Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A static magnetic field applied during cancer chemotherapy: Results of a clinical investigation.","authors":"Andrea Bailey, Joseph R Salvatore","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2025.2551593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2025.2551593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A Static Magnetic Field in the form of a permanent magnet was applied to participants in an investigational protocol to determine the toxicity and safety profile of the magnetic field in participants receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy for advanced cancer. The magnet was placed 15 minutes prior to starting the antineoplastic chemotherapy and then remained in place for three levels following completion of the therapy for 0, 15, and 30 minutes. The data showed that overall, the presence of a static magnetic field could be applied safely to individuals receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy for advanced cancer, and for participants in the Level 3 Group (magnet applied for 30 minutes), there was a statistically significant decrease in toxicity compared to matched controls. We were not able to determine if the static magnet field had an effect on survival. Our data suggests that applying a static magnetic field to individuals receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy for advanced cancer is safe and may, under certain parameters, decrease the toxicity of the therapy. Further studies should be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study on the effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on honey bees.","authors":"Nilüfer As, Yasin Karan, Serdar Dizman, Betül Ceylan Sayi, Ahmet Kuvanci, Şeref Cinbirtoğlu, Seyit Hasan Öztürk, Mustafa Ergin Şahin","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2445109","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2445109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the increase in data rate in mobile communication and the widespread use of mobile internet, electromagnetic communication systems are increasing daily. This situation causes increases in the use of more mobile communication devices and environmental non-ionizing Electromagnetic Field (EMF) levels. The rise of bee deaths and colony losses in beekeeping parallel to the increase of the EMF sources cause the concept of \"electromagnetic pollution\" to be considered among the reasons. Therefore, studying the effects of non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) on the health of living things is one of the most significant issues today. The bees determine their direction with the Earth's magnetic field. Electromagnetic signals emitted by GSM base stations, etc. may affect the direction-finding capabilities of honey bees and constitute a stress factor. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of EMF on honey bees and honey yield. Honey bee colonies were used, obtained from the same farm in the Trabzon region, and equalized in all respects. Moreover, these colonies were divided into five groups randomly as experiments and control groups. The experiment hives were exposed to the EMF in the frequency band of the Wi-Fi signals (2.4 GHz) and the high-voltage line (50 hz). The control hives are located far away from the EMR sources. The study was repeated in the second year to confirm the results. During the investigation, some physiological and behavioural effects of bees, such as aggressiveness, brood area, etc. were determined based on EMR exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"65-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 6 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on the development of fetal bones.","authors":"Yasin Karamazı, Mustafa Emre, Sümeyye Uçar, Gülsevinç Aksoy, Toygar Emre, Murat Tokuş","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2438608","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2438608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the impact of 6 GHz (0.054 W/kg SAR) Radiofrequency-Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) on prenatal bone development. In this study, 20 female and 20 male Wistar Albino rats divided into four groups. The Control group received no treatment, while in Group-I, only male rats were exposed to RF-EMF, female rats had no exposure. Group-II, both male and female rats received RF-EMF treatment. While in Group-III, only female rats were exposed to RF-EMF, male rats had no exposure. The exposure lasted 4 hours per day for 6 weeks. The rats were then allowed to mate within the group. After pregnancy, pregnant rats (Group-II and III) were exposed 4 hours per day for 18 days. On the 18th day of gestation, fetuses were removed and their weight and various lengths were measured. The skeletal system development of fetuses was examined with double skeletal staining method and assessed ossification in the extremities. In the study, fetal weights, head-tail length, occipital-frontal and parietal-parietal lengths significantly increased in all exposure groups when compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Although occipital-frontal length was smallest in Group-I, Group-II and Group-III were more higher than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The bones of the anterior and posterior extremities showed significant increases in length, ossification zone length, and ossification percentage in all experimental groups compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Our study showed that rats exposed to 6 GHz (0.054 W/kg) RF-EMF during the prenatal period had significant increases in bone development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static magnetic field on wound healing in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Lizie Tanani Lewandoski, Vanessa Grymuza de Souza, Gabriella Cannan Kiekiss, Franciele Soares, Márcia Rosangela Buzanello, Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2448186","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2448186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to systematically review the preclinical studies that have applied the static magnetic field to wound healing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search strategy was performed in databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL and Cochrane Database, and in gray literature. The inclusion criteria were: Pre-clinical studies, either with a separate control/sham parallel-group or cross-over design in rodents that used magnets to treat skin injuries anywhere on the body. The risk of bias tool was the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight randomized clinical trials were included. Wound rate area DM experimental vs DM sham [MD = 2.19, 95% CI, (-0.61, 4.99), I² 25%, <i>p</i> = 0.13] and wound rate area - DM experimental vs non-DM control [MD = 3.33, 95% CI, (-1.86, 8.55), I² 63%, <i>p</i> = 0.21] were not statistically significant. A significant improvement in gross healing time in the experimental group DM compared to the DM sham [MD = -4.48, IC 95%, (-7.88, -1.07), I² 38%, <i>p</i> = 0.010]. The same way tensile strength - DM and non DM subgroup analysis showed improved tensile strength in both the non-diabetic and diabetic experiment groups [SMD = 1.36, 95% CI, (0.60, 2.12), I² 0%, <i>p</i> = 0.0005].