovered that LRRK2 is recruited to, and activated at, stressed or damaged lysosomes through an interaction with GABARAP via the CASM (conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes) pathway. These discoveries position LRRK2 within the rapidly growing field of lysosomal damage and repair mechanisms, offering important insights into lysosome biology and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102482"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The unconventional role of vimentin intermediate filaments","authors":"Xinyi Huang , Shuangshuang Zhao , Yifan Xing , Xuedi Gao , Chenglin Miao , Yuhan Huang , Yaming Jiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vimentin, a type III intermediate filament (IF) protein, is well-recognized for its role at the intersection of structural biology and cellular dynamics, influencing various pathways that determine cell fate and function. While these functions have been extensively characterized, there is still limited understanding of vimentin's broader impact beyond its traditional cytoskeletal roles in regulating a spectrum of cellular processes. This review explores the novel and unconventional roles of vimentin, with a focus on its extracellular functions, membrane receptor properties, and regulatory influence on gene expression and cellular metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102483"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organelle homeostasis requires ESCRTs","authors":"Tsan-Wen Lu, Adam Frost, Frank R. Moss III","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) catalyze membrane shape transformations throughout the cell. Canonical functions of the ESCRTs include endosomal multivesicular body biogenesis, enveloped virus budding, and abscission of daughter cell plasma membranes. The ESCRT machinery is also required for membranous organelle homeostasis generally, including by facilitating lipid transport at membrane contact sites, repairing membrane damage, driving lysosomal catabolism, and maintaining nuclear envelope integrity, among other roles. Here, we review a subset of recent discoveries and highlight opportunities to better understand how ESCRT activities support cell health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102481"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pioneer factors outline chromatin architecture","authors":"Juan Carlos Gómora-García, Mayra Furlan-Magaril","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pioneer factors are transcription factors capable of binding to nucleosomal DNA, initiating chromatin opening, and facilitating gene expression. By overcoming nucleosomes, pioneer factors enable cellular reprogramming, tissue-specific gene expression, and genome response to external stimuli. Here we discuss the recent literature on how pioneer factors modulate chromatin architecture at multiple levels, from local chromatin accessibility to large-scale genome organization, including chromatin compartments, topologically associating domains, and enhancer-promoter looping. Understanding the mechanisms by which pioneer factors modulate chromatin organization dynamics is key to understand their broader impact on gene expression regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102480"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Replication-transcription symbiosis in the mammalian nucleus: The art of living together","authors":"Joana Segura, María Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Similarly to life in our planet, where thousands of species inhabit the same ecosystem, the cell nucleus hosts different essential processes that share the same territory, making the interaction between them unavoidable. DNA replication and transcription are essential processes that copy and decode the information contained in our genomes, sharing -and competing for- the same chromatin template. Both activities are executed by large macromolecular machines with similar requirements to access the DNA, remodel the nucleosomes ahead of them and reassemble the chromatin make-up behind. Mechanistically, both processes cannot simultaneously act on the same DNA sequence, but emerging evidence shows that they frequently interact. Here we revise recent data on how transcription and replication occur in chromatin highlighting the symbiotic relationship between both processes, which might help explain how their activities contribute to shape the structure and function of the mammalian genome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102479"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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