Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Computational dosimetry of electromagnetic and thermal exposure for pacemaker wearers in vehicle-to-vehicle environments.","authors":"Yanxia Song, Mai Lu","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2026.2695362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2026.2695362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study conducts a quantitative safety assessment for pacemaker wearers by evaluating their electromagnetic and thermal exposure to vehicle-mounted antennas in a realistic Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication scenario. An integrated exposure scenario comprising a vehicle with a V2V antenna, an implanted cardiac pacemaker, and an anatomical human model is constructed using COMSOL Multiphysics®. Coupled simulations of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) and bioheat transfer are conducted to compute the specific absorption rate averaged over 10g of tissue (SAR_10g) and the induced temperature rise. The results indicate that the peak SAR_10g occurs in the superficial tissues at the skin of the left ear, which is the region closest to the antenna and the vehicle's side window. The peak SAR_10g of skin tissue is 0.067 W/kg, which accounts for 3.35% of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) public exposure limit of 2 W/kg. Cardiac exposure SAR_10g peaks at a significantly lower value of 0.19 mW/kg. The maximum temperature rise at the critical pacemaker lead-electrode interface is 0.061°C, substantially below the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14708-2 safety threshold of 2°C. The corresponding temperature increase within the heart tissue is merely 0.059°C. All evaluated exposure values comply with ICNIRP guidelines for general public exposure. The findings indicate that the modeled V2V communications do not pose a health risk from RF-EMF exposure to pacemaker wearers in the investigated scenario, thereby providing key data to alleviate their travel safety concerns in current environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency-specific effects of pulsed magnetic field on BV2 microglial cell function.","authors":"Anning Song, Yaqing Zhao, Shuaiju Wu, Xinxin Xu","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2026.2694326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2026.2694326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) at different frequencies on phagocytosis, migration, and the expression of inflammatory factors in microglia. BV2 microglia were subjected to PMF at different frequencies for 3 d, twice daily. The changes of cell viability, phagocytosis and migration after magnetic stimulation were detected. The mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were determined using RT-PCR and ELISA. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 and intracellular Ca2+ level was detected through immunofluorescence. PMF at different frequencies did not affect microglial viability. Stimulation at all frequencies enhanced the ability of microglia to phagocytosis and migration. The mRNA expression level of IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly decreased by magnetic stimulation at 20 Hz and 40 Hz. However, only the protein level of IL-1β was significantly reduced by magnetic stimulation at 20 Hz, while TNF-α remained unaffected. Magnetic stimulation at 20 Hz and 40 Hz inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 and increased the intracellular Ca2+ level. Repetitive magnetic stimulation can modulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and enhance the phagocytosis and migration capacity of microglia in a frequency-dependent manner. This variation may be linked to differences in the activation of NF-κB and calcium in microglia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartwatch low-SAR approach based on antenna integrated with metamaterial protection layer.","authors":"Wen-Ying Zhou, Wen-Qi Hou, Ming-Fei Luo, Mai Lu, Yan-Wen Hu","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2026.2694327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2026.2694327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The design of smartwatch antennas confronts two challenges. The forward problem is related to how to reduce the performance degradation caused by the arm effect, while the inverse problem involves how to diminish the electromagnetic exposure of the antenna to the human body, especially for children who are sensitive to radiation. This paper presents a smartwatch antenna featuring a metamaterial protection layer, which satisfies the requirements of 4 G communication and Wi-Fi. The smartwatch antenna loaded with the metamaterial layer is fabricated. The electromagnetic exposure dose is simulated, and the reflection coefficient of the antenna is measured when it is worn on the arms of adults and children, respectively. Simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the addition of the metamaterial layer can alleviate the frequency shift; the bandwidth is improved by 8.8%, and the gain is enhanced by 7.8% at most. Furthermore, the peak specific absorption rate (SAR) values in the arms of children and adults decrease by up to 6% and 14%, respectively, conforming to the safety limits stipulated by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. The findings indicate that the proposed metamaterial layer with reflective performance can mitigate the reduction in radiation performance caused by the arm and concurrently minimize the radiation dose absorbed by the arm. This presents a viable strategy for electromagnetic radiation protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bi-layer hybrid nano-blood flow under electromagnetic actuation in a squeezing channel.","authors":"Pritam Chakraborty, Subhendu Das, Sanatan Das","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2026.2681026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2026.2681026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrokinetically driven squeezing flows are of increasing relevance in biomedical transport and microscale pumping systems, particularly in understanding complex blood dynamics in constricted arteries. This study explores the electroosmotic bi-layered hybrid nano-blood flow through a cardiovascular squeezing channel, incorporating nanolayer and thermal slip effects. The lower layer consists of Casson-type non-Newtonian blood with SWCNTs and gold