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Current Opinion in Genetics & Development最新文献

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Novelty versus innovation of gene regulatory elements in human evolution and disease 人类进化和疾病中基因调控元件的新颖性与创新性
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102279
Anushka Katikaneni , Craig B Lowe
{"title":"Novelty versus innovation of gene regulatory elements in human evolution and disease","authors":"Anushka Katikaneni ,&nbsp;Craig B Lowe","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is not currently understood how much of human evolution is due to modifying existing functional elements in the genome versus forging novel elements from nonfunctional DNA. Many early experiments that aimed to assign genetic changes on the human lineage to their resulting phenotypic change have focused on mutations that modify existing elements. However, a number of recent studies have highlighted the potential ease and importance of forging novel gene regulatory elements from nonfunctional sequences on the human lineage. In this review, we distinguish gene regulatory element novelty from innovation. We propose definitions for these terms and emphasize their importance in studying the genetic basis of human uniqueness. We discuss why the forging of novel regulatory elements may have been less emphasized during the previous decades, and why novel regulatory elements are likely to play a significant role in both human adaptation and disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Circuit integration by transplanted human neurons 移植人体神经元的电路整合
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102225
Qiang Yuan , Su-Chun Zhang
{"title":"Circuit integration by transplanted human neurons","authors":"Qiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Su-Chun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transplantation-based cell therapy holds the potential to offer sustained and physiological repair for neurological diseases and injuries, which requires the integration of transplanted neurons into the neural circuits of the human brain. Recent studies involving transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell–derived neural progenitors into the brain of model animals reveal the remarkable capacity of grafted immature human neurons to mature, project axons in a long distance, and form both pre- and postsynaptic connections with host neurons, corresponding to functional recovery. Strikingly, this circuit integration depends largely on the identity of the transplanted cells and may be modified by external stimuli. This realization begs for enriched authentic target cells for transplantation and combination with rehabilitation for better therapeutic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unveiling the potential: implications of successful somatic cell-to-ganglion organoid reprogramming 揭示潜能：体细胞到神经节类器官成功重编程的意义
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102227
Dongchang Xiao , Shuting Liu , Mengqing Xiang
{"title":"Unveiling the potential: implications of successful somatic cell-to-ganglion organoid reprogramming","authors":"Dongchang Xiao ,&nbsp;Shuting Liu ,&nbsp;Mengqing Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organoids have a wide range of potential applications in areas such as organ development, precision medicine, regenerative medicine, drug screening, disease modeling, and gene editing. Currently, most organoids are generated through three-dimensional (3D) <em>in vitro</em> culture of adult stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. However, this method of generating organoids still has several limitations and challenges, including complex manipulations, costly culturing materials, extended time requirements, and certain heterogeneity. Recently, we have found that fibroblasts, when overexpressing several key regulatory transcription factors, are able to directly and rapidly generate two types of ganglion organoids: sensory ganglion (SG) and autonomic ganglion (AG) organoids. They have structures and electrophysiological properties similar to those of endogenous organs in the body. Here, we provide a brief overview of organoid development, focusing on direct reprogramming of SG and AG organoids and their transplantation and regeneration. Finally, the advantages and prospects of direct reprogramming of organoids are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Control of cell fate upon transcription factor–driven cardiac reprogramming 转录因子驱动的心脏重编程对细胞命运的控制
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102226
Huitong Shi , Brian M Spurlock , Jiandong Liu , Li Qian
{"title":"Control of cell fate upon transcription factor–driven cardiac reprogramming","authors":"Huitong Shi ,&nbsp;Brian M Spurlock ,&nbsp;Jiandong Liu ,&nbsp;Li Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adult mammals are susceptible to substantial cardiomyocyte (CM) loss following various cardiac diseases due to the limited capacity of CM proliferation and regeneration. Recently, direct cardiac reprogramming, converting fibroblasts into induced CMs, has been achieved both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> through forced expression of transcription factors (TFs). This review encapsulates the advancements made in enhancing reprogramming efficiency and underlying molecular mechanisms. It covers the optimization of TF-based reprogramming cocktails and <em>in vivo</em> delivery platform and recently identified regulators in enhancing reprogramming efficiency. In addition, we discuss recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of direct cardiac reprogramming from single-cell omics analyses. Finally, we briefly touch on remaining challenges and prospective direction of this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic factors mediating long-range enhancer–promoter communication in mammalian development 哺乳动物发育过程中介导长程增强子-启动子通讯的遗传因素
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102282
Grace Bower, Evgeny Z Kvon