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although not statistically significant, the static magnetic field had a positive effect on wound healing in rodents compared to the sham or control group. There was a significant improvement in the assessment of healing time and skin tensile strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of variable magnetic field on ternary Casson nanofluid flow through ciliated arterial walls incorporating interfacial nanolayer.","authors":"Biplab Mal, Soumini Dolui, Bivas Bhaumik, Soumen De","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2446506","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2446506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current investigation explores tri-hybrid mediated blood flow through a ciliary annular model, designed to emulate an endoscopic environment. The human circulatory system, driven by the metachronal ciliary waves, is examined in this study to understand how ternary nanoparticles influence wave-like flow dynamics in the presence of interfacial nanolayers. We also analyze the effect of an induced magnetic field on Ag-Cu-<math><mi>A</mi><mrow><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math>/blood flow within the annulus, focusing on thermal radiation, heat sources, buoyancy forces and ciliary motion. The Casson fluid model characterizes the non-Newtonian viscous properties of the biofluid. To describe the steady fluid flow mathematically, we use coupled partial differential equations and apply the homotopy perturbation method to derive rapidly convergent series solutions for the non-linear flow equations. The obtained hemodynamic consequences are graphically represented with the variations of emerging parameters. These are significantly influenced by the rheological factors of the nanofluid flow, improving flow velocity with changes in shear viscosity, while a decrease in flow is observed for intensified Lorentz forces. Ciliary motion accelerates the expansion of the induced magnetic field on nanolayers, while a higher Magnetic Reynolds number decreases the current density distribution. Increased radiative heat generation lowers the temperature, indicating that thermal radiation enhances heat transfer and improves cooling efficiency. In contrast, an increased ciliary length along the wall raises the temperature due to wave-like motion, which strengthens the thermal boundary layer in the fluid flow. Additionally, a higher nanoparticle concentration increases wall shear stress due to frictional forces, while enhanced magnetic forces decrease the shear stress along the ciliary wall. Furthermore, a higher Strommer's number may regulate the formation of blood boluses in the wavy flow. The key findings play an important role in the development of analytical benchmarks to validate computational methods, ensuring accuracy in clinical research tools and supporting reliable medical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"79-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of electromagnetic field emitted by a 90 kHz WPT system on the cognitive functions and neuronal excitation of mice.","authors":"Jun Zhao, Jing Ma, Xiaoxuan Wang, Bingqian Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2438607","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2438607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advantages of Magnetic Coupling Resonant Wireless Power Transfer (MCR-WPT) technology include long transmission distance, high efficiency, and high power. Therefore, it shows great potential in the field of smart home. This study aims to explore the specific impacts on the cognitive functions and neuronal excitation of mice exposed to the electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by the MCR-WPT platform, thereby providing biological solid experimental evidence for developing Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology. The research employed a frequency of 90 kHz, which is suitable for wireless charging of household appliances. Mice were exposed to EMF emitted by the WPT biosafety experimental platform for various durations. And they were divided into four groups (control group, 2-week exposure group, 4-week exposure group, and 8-week exposure group). Upon completion of the exposure period, the study employed the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test to evaluate the learning and memory capabilities of the animals. Following this, whole-cell patch-clamp experiments were conducted to record the action potentials (AP) and potassium currents. It was revealed by our observations that, in comparison to mice without electromagnetic exposure, long-term exposure to WPT-emitted EMF resulted in accelerated release of action potentials, inhibited the activation of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels (VGKCs) current, accelerated the deactivation of K⁺ channel current, and thus significantly improved the excitability of neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of mice, but did not significantly affect cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics search of highly magnetized blood laden with copper-gold-titania nanoparticles in a ciliary artery with catheterization and entropy.","authors":"Tilak Kumar Pal, Sanatan Das","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2443835","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2024.2443835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomagnetic fluid dynamics (BFD) is an emerging and promising field within fluid mechanics, focusing on the dynamics of bio-fluids like blood in the presence of magnetic fields. This research is crucial in the medical arena for applications such as medication delivery, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, prevention of excessive bleeding, and treatment of malignant tumors using magnetic particles. This study delves into the intricacies of blood flow induced by cilia, carrying trihybrid nanoparticles (gold, copper, and titania), within a catheterized arterial annulus under a robust magnetic field. The model incorporates factors like Hall and ion-slip currents (electromagnetic effects on charged particles), metachronal propulsion (movement of cilia for propulsion), viscous dissipation, and entropy. The physical equations in the model are transformed from the laboratory frame to a wave frame and then simplified using conditions like low Reynolds number and long wavelength. Optimal series solutions are obtained through the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The research explores how various physical parameters shape the bloodstream's features, presenting and analyzing these visually. A notable finding is that an intensification in Hall and ion-slip parameters results in higher blood velocity within the catheterized annulus. Blood cooling is observed with a higher loading of suspended nanoparticles. Entropy generation increases with growing values of Hall and ion-slip