Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques最新文献

{"title":"Left Ventricular False Tendons: A Morphological Study by Echocardiography","authors":"Aizhuo Chen,&nbsp;Jinqing Chen","doi":"10.1111/echo.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/echo.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a prospective study aimed to investigate the morphology of left ventricular false tendons (LVFTs) using echocardiography and explore its associations with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), congenital heart structural abnormalities, and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed data from 889 individuals who underwent consecutive echocardiograms at our ultrasound department between December 2023 and February 2024. Routine echocardiograms were performed to detect congenital structural abnormalities, with a focus on identifying LVFT. We examined the prevalence, number, and distribution of LVFTs, as well as their correlation with age, sex, BMI, and congenital heart structural abnormalities. LVFTs were detected in 460 of 889 cases (51.74%), totaling 672 LVFTs. LVFT prevalence significantly differed not only between sexes but also between ages. LVFT prevalence was higher in individuals with lower BMI. There was no significant difference in congenital heart structural abnormalities between the groups, but the composition of distinct types of structural abnormalities differed between the groups. The incidence of PVCs in the LVFT-positive group was significantly higher than in the LVFT-negative group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of LVFTs is notably higher in males than females and tends to decrease with advancing age and increasing BMI. LVFTs display diverse morphological features and may interact synergistically with certain congenital heart structural abnormalities. LVFTs can easily lead to PVCs in healthy people, but the risk of leading to malignant PVCs does not seem to be high. Correctly recognizing the morphological characteristics of LVFTs helps to distinguish similar ultrasonic images of different diseases, thus avoiding missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses in ultrasound work and clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in the Assessment of Native Aortic Regurgitation With Insights on Mixed and Multiple Valvular Heart Disease: A Narrative Review","authors":"Giulia Vinco,&nbsp;Marta Dal Porto,&nbsp;Cristina Demattè,&nbsp;Cristiana Giovanelli,&nbsp;Fabio Caruso,&nbsp;Alessandro Marinetti,&nbsp;Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi,&nbsp;Maurizio Del Greco,&nbsp;Mirko D'Onofrio","doi":"10.1111/echo.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/echo.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has received extensive validation for the assessment of valvular heart disease (VHD) and offers an accurate and direct method for the quantification of aortic regurgitation (AR). According to the current guidelines, CMR represents a useful second-line investigation in patients with poor acoustic windows or when echocardiography is inconclusive, for example, in cases of multiple or eccentric aortic jets. Without ionizing radiation exposure, CMR provides in-depth information not only on the severity degree of AR, providing a precise quantification of regurgitant volume and fraction, but also on cardiac structure and function, being recognized as the gold standard for the assessment of heart chamber size and systolic function. CMR allows a free choice of cardiac imaging planes and provides further information on the myocardium, thanks to the tissue characterization ability offered by several sequences, such as the late gadolinium enhancement technique. The possibilities offered by CMR become even more interesting in the context of mixed and multiple VHD, where the echocardiographic assessments often encounter difficulties in the quantification of each single valve lesion. The current scientific data support a greater expansion of CMR in this field, thanks to its additional advantages for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and to guide treatment. This review investigates the current CMR techniques and protocols in AR, with special insights into the evaluation of mixed aortic valve disease and multiple VHD including AR.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Fetal Sonographic Marker to Rule Out Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return: Color Doppler Drainage From Pulmonary Vein to Atrium to Ventricle (CDDVAV)","authors":"Natthicha Chainarong,&nbsp;Tracy Anton,&nbsp;Gary Satou,&nbsp;Sonia Voleti,&nbsp;Greggory DeVore,&nbsp;Karen Ambrowitz,&nbsp;Mark Sklansky","doi":"10.1111/echo.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/echo.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) present with life-threatening pulmonary venous obstruction within hours following delivery. As a result, prenatal detection represents an important approach to optimizing outcome. Unfortunately, TAPVR remains one of the most challenging major forms of congenital heart disease to detect prenatally; most cases elude diagnosis until postnatal life, despite the widespread recognition of multiple fetal two-dimensional (2D) and color Doppler sonographic markers. This commentary demonstrates that even the 2D and color Doppler appearance of pulmonary venous drainage to the left atrium may be seen in cases of TAPVR. Accordingly, we describe, for the first time, a novel color Doppler fetal sonographic marker to rule out TAPVR.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Multimodal Echocardiographic Evaluation of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy due to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome","authors":"Xiaobo Yan,&nbsp;Shuang Meng,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Hui Wang","doi":"10.1111/echo.