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Current Opinion in Genetics & Development最新文献

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Engineering immune organoids to regenerate host immune system 用免疫器官组织工程再生宿主免疫系统
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102276
{"title":"Engineering immune organoids to regenerate host immune system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in immunotherapy have underscored the potential of harnessing the immune system to treat disorders associated with immune dysregulation, such as primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, cancer, transplantation rejection, and aging. Owing to the cellular and structural complexity and the dynamic nature of immune responses, engineering immune organoids that replicate the function and key features of their corresponding immune organs continues to be a formidable challenge. In this overview, we will discuss the recent progress in bioengineering organoids of key primary and secondary immune organs and tissues, focusing particularly on their contributions to the host’s immune system in animal models and highlighting their potential roles in regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Better together: how cooperativity influences transcriptional bursting 更好地合作：合作性如何影响转录突变
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102274
{"title":"Better together: how cooperativity influences transcriptional bursting","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transcriptional bursting refers to the stochastic transition of a promoter between transcriptionally active and inactive states. This dynamic process is highly regulated by the dynamics of transcription factor binding to DNA, their interactions with coactivators, and the 3D interactions between promoters, condensates, and enhancers. In this mini-review, we discuss recent insights into the kinetics of transcription factors and cofactors in both simple and complex regulatory environments to understand their impact on transcriptional bursting. We examine the novel concept of transcription factor exchange and relate it to different cooperativity models. Finally, we discuss recent live-cell imaging studies on the regulation of transcriptional bursting by enhancers and transcriptional condensates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategies for programmable manipulation of alternative splicing 可编程操纵替代剪接的策略。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102272
{"title":"Strategies for programmable manipulation of alternative splicing","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternative splicing (AS) plays a pivotal role in protein diversity and mRNA maturation. Programmable control of targeted AS events is of longstanding interest in RNA biology, promising correction of dysregulated splicing in disease and discovery of AS events. This review explores four main strategies for programmable splicing manipulation: (1) inhibiting splicing signals with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), exemplified by therapies approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, (2) applying DNA-targeting clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats systems to edit splicing signals, (3) using synthetic splicing factors, including synthetic proteins and ribonucleoproteins, inspired by natural RNA-binding proteins, and (4) guiding endogenous splicing machinery with bifunctional ASOs and engineered small nuclear RNAs. While ASOs remain clinically prominent, emerging technologies aim for broad, scalable, durable, and precise splicing modulation, holding promise for transformative advancements in RNA biology and therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial overview: Epitranscriptomics: Exploring a new frontier in health and disease 编辑综述：表转录组学：探索健康与疾病的新领域。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102271
{"title":"Editorial overview: Epitranscriptomics: Exploring a new frontier in health and disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging interactions between RNA methylation and chromatin architecture RNA 甲基化与染色质结构之间新出现的相互作用
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102270
{"title":"Emerging interactions between RNA methylation and chromatin architecture","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epitranscriptomics, the study of chemical modifications of RNA molecules, is increasingly recognized as an important component of gene expression regulation. While the majority of research has focused on N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) RNA methylation on mRNAs, emerging evidence has revealed that the m<sup>6</sup>A modification extends beyond mRNAs to include chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs). CaRNAs constitute an important class of RNAs characterized by their interaction with the genome and epigenome. These features allow caRNAs to be actively involved in shaping genome organization. In this review, we bring into focus recent findings of the dynamic interactions between caRNAs and chromatin architecture and how RNA methylation impacts caRNAs’ function in this interplay. We highlight several enabling techniques, which were critical for genome-wide profiling of caRNAs and their modifications. Given the nascent stage of the field, we emphasize on the need to address critical gaps in study of these modifications in more relevant biological systems. Overall, these exciting progress have expanded the scope and reach of epitranscriptomics, unveiling new mechanisms that underpin the control of gene expression and cellular phenotypes, with potential therapeutic implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genome folding and zygotic genome activation in mammalian preimplantation embryos 哺乳动物植入前胚胎的基因组折叠和子代基因组激活。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102268