nanoparticles, while the upper layer is modeled as a Newtonian fluid. The controlling equations for various flow quantities are presented using nonlinear partial differential equations and subsequently converted to a scale-invariant form through scale-invariant transformations. The coupled nonlinear system is numerically resolved through the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) approach in conjunction with a shooting scheme, executed in Mathematica to achieve stable and precise computational results. Results indicate that temperature enhances with increasing Hartmann number due to magnetic heating but diminishes with stronger interfacial ratio parameter. The Casson region exhibits more pronounced thermal and velocity gradients compared to the Newtonian region, reflecting physiological shear-thinning characteristics. This study employs an artificial neural network for rapid and precise evaluation of the skin friction coefficient demonstrating strong predictive accuracy with minimal error rates of 0.01%. These findings provide new insights into the interplay between electromagnetic and electroosmotic forces in nanofluidic blood transport. The model offers potential applications in optimizing targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia treatments and microvascular flow control in cardiovascular systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148152100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum coherence stabilization in biology via feedback with coherent background fields.","authors":"Meisam Ahmadi, Seyyed Peyman Shariatpanahi, Javad Shamsi, Ehsaneddin Asgari, Mohammad-Hadi Foroughmand-Araabi, Keivan Majidzadeh-A, Mohammad Reza Jahed Motlagh, Adel Torkaman Rahmani","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2026.2679035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2026.2679035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Living systems operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium while maintaining a high degree of internal order, raising the long-standing question of how fragile quantum coherence can persist in warm, noisy biological environments. While several biological processes exhibit signatures of quantum coherence, the physical mechanisms responsible for stabilizing such coherence remain an active area of debate. In this work, we present a phenomenological model demonstrating that quantum coherence in open spin systems can be stabilized through entropy-dependent feedback with a weakly coupled coherent field. We consider an open quantum spin ensemble subject to environmental decoherence, augmented by (i) entropy-sensitive suppression of decoherence and (ii) a coherence-inducing interaction that favors low-entropy, collectively coherent configurations. Using multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as representative low-entropy coherent states, numerical simulations reveal nonlinear threshold behavior, entropy collapse, and long-lived coherence despite strong environmental noise. These features provide clear signatures of a positive feedback loop, wherein coherence suppresses decoherence, reduced decoherence enhances coherence, and the resulting self-reinforcement stabilizes the system. Importantly, the model is agnostic to the physical origin of the coherent field and is compatible with a wide range of candidates, including internally generated biological oscillations, collective electromagnetic or redox dynamics, oxygen-mediated spin correlations, and other structured cellular fields. As an illustrative example, we discuss the potential role of an ultralight dark matter (ULDM) background field, whose predicted macroscopic coherence and oscillation frequencies could, in principle, participate in the same feedback mechanism. By separating the general principle of feedback-stabilized coherence from any specific physical realization, this work provides a unifying theoretical framework for understanding how quantum coherence may persist in open, noisy systems relevant to biological physics. The results suggest that coherence in living matter may arise not from isolation from the environment, but from structured coupling to coherent fields that dynamically regulate decoherence through entropy-sensitive feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A magnetic coupled resonance transmission-based regulation of LTP in the Schaffer-CA1 region of the hippocampus by WP-μMS.","authors":"Lei Dong, Junyao Zheng, Linlin Liu, Qiwen Liu, Chunxiao Tian, Yu Zheng","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2026.2677518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2026.2677518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micro-magnetic stimulation (μMS) holds the potential for precise modulation of deep brain regions; however, the dependence on externally powered cables significantly limits experimental flexibility and long-term applicability. To overcome this limitation, this study developed a wireless passive micro-magnetic stimulation (WP-μMS) device based on magnetic coupled resonance transmission. The primary objective is to systematically investigate the effects of WP-μMS on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 region across MHz-range frequencies and at magnetic field intensities below 1 mT, thereby expanding the parameter space for WP-μMS applications. This study first optimized the inductance parameters of the stimulation electrode to enhance efficacy and confirmed that the transmitting coil itself did not influence LTP in the hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 region. Based on this, the effects of magnetic stimulation at three frequencies (11 MHz, 8 MHz, and 5 MHz) were compared under a fixed magnetic field intensity of 0.67 mT. Then, the differential effects of 0.74 mT, 0.82 mT, and 0.98 mT were evaluated at a fixed frequency of 5 MHz. The results demonstrated that at a constant magnetic field intensity, all three frequencies enhanced LTP in the hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 region, with higher frequencies producing a more pronounced effect. At a constant frequency, the facilitatory effect of LTP becomes increasingly pronounced with the increase in the intensity of the stimulus magnetic field. These findings validate the feasibility of parameter-dependent modulation of hippocampal synaptic responses following LTP using WP-μMS within the MHz/mT parameter range and provide a foundation for future optimization