Xiaoxuan Wang, Hu Jiang, Zhixin Zhao, Beilei Lin, Tao Wang, Zihao Ruan, Zhiguang Ping, Suyan Chen, Zhenxiang Zhang
{"title":"The relationship between self-efficacy and self-management: a moderated mediation model of self-control and emotion regulation among stroke survivors.","authors":"Xiaoxuan Wang, Hu Jiang, Zhixin Zhao, Beilei Lin, Tao Wang, Zihao Ruan, Zhiguang Ping, Suyan Chen, Zhenxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2025.2514260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2025.2514260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the impact of self-efficacy on self-management with the parallel mediating effects of impulsivity and good control, as well as the moderating effect of emotion regulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Convenience sampling method was used in this study. From March to July 2024, stroke patients were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Henan Province, China. Questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic data, self-control, self-efficacy, emotion regulation, and self-management. Descriptive statistics and Process Macro Models 4 and 14 in the SPSS program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 519 stroke survivors reported self-management with a moderate standardization score. Impulsivity and good control co-mediating the association of self-efficacy and self-management. After adding the cognitive reappraisal as the moderator, the moderated mediation model of impulsivity was confirmed with adequate fit indices. However, cognitive reappraisal did not play a moderating role in good control and self-management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Self-efficacy can promote self-management in stroke survivors by reducing impulsivity and enhancing self-control. Notably, cognitive reappraisal may suppress impulsive thoughts in stroke survivors and promote self-management.</p>","PeriodicalId":50575,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui-Hui Peng, Ming-Jie Sung, Yu-Hao Lee, Shih-Wei Huang, Lien-Chieh Lin
{"title":"Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on motor function in patients with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hui-Hui Peng, Ming-Jie Sung, Yu-Hao Lee, Shih-Wei Huang, Lien-Chieh Lin","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2025.2514261","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09638288.2025.2514261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose:</i> This study aims to evaluate extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on spasticity, balance, gait patterns, and motor function in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). <i>Materials and methods:</i> PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched up to 11 April 2025. Meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager. The primary outcomes were Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and gait speed. <i>Results:</i> Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 341 individuals with CP were included. Comparison between the ESWT and control groups revealed significant improvements in MAS (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.84, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: -1.23 to -0.46, <i>p</i> < 0.001), gait speed (MD: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.23, <i>p</i> = 0.02), cadence (MD: -3.01, 95% CI: -6.03 to 0, <i>p</i> = 0.05), stride length (MD: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.16-0.28, <i>p</i> < 0.001), Pediatric Balance Scale (MD: 2.3, 95% CI: 0.4-4.19, <i>p</i> = 0.02), and Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (MD: 9.72, 95% CI: 7.36-12.08, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <i>Conclusions:</i> Combining ESWT with conventional physiotherapy, botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection, or ankle-foot orthotics positively affects spasticity, gait, balance, and motor function. In addition, spasticity significantly decreases, particularly with focused ESWT or ESWT targeting the upper limbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50575,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cynthia Sawasawa, Jennifer Watermeyer, Khetsiwe Masuku
{"title":"The health-seeking experiences of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in Thembisa, South Africa: shifting from the voice of medicine to the voice of the caregiver.","authors":"Cynthia Sawasawa, Jennifer Watermeyer, Khetsiwe Masuku","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2025.2513043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2025.2513043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Caregivers of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) frequently engage with healthcare professionals (HCPs) when seeking help on behalf of their children. However, little is known about their health-seeking experiences, particularly in low-resourced townships.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive case study research design, underpinned by a phenomenological approach. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen caregivers who live in a township in South Africa and were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed three main themes which include: (i) A primary focus in healthcare systems on child-centred care which neglects the needs of caregivers, (ii) Brief disease-focused consultations with HCPs that have a negative impact on caregiver health-seeking experiences, and (iii) Dismissal of caregivers' expert knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that caregivers have needs that are separate from those of their children. To ensure that caregivers receive helpful help during their health-seeking attempts, there must be a shift from the traditional paternalistic roles of healthcare providers. Instead, HCPs should view themselves as collaborators with caregivers to ensure that they provide family-centred services. Additionally, the voice of the lifeworld needs to become a central feature of the care provided to caregivers and their children.</p>","PeriodicalId":50575,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Griet Dequeker, Emma Detobel, Ellen Dillen, Marie Heymans, Lize Kleeren, Els Ortibus, Lisa Mailleux