{"title":"Genome folding and zygotic genome activation in mammalian preimplantation embryos","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The totipotent one-cell embryo, or zygote, gives rise to all germ layers and extraembryonic tissues that culminate in the development of a new organism. A zygote is produced at fertilisation by the fusion of differentiated germ cells, egg and sperm. The chromatin of parental genomes is reprogrammed and spatially reorganised in the early embryo. The 3D chromatin organisation is established <em>de novo</em> after fertilisation by a cohesin-dependent mechanism of loop extrusion that forms chromatin loops and topologically associating domains (TADs). Strengthening of TAD insulation is concomitant with the transcriptional ‘awakening’ of the embryo known as zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Whether and how these processes are causally linked remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss recent findings of 3D chromatin organisation in mammalian gametes and embryos and how these are potentially related to ZGA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human-specific genetic hallmarks in neocortical development: focus on neural progenitors 新皮质发育过程中的人类特异性遗传特征：聚焦神经祖细胞。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102267
{"title":"Human-specific genetic hallmarks in neocortical development: focus on neural progenitors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolutionary expansion of the neocortex in the ape lineage is the basis for the development of higher cognitive abilities. However, the human brain has uniquely increased in size and degree of folding, forming an essential foundation for advanced cognitive functions. This raises the question: what factors distinguish humans from our closest living primate relatives, such as chimpanzees and bonobos, which exhibit comparatively constrained cognitive capabilities? In this review, we focus on recent studies examining (modern) human-specific genetic traits that influence neural progenitor cells, whose behavior and activity are crucial for shaping cortical morphology. We emphasize the role of human-specific genetic modifications in signaling pathways that enhance the abundance of apical and basal progenitors, as well as the importance of basal progenitor metabolism in their proliferation in human. Additionally, we discuss how changes in neuron morphology contribute to the evolution of human cognition and provide our perspective on future directions in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The power of proximity: mechanisms and biological roles of transvection 近距离的力量：跨气流的机制和生物学作用。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102269
{"title":"The power of proximity: mechanisms and biological roles of transvection","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phenomenon of transvection, defined as a proximity-dependent interallelic interaction, has been observed in the context of complementation between mutant alleles for numerous Drosophila genes. Cases of transvection-like phenomena have also been observed in other species, including mammals. However, the potential contribution of transvection to wild-type gene regulation and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Here, I review recent evidence demonstrating the relevance of transvection in physiological contexts. These findings suggest that transvection represents an additional layer of gene regulation that allows cells to fine-tune gene expression based on the proximity of homologous alleles. In addition, recent studies have measured the physical distance between interacting alleles, revealing unexpectedly large and variable distances. I will discuss how these distances are compatible with the ‘hub’ model of transcriptional regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
If you please, draw me a neuron — linking evolutionary tinkering with human neuron evolution 请给我画一个神经元--将进化修补与人类神经元进化联系起来。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102260
{"title":"If you please, draw me a neuron — linking evolutionary tinkering with human neuron evolution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal speciation often involves novel behavioral features that rely on nervous system evolution. Human-specific brain features have been proposed to underlie specialized cognitive functions and to be linked, at least in part, to the evolution of synapses, neurons, and circuits of the cerebral cortex. Here, we review recent results showing that, while the human cortex is composed of a repertoire of cells that appears to be largely similar to the one found in other mammals, human cortical neurons do display specialized features at many levels, from gene expression to intrinsic physiological properties. The molecular mechanisms underlying human species-specific neuronal features remain largely unknown but implicate hominid-specific gene duplicates that encode novel molecular modifiers of neuronal function. The identification of human-specific genetic modifiers of neuronal function brings novel insights on brain evolution and function and, could also provide new insights on human species-specific vulnerabilities to brain disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reconstructing human-specific regulatory functions in model systems 在模型系统中重建人类特有的调控功能
IF 3.7 2区 生物学
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102259
{"title":"Reconstructing human-specific regulatory functions in model systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Uniquely human physical traits, such as an expanded cerebral cortex and changes in limb morphology that allow us to use tools and walk upright, are in part due to human-specific genetic changes that altered when, where, and how genes are expressed during development. Over 20 000 putative regulatory elements with potential human-specific functions have been discovered. Understanding how these elements contributed to human evolution requires identifying candidates most likely to have shaped human traits, then studying them in genetically modified animal models. Here, we review the progress and challenges in generating and studying such models and propose a pathway for advancing the field. Finally, we highlight that large-scale collaborations across multiple research domains are essential to decipher what makes us human.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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