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent complete (apneas) and partial (hypopneas) upper airway events, causing intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. It significantly impacts the cardiovascular system, increasing the morbidity and mortality associated with various complications. Therefore, employing appropriate echocardiographic methods to assess myocardial function in OSAS patients is crucial. It can facilitate early clinical intervention, enhance the quality of life, and potentially extend patients’ survival.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suspected Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection During Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Challenging Dilemma","authors":"Ludovica De Fazio,&nbsp;Amedeo Pergolini,&nbsp;Giulio Cacioli,&nbsp;Guglielmo Saitto,&nbsp;Alessandro Centonze,&nbsp;Carlo Contento,&nbsp;Fabio Sbaraglia,&nbsp;Emilio D'Avino,&nbsp;Federico Ranocchi","doi":"10.1111/echo.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Iatrogenic aortic dissection (IAD) is a life-threatening condition, primarily caused by arterial cannulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgeries. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the first-line diagnostic tool in the acute setting, but the presence of several artifacts can easily lead to misinterpretation. A 55-year-old man underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and implantation of central veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO). TEE revealed what appeared to be an intimal dissection flap in the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta, raising concerns for an IAD, which was not confirmed by computed tomographic angiography. This case highlights the pitfalls and limitations of echocardiography in the diagnosis of IAD, especially in settings with complex flow patterns such as during CPB or V-A ECMO.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core Laboratory Versus Center-Reported Echocardiographic Assessment of the Native and Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve","authors":"Bart J. J. Velders,&nbsp;Michiel D. Vriesendorp,&nbsp;Neil J. Weissman,&nbsp;Joseph F. Sabik III,&nbsp;Michael J. Reardon,&nbsp;Francois Dagenais,&nbsp;Michael G. Moront,&nbsp;Vivek Rao,&nbsp;Shinichi Fukuhara,&nbsp;Ralf Günzinger,&nbsp;Wouter J. van Leeuwen,&nbsp;W. Morris Brown,&nbsp;Rolf H. H. Groenwold,&nbsp;Robert J. M. Klautz,&nbsp;Federico M. Asch","doi":"10.1111/echo.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insights into quantitative differences between core laboratory and center-reported echocardiographic assessment of the native and bioprosthetic aortic valve are lacking. We aimed to explore clinically relevant differences between these evaluations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were used from the PERIcardial SurGical AOrtic Valve ReplacemeNt (PERIGON) Pivotal Trial for the Avalus valve. In this trial, patients with an indication for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) due to aortic stenosis or regurgitation (AR) were enrolled. Serial echocardiographic examinations were performed at each center and blindly reanalyzed by an independent echocardiographic core laboratory (ECL). For the bioprosthetic valve analysis, postoperative data throughout the 5-year follow-up were pooled. Differences between the ECL and the centers in continuous parameters were quantified in mean differences and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Agreement on AR, paravalvular leak (PVL), and prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) classification was investigated using Cohen's kappa coefficients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis on the native aortic valve was performed on 1118 echocardiograms. The relative mean difference was largest for the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) area, followed by stroke volume and effective orifice area (index), with center-reported values being 11%–7% higher. High ICCs of around 0.90 were observed for the parameters peak aortic jet velocity, mean pressure gradient, and the velocity-time integral across the aortic valve. Over 5000 echocardiograms were available for the bioprosthetic valve analysis. Therein, comparable results were observed. The kappa coefficient was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56, 0.63) for agreement on native AR, 0.28 (95% CI 0.18, 0.37) for PVL, and 0.42 (95% CI 0.40, 0.44) for PPM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is high agreement between the ECL and clinical centers on continuous-wave Doppler-related measurements. In contrast, agreement is low for parameters that involve measurement of the LVOT diameter. These results provide important context for the interpretation of aortic valve performance in studies that lack central ECL evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02088554</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/echo.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodality Imaging for Transcatheter Tricuspid Regurgitation Interventions: Novel Approaches to the Forgotten Valve","authors":"Francesca Coraducci,&nbsp;Alessandro Barbarossa,&nbsp;Carla Lofiego,&nbsp;Fabio Vagnarelli,&nbsp;Nicolo Schicchi,&nbsp;Marco Fogante,&nbsp;Tommaso Piva,&nbsp;Filippo Capestro,&nbsp;Michela Casella,&nbsp;Marco Di Eusanio,&nbsp;Federico Guerra,&nbsp;Antonio Dello Russo","doi":"10.1111/echo.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) poses a significant healthcare burden and is a major concern for patients who experience debilitating symptoms and face a poorer prognosis. Cardiologists are showing renewed interest in TR, as the previous belief that it was merely a bystander of left-sided heart disease has evolved. As a result, more transcatheter techniques addressing TR are emerging. Although a clear impact on mortality from these transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions (TTVI) has not yet been demonstrated, the improvement in symptoms and quality of life for patients is substantial, leading to increased use of these procedures in clinical practice. In this review, we focus on multimodality imaging as an essential tool for quantifying TR severity, assessing right ventricular (RV) function, understanding the underlying mechanisms, selecting the appropriate intervention, and ensuring thorough and accurate preprocedural planning to minimize complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/echo.