{"title":"Genetic factors mediating long-range enhancer–promoter communication in mammalian development","authors":"Grace Bower,&nbsp;Evgeny Z Kvon","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancers are remotely located noncoding DNA sequences that regulate gene expression in response to developmental, homeostatic, and environmental cues. Canonical short-range enhancers located &lt;50 kb from their cognate promoters function by binding transcription factors, coactivators, and chromatin modifiers. In this review, we discuss recent evidence that medium-range (50–400 kb) and long-range (&gt;400 kb) enhancers rely on additional mechanisms, including cohesin, CCCTC-binding factor, and high-affinity protein–protein interactions. These mechanisms are crucial for establishing the physical proximity and interaction between enhancers and their target promoters over extended genomic distances and ensuring robust gene activation during mammalian development. Future studies will be critical to unravel their prevalence and evolutionary significance across various genomic loci, cell types, and species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial overview: Drivers, droplets, and deeds of nuclear genome organization 编辑综述：核基因组组织的驱动力、液滴和契约。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102281
Maya Capelson , Eda Yildirim
{"title":"Editorial overview: Drivers, droplets, and deeds of nuclear genome organization","authors":"Maya Capelson ,&nbsp;Eda Yildirim","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Archaic hominin admixture and its consequences for modern humans 古人类混居及其对现代人类的影响。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102280
Debashree Tagore, Joshua M Akey
{"title":"Archaic hominin admixture and its consequences for modern humans","authors":"Debashree Tagore,&nbsp;Joshua M Akey","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As anatomically modern humans dispersed out of Africa, they encountered and mated with now extinct hominins, including Neanderthals and Denisovans. It is now well established that all non-African individuals derive approximately 2% of their genome from Neanderthal ancestors and individuals of Melanesian and Australian aboriginal ancestry inherited an additional 2%–5% of their genomes from Denisovan ancestors. Attention has started to shift from documenting amounts of archaic admixture and identifying introgressed segments to understanding their molecular, phenotypic, and evolutionary consequences and refining models of human history. Here, we review recent insights into admixture between modern and archaic humans, emphasizing methodological innovations and the functional and phenotypic effects Neanderthal and Denisovan sequences have in contemporary individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cell–cell interactions between transplanted retinal organoid cells and recipient tissues 移植视网膜类器官细胞与受体组织之间的细胞间相互作用
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102277
Patrick O Nnoromele , McKaily Adams , Annabelle Pan , Ying V Liu , Joyce Wang , Mandeep S Singh
{"title":"Cell–cell interactions between transplanted retinal organoid cells and recipient tissues","authors":"Patrick O Nnoromele ,&nbsp;McKaily Adams ,&nbsp;Annabelle Pan ,&nbsp;Ying V Liu ,&nbsp;Joyce Wang ,&nbsp;Mandeep S Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transplantation of human organoid-derived retinal cells is being studied as a potentially viable strategy to treat vision loss due to retinal degeneration. Experiments in animal models have demonstrated the feasibility of organoid-derived photoreceptor transplantation in various recipient contexts. In some cases, vision repair has been shown. However, recipient–donor cell–cell interactions are incompletely understood. This review briefly summarizes these interactions, categorizing them as synaptic structure formation, cellular component transfer, glial activation, immune cell infiltration, and cellular migration. Each of these interactions may affect the survival and functionality of the donor cells and, ultimately, their efficacy as a treatment substrate. Additionally, recipient characteristics, such as the cytoarchitecture of the retina and immune status, may also impact the type and frequency of cell–cell interactions. Despite the procedural challenges associated with culturing human retinal organoids and the technical difficulties in transplanting donor cells into the delicate recipient retina, transplantation of retinal organoid-derived cells is a promising tool for degenerative retinal disease treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How our brains are built: emerging approaches to understand human-specific features 我们的大脑是如何构建的：了解人类特有特征的新方法。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102278
Nicole D Moss , Davoneshia Lollis , Debra L Silver
{"title":"How our brains are built: emerging approaches to understand human-specific features","authors":"Nicole D Moss ,&nbsp;Davoneshia Lollis ,&nbsp;Debra L Silver","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding what makes us uniquely human is a long-standing question permeating fields from genomics, neuroscience, and developmental biology to medicine. The discovery of human-specific genomic sequences has enabled a new understanding of the molecular features of human brain evolution. Advances in sequencing, computational, and <em>in vitro</em> screening approaches collectively reveal new roles of uniquely human sequences in regulating gene expression. Here, we review the landscape of human-specific loci and describe how emerging technologies are being used to understand their molecular functions and impact on brain development. We describe current challenges in the field and the potential of integrating new hypotheses and approaches to propel our understanding of the human brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diversity of human skin three-dimensional organotypic cultures 人体皮肤三维有机培养物的多样性。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102275
Yunlong Y Jia , Scott X Atwood
{"title":"Diversity of human skin three-dimensional organotypic cultures","authors":"Yunlong Y Jia ,&nbsp;Scott X Atwood","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, significant strides have been made in the development of high-fidelity skin organoids, encompassing techniques such as 3D bioprinting, skin-on-a-chip systems, and models derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), replicating appendage structures and diverse skin cell types. Despite the emergence of these state-of-the-art skin engineering models, human organotypic cultures (OTCs), initially proposed in the 1970s, continue to reign as the predominant <em>in vitro</em> cultured three-dimensional skin model in the field of tissue engineering. This enduring prevalence is owed to their cost-effectiveness, straight forward setup, time efficiency, and faithful representation of native human skin. In this review, we systematically delineate recent advances in skin OTC models, aiming to inform future efforts to enhance <em>in vitro</em> skin model fidelity and reproducibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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