of WP-μMS device parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of magnetic field and nanoparticle dynamics on peristaltic transport of non-newtonian fluid in wavy channel.","authors":"B J Gireesha, R Lakshmi, P Venkatesh","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2026.2667169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2026.2667169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wavy channel configurations have gained importance to improve transport phenomena in biological and engineering processes such as biomedical equipment, micro-flows, heat exchangers, and cooling systems, among others. With this in mind, the current research explores the peristaltic flow phenomenon of Ree-Eyring liquid in an inclined wavy channel taking into account the effect of both the magnetic field and nanoparticles transport mechanism using the Buongiorno's approach. The resulting nonlinear coupled partial differential equations for momentum, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions and solved analytically via OHAM technique. In the present investigation, the effect of different parameters on velocity distribution, temperature distribution, and concentration distribution is analyzed, and various other parameters of engineering interest such as skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, pressure gradient, and volume flux are also studied. It was observed that the presence of magnetic field opposes the movement of fluid by virtue of Lorentz force, and, on the other hand, the phenomenon of thermophoresis helps enhance thermal convection, whereas Brownian motion plays an important role in increasing the movement of nanoparticles. This interplay of different phenomena provides better understanding about the coupled flow mechanisms and its effective control.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2026.2665549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2026.2665549","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recording the extremely low frequency pulsations of wireless communication electromagnetic fields.","authors":"Dimitris J Panagopoulos, Roman Litovsky, Kent Chamberlin","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2026.2654072","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2026.2654072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All digital Wireless Communication (WC) electromagnetic field (EMF)/radiation (EMR) signals (from mobile/\"smart\" phones and corresponding base antennas, cordless domestic phones, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) routers, \"Bluetooth\" wireless connection among electronic devices, etc.) are emitted discontinuously, in the form of on/off pulses repeated at various Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) rates. Yet, many scientists ignore/underestimate these ELF pulsations, and characterize all WC emissions simply as Radio Frequency (RF)/Microwave (MW) signals. Here, we provide recordings of ELF pulsations with respect to time, emitted by the most common WC devices, specifically Wi-Fi router, 4^th and 5^th Generation (4G, 5G) mobile phones. We used a broadband antenna, connected to an RF spectrum analyzer (SA), calibrated the SA at the signal's carrier MW frequency and recorded the power of the final emitted RF/MW signal with respect to time. We recorded emissions at 10 ms, 100 ms, 1 s, and 2 s sweep times, capturing the pulses repeated at various ELF rates, clearly showing the ELF pulsing emissions from the WC devices. As in all real WC EMF signals emitted by commercially available devices and corresponding antennas, there is intense variability in the amplitude, shape, duration, and repetition frequency of the pulses. The present study, in combination with the Ion Forced Oscillation and Voltage-Gated Ion Channel (IFO-VGIC) mechanism of non-thermal EMF-bioeffects, imply that the non-thermal biological and health effects of WC EMFs are induced by the ELF pulsation, modulation and variability, and not by the standalone (non-modulated) RF carrier wave EMFs which can produce only heating.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical modeling and analysis of nonlinear peristaltic transport in thermally radiative Williamson nanofluids with magneto-diffusive coupling.","authors":"Yasir Khan, Safia Akram, Arshad Riaz, Alia Razia, A Alameer","doi":"10.1080/15368378.2025.2584978","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15368378.2025.2584978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present research examines the peristaltic blood flow by applying double diffusive convection confined in a non-uniform channel. The purpose is to study the impact of thermal radiation along with induced magnetic force utilizing the supposition of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The study covers the impact of thermal radiation and double diffusion which has significant implementation in the public health sector. Moreover, the induced magnetic flux, used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, is for diagnostic purposes in medicines and in therapies. Thermal radiation impact has been revealed under non-linearized Rosseland assumptions. The basic equations are first designed to simulate and then simplified using appropriate non-dimensional components. The resultant equations are numerically solved to evaluate the solution of pressure gradients, velocity, solute concentration, raise pressure, and nanoparticle volume fraction. The effectiveness of different emerging factors defining non-Newtonian hydrodynamic flow, such as the radiation parameter, Prandtl number, Hartmann number, Eckert number, particle volume fraction, electric field, and non-uniform parameter, is graphically demonstrated. The findings reveal the significant impact of Brinkman number on the temperature of the fluid. Thermal diffusion or conductivity increases with the rise in Brinkman number, and consequently the fluid's temperature increases. On the other hand, the decline in the concentration of the fluid is observed with increased Brinkman number. In addition, an increase in Soret and Dufour numbers also enhances the thermal diffusion and temperature which ultimately raises the fluid temperature. Heat radiation directly affects the concentration causing it to increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":50544,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"170-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}