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation Using Three-Dimensional Echocardiography and EchoPAC GE Health Care Software 4D Auto MVQ: Comparison Between Transthoracic and Transesophageal Examination","authors":"Ginevra Fioretti,&nbsp;Alice Tolomei,&nbsp;Piera Ciaramella,&nbsp;Antonio Lio,&nbsp;Ernesto Cristiano,&nbsp;Giulio Cacioli,&nbsp;Federica Tempestini,&nbsp;Federico Ranocchi,&nbsp;Viviana Maestrini,&nbsp;Amedeo Pergolini","doi":"10.1111/echo.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/echo.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preoperative echocardiographic assessment is critical for patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation to ensure personalized surgical mitral valve repair. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE) and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) in identifying valvular lesions, using surgical findings as the reference. Additionally, we evaluated whether annular dimensional parameters derived from TTE and TEE, using dedicated 3D software, could confirm whether 3D TTE alone offers a comprehensive preoperative evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 60 patients with severe organic mitral regurgitation scheduled for surgical valve repair. Each patient underwent preoperative 3D TTE, intraoperative 3D TEE prior to surgery, followed by annuloplasty. Mitral valve reconstructions from both TTE and TEE were compared, and dedicated 3D software (EchoPAC GE-Health-Care Software 3D-auto-MVQ) was employed to reconstruct annular geometries from both methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both 3D TTE and 3D TEE demonstrated comparable accuracy in identifying diseased scallops (overall accuracy: 3D TTE 91.8%, 3D TEE 98.1%, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, 3D TTE was inferior to 3D TEE in identifying multiple chordal ruptures (accuracy: 3D TTE 80%, 3D TEE 100%). Quantitative analysis of the mitral annulus revealed that 3D TTE and 3D TEE yielded overlapping results for static parameters (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), whereas dynamic parameters differed significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the selected population, 3D TTE demonstrated diagnostic accuracy comparable to transesophageal echocardiography in identifying mitral valve lesions. Furthermore, with the use of dedicated 3D software, TTE alone may provide a comprehensive and noninvasive preoperative evaluation, particularly for static annular parameters. Further studies are warranted to corroborate these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodality Imaging in Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis","authors":"Christina Karamarkou,&nbsp;Charalampia Maltsinioti,&nbsp;Oliver Bruder,&nbsp;Mehran Babady","doi":"10.1111/echo.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/echo.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case highlights the use of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis and management of chronic constrictive pericarditis (CP) in a 37-year-old male with a history of T-wave inversions on electrocardiogram (ECG). The patient underwent adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) due to suspicion of coronary artery disease (CAD). CMR revealed findings suggestive of chronic CP, including pericardial thickening and septal shudder, with computed tomography (CT) confirming the presence of pericardial calcification. The diagnosis was established through the combination of CMR and CT imaging. The patient underwent a successful pericardiectomy. This case emphasizes the crucial role of CMR and CT in diagnosing and guiding the management of CP.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Cardiac CT Imaging: The Era of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Pietro Costantini,&nbsp;Léon Groenhoff,&nbsp;Eleonora Ostillio,&nbsp;Francesca Coraducci,&nbsp;Francesco Secchi,&nbsp;Alessandro Carriero,&nbsp;Anna Colarieti,&nbsp;Alessandro Stecco","doi":"10.1111/echo.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the last decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has influenced the field of cardiac computed tomography (CT), with its scope further enhanced by advanced methodologies such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). The AI-driven techniques leverage large datasets to develop and train algorithms capable of making precise evaluations and predictions. The realm of cardiac CT is expanding day by day and multiple tools are offered to answer different questions. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and CT angiography (CTA) provide high-resolution images that facilitate the detailed anatomical evaluation of coronary plaque burden. New tools such as myocardial CT perfusion (CTP) and fractional flow reserve (FFR_CT) have been developed to add a functional evaluation of the stenosis. Moreover, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is gaining interest as its role in coronary artery plaque development has been deepened. Seen the great added value of these tools, the demand for new exams has increased such as the burden on imagers. Due to its ability to fast compute multiple data, AI can be helpful in both the acquisition and post-processing phases. AI can possibly reduce radiation dose, increase image quality, and shorten image analysis time. Moreover, different types of data can be used for risk assessment and patient risk stratification. Recently, the focus of the scientific community on AI has led to numerous studies, especially on CACS and CTA. This narrative review concentrates on AI's role in the post-processing of CACS, CTA, FFR_CT, CTP, and EAT, discussing both current capabilities and future directions in the field of cardiac imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/echo.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}