parameters, while the reverse trend is noted for the Bejan number. The wall shearing stress (WSS) reduces by 2.84% for 1% increase in Hall parameter. The study also provides a brief overview of how blood boluses (or clumps of blood) are structured under the influence of operating parameters. The modified hybrid nano-blood (MHNB) forms smaller and fewer boluses compared to pure blood (PB). Additionally, longer cilia length results in enhanced trapping of boluses due to stronger recovery motions of the cilia. This research holds potential benefits for practitioners and researchers in diagnosing and assessing conditions such as coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart abnormalities, as well as for understanding traumatic brain injury and neurological surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"26-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low frequency magnetic field exposure and neurodegenerative disease: systematic review of animal studies.","authors":"Rianne Stam","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2025.2540435","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2025.2540435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiological studies have found an association between occupational exposure to low frequency magnetic fields and the occurrence of motor neuron disease and Alzheimer's disease. No association has been found for Parkinson's disease and the evidence for multiple sclerosis is insufficient. Animal models studying the effects of low frequency magnetic fields on neurodegenerative disease induction or progression could provide more evidence on causation and the underlying mechanisms. A systematic search and review was conducted of peer-reviewed research articles involving animal experiments on the effects of low frequency magnetic field exposure on behavioural and neuroanatomical outcomes relevant for neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Firstly, experimental studies in <i>naive animals</i> do not support a causal relationship between exposure to low frequency magnetic fields and the induction of neuropathology relevant for Alzheimer's disease, but the number of studies relevant for motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease is too limited to draw conclusions. Secondly, experimental studies in <i>existing animal models for neurodegenerative disease</i> support a therapeutic (beneficial) effect of low frequency magnetic field treatment on behavioural and neuroanatomical abnormalities relevant for dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease and no effect on disease progression in models relevant for motor neuron disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"566-580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activating Transcription Factor 4 regulation of radiofrequency radiation-induced ferroptosis in osteoblasts.","authors":"Haiying Wang, Weijin Zou, Caihua Ding, Yi Cao","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2025.2547799","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2025.2547799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the ubiquitous presence of radiofrequency (RF) radiation sources in modern environments, concerns have been raised regarding their cytotoxic effects on osteoblasts and potential implications for skeletal health. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, focusing on ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death implicated in bone pathologies, and the role of Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4). Through comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of public gene expression databases, we identified significant correlations between differentially expressed genes and biological processes associated with lipid metabolism and ferroptosis. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were subjected to systematic evaluation under four distinct experimental conditions: a sham-exposed control group and three treatment groups exposed to calibrated RF radiation intensities - low (LRF, 50μW/cm²), moderate (MRF, 150μW/cm²), and high (HRF,450μW/cm²). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying RF-induced ferroptosis, both ATF4 knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed. The findings indicated that RF radiation at 150μW/cm² elicited the most pronounced effects, characterized by reduced osteoblast viability, elevated lipid peroxidation, disrupted redox balance, impaired mitochondrial function, and disturbances in iron homeostasis. Notably, <i>Atf4</i> knockdown exacerbated these deleterious effects, while its overexpression conferred protection against RF radiation-induced cellular damage. This study demonstrates the crucial role of ATF4 modulation in RF radiation-induced ferroptosis in osteoblasts, a process potentially contributing to bone disorders such as osteoporosis and impaired fracture healing. These findings suggest that targeting ATF4 may represent a promising therapeutic approach to mitigate the effects of RF radiation on bone health, thereby opening new avenues for intervention in environmentally influenced skeletal disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"551-565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of electromagnetic transduction therapy in patients with chronic myofascial pain: A pilot double-blinded randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Derek King Wai Yau, Ara Cheuk Yin Li, Hoi Yim Cheung, Ning Cheung, Anna Lee","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2025.2466491","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2025.2466491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electromagnetic transduction therapy (EMTT) is a non-invasive magnetic therapy with high oscillating electromagnetic field power. This pilot randomised controlled trial (ChiCTR1900021031) evaluated EMTT's potential efficacy in relieving pain and other non-symptomatic aspects of chronic myofascial pain (CMP). Forty patients with moderate-to-severe CMP were randomised into treatment (real-EMTT) or control (sham-EMTT) group, and received eight sessions of 20-minute real or sham EMTT over four weeks. Generalised estimating equation was used to estimate changes in outcomes, including Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Brief Pain Inventory Interference Scale (BPI-IS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Patient Global Impression of Change scale (PGIC) before and up to 6 months after treatment. Recruitment and compliance rates (95% confidence interval) were 39.6% (30.0%-49.8%) and 87.5% (73.2%-95.8%), respectively. There were no significant changes in NRS, BPI-IS and BDI over time (group*time <i>p</i> = 0.929, <i>p</i> = 0.949 and <i>p</i> = 0.608, respectively), and PGIC also did not differ between groups over time (all <i>p</i> > 0.050). Based on the variability of the NRS and non-compliance rate of the patients included in this pilot trial, a total sample size of 148 is required to achieve 80% power if a clinically meaningful reduction in NRS after EMTT treatment is 1.0 (with a superiority margin of 0.3).</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}