{"title":"The assessment of grip strength in preschool-aged children with and without unilateral cerebral palsy.","authors":"Griet Dequeker, Emma Detobel, Ellen Dillen, Marie Heymans, Lize Kleeren, Els Ortibus, Lisa Mailleux","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2025.2512586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2025.2512586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate reliability and validity of two grip strength devices in children with and without unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP) aged 2-6 years.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We assessed grip strength in 20 pre-school-aged children with predominantly spastic uCP (mean age 4y0 ± 1y2m) and 20 age-matched children without uCP (mean age 3y11m ± 1y3m) using the Martin Vigorimeter and MyoGrip to investigate test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients; ICC), known-group validity (comparative statistics) and convergent validity (correlation analyses) in a cross-sectional design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both groups, test-retest reliability was excellent for both devices and both hands (ICC 0.91-0.97). Grip strength of the non-preferred hand was lower in children with uCP for both devices (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Grip strength was decreased in the non-preferred compared to the preferred hand in children with uCP for both devices (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In children without uCP, grip strength was lower in the non-preferred compared to the preferred hand only for the MyoGrip (<i>p</i> = 0.02). The relation between both devices for both hands was good to very high (<i>r</i> = 0.62-0.92, <i>p</i> < 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both devices can be implemented in clinical practice to assess grip strength in preschool-aged children with uCP. Only the MyoGrip detected differences between both hands in children without uCP and might be more sensitive.</p>","PeriodicalId":50575,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Pashley, Adrienne Young, Emmah Doig, Janette Moore, Olivia Wright
{"title":"In-depth exploration of 'therapeutic mealtime experiences' in inpatient rehabilitation: mixed-methods multiple case studies.","authors":"Alice Pashley, Adrienne Young, Emmah Doig, Janette Moore, Olivia Wright","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2025.2512055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2025.2512055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore how mealtime planning and delivery practices in inpatient rehabilitation influence therapeutic mealtime experiences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multiple case study used convergent mixed methods analysis of case-specific data across two metropolitan general rehabilitation sites. Interviews, patient reported experience measures, and a chart audit were conducted at two timepoints for participants. Within-case analysis involved descriptive and qualitative analysis, and across-case analysis involved identifying patterns and differences across cases, with findings organised to Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dining room was the most discussed mealtime structure to promote therapeutic mealtime experiences, enabling access to care, therapy activity, and social engagement. Mealtime structures with built-in flexibility and staff knowing their patients supported tailoring of experiences and enabled person-centred care. Compassionate and attentive interactions with staff created a genuine approach to care, positively influencing patients' psychosocial well-being. Most patients self-initiated using mealtimes for additional therapeutic activity, but mealtimes were also a time of rest and an opportunity to maintain personhood.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mealtimes have substantial potential to contribute positively to patients' rehabilitation and offer clinicians opportunities to engage patients in rehabilitation. Flexible mealtime systems enable staff to provide person-centred care, but improvements are needed to ensure this is delivered consistently for all patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50575,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Ackah, Vincent Deary, Ulric S Abonie, Florentina Johanna Hettinga, Katie L Hackett
{"title":"<i>\"Rest recharges my energy\"</i>; experiences and perceptions of rest in adults with long-term conditions and fatigue in rehabilitation: a qualitative study.","authors":"Martin Ackah, Vincent Deary, Ulric S Abonie, Florentina Johanna Hettinga, Katie L Hackett","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2025.2512587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2025.2512587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore and understand the experiences and perceptions of rest among adults experiencing fatigue alongside a long-term condition (LTC) and healthcare professionals (HCPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study used convenience and snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 adults with LTCs experiencing fatigue and four HCPs. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis with inductive approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes were identified: (1) operationalisation of rest, (2) rest as a practiced skill, (3) rest as a tool for optimising functioning, and (4) barriers. Both participants with lived experience and HCPs viewed rest as reducing activities, connecting with nature, and disengaging from responsibilities. Both groups valued rest for managing energy, symptoms, and activities. Barriers included impact of expectations on persons with LTC, environmental, and interpersonal factors, as well as responsibilities and lack of resting skills. Lived-experience participants noted physical symptoms, while HCPs highlighted \"all-or-nothing\" thinking as a significant barrier.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rest in chronic fatigue management involved reducing activity, restorative practices, connecting with nature, and disengaging from responsibilities. Identifying truly restorative activities was challenging. Both adults with LTC and HCPs recognised effective rest as a strategic tool for energy management, symptom control, and activity participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50575,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belinda J Johnston, Lynette Mackenzie, Joan M O'Donnell, Jacqueline Wesson
{"title":"Cognitive clinical assessments to predict performance on an on-road assessment: a scoping review.","authors":"Belinda J Johnston, Lynette Mackenzie, Joan M O'Donnell, Jacqueline Wesson","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2025.2512057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2025.2512057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Staying current with emerging research is essential to ensure that cognitive assessments used to predict driving ability are based on current evidence. This review evaluated studies published since 2012 that compared clinical cognitive assessments with on-road driving outcomes. The focus was on predictive validity and clinical utility to support evidence-based decisions about medical fitness to drive and to highlight gaps in the research.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A scoping review, conducted using the JBI framework, identified studies comparing cognitive assessments with on-road outcomes in older adults or individuals with health conditions affecting cognition. Data were systematically extracted and evaluated using established psychometric and clinical utility criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2247 articles, 77 met inclusion criteria, assessing 56 cognitive assessments or batteries. Only four met predefined psychometric standards, and of these, only DriveSafe DriveAware also met clinical utility criteria. Although many tools demonstrated clinical utility, their lack of psychometric strength limited their use as stand-alone alternatives to on-road testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlighted both established and emerging tools for evaluating driving ability. Few met both psychometric and clinical utility standards. On-road assessments remain the gold standard, but functionally based tools like DriveSafe DriveAware, combined with clinical judgment, may assist driving outcome prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50575,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medha Amarnath Nair, Noah D Silverberg, Edwina L Picon, Chantel T Debert, Mark T Bayley, Cindy Hunt, Molly Cairncross
{"title":"Avoidance and endurance coping after mild traumatic brain injury: patterns of coping and associated psychological functioning.","authors":"Medha Amarnath Nair, Noah D Silverberg, Edwina L Picon, Chantel T Debert, Mark T Bayley, Cindy Hunt, Molly Cairncross","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2025.2505703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2025.2505703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>According to the avoidance-endurance model of chronic pain, avoidance and endurance behaviors are distinct pathways to disability following injury. Both coping styles are associated with poor outcomes post-mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but whether they represent distinct pathways to disability is unclear. We assessed whether distinct patterns of avoidance and endurance coping exist post-mTBI (study 1) and examined their convergent/divergent validity in an independent sample (study 2).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In study 1, adults (<i>n</i> = 554, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 39.6) with mTBI completed measures of avoidance and endurance. K-means clustering was used to investigate coping patterns. In study 2, adults (<i>n</i> = 83, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 41.6) with persisting mTBI symptoms and high avoidance/endurance behavior completed measures of avoidance, endurance, and psychological functioning. Individuals were clustered using cluster centers from study 1. Cluster differences in psychological functioning were assessed with ANOVAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four clusters emerged in study 1: high-avoidance/high-endurance (group 1), low-avoidance/low-endurance (group 2), mid-avoidance/low-endurance (group 3), and mid-avoidance/high-endurance (group 4). In study 2, after controlling for symptom burden, group 1 had higher catastrophizing and thought suppression compared to groups 3 and 4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Four poorly defined clusters were identified. The single cluster-defining factor associated with poorer psychological functioning was avoidance behavior, suggesting it may be an important treatment target.</p>","PeriodicalId":50575,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experiences of persons with spinal cord injury, their family members, and health care providers during transitions in care in Alberta: a qualitative reflexive thematic analysis.","authors":"Rija Kamran, Chester Ho, Katharina Kovacs Burns, Ingris Pelaez Ballestas, Olaleye Olayinka, Jeffery Bakal, Srijan Raha, Rebecca Charbonneau, Ana Rame, Rob MacIsaac, Rita Henderson, Adalberto-Loyola Sanchez","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2025.2509791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2025.2509791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>People with Spinal cord injuries (SCI) experience multiple transitions during their healthcare journey. This qualitative study aims to understand experiences of people with SCI, and perceptions from family members, and some healthcare providers on the transitions through the healthcare system in Alberta, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using purposive sampling, 49 participants were interviewed, including 22 people with SCI and 27 stakeholders, including family members and providers, a community-based participatory research study was conducted. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic inductive comparative analyses of transcripts along with interviewers' field notes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified the following nine overarching themes identifying 9 key areas (1) communication; (2) compassion, (3) healthcare providers' empathy, and humility; (4) continuity of care; (5) adequate preparation for discharge; (6) availability and accessibility of resources in the community; (7) mental health supports; (8) peer support and support from community-based organizations; and (9) education and managing of healing expectations. Interpreting these themes allowed us to identify key areas of opportunity to improve the transitions of people living with SCI in Alberta.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transitions in care after SCI is a complex phenomenon. In the absence of continuity of care across the healthcare services, people with SCI are susceptible to adverse health outcomes. Addressing the identified gaps within these transitions will improve their quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50575,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dinja J van der Veen, Petra C Siemonsma, Philip J van der Wees, Bert J M de Swart, Ton Satink, Maud J L Graff
{"title":"The regional development and implementation of home-based stroke rehabilitation using participatory action research.","authors":"Dinja J van der Veen, Petra C Siemonsma, Philip J van der Wees, Bert J M de Swart, Ton Satink, Maud J L Graff","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2024.2404551","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09638288.2024.2404551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to overcome the challenges experienced in the regional development and implementation of home-based stroke rehabilitation (HBSR) and to understand the change process needed.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using participatory action research (PAR), participants and researchers collaboratively produced knowledge and took action to improve the offered HBSR. Different methods for data generation and analysis were used, depending on the aim of the PAR phase and the participants' stages of change. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to select implementation strategies and to evaluate the implementation process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Developing and implementing HBSR resulted in multiple products that promoted the implementation of a regional stroke network and affiliated work arrangements. Work arrangements were embodied in a stroke care pathway, follow-up tool, and expertise requirements. Evaluating the PAR process identified participants being able to take the lead, being facilitated by others, and making progress visible, as implementation facilitators. Collaborating within a primary care project can be challenging but is considered essential and has a positive impact on multiple levels. Also, the implementation of HBSR calls for multiple implementation strategies reflecting multiple CFIR constructs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the complexity and achievements of developing and implementing HBSR using PAR.</p>","PeriodicalId":50575,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"2899-2913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}