Hakim AL Garalleh, Haroon Ur Rasheed, Waris Khan, Emad E. Mahmoud, Afnan Al Agha
{"title":"Computational Treatment of Three Dimensional Transient Magnetized Casson Fluid Across an Inclined Surface Subject to Heat Source/Sink and First Order Chemical Reaction Effect","authors":"Hakim AL Garalleh, Haroon Ur Rasheed, Waris Khan, Emad E. Mahmoud, Afnan Al Agha","doi":"10.1002/fld.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The induced convective flow of three-dimensional Casson nanofluid governed by a bi-directional stretching surface has potential practical implications in numerous engineering fields, such as heat exchangers, cooling systems for heat-generating devices, and more. This investigation aims to analytically examine the natural convection mechanism and heat transfer analysis of a Casson nanofluid inside a porous surface exposed to a uniform magnetic field. Moreover, this research explores the physical insights of thermal characteristics by incorporating the effects of chemical reactions, velocity slip, Brownian diffusion, and heat sources/sinks on the transient magnetohydrodynamic flow of the nanofluid. The proposed flow framework is described by a system of partial differential equations, which are transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations using appropriate variables. The closed-form solutions of a set of leading characteristic dimensionless equations are obtained analytically through the efficient homotopic analysis method. Furthermore, stability and convergence analyses of the series solutions are performed to validate the computational results explicitly. The computational findings reveal a significant decrease in flow velocity, temperature, and particle concentration profiles as the Casson fluid parameter increases. Additionally, the effects on skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are discussed in detail. This study aims to enhance the understanding of flow dynamics and heat and mass transfer mechanisms across various applications, offering valuable insights for engineering and scientific advancements. The authors accept that all the computational outcomes in this research, both analytical and numerical, are authentic and not published elsewhere.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 12","pages":"1506-1518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145436465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Space-Time Modeling and Numerical Simulations of Non-Newtonian Fluids Using Internal Variables","authors":"Philipp Junker, Thomas Wick","doi":"10.1002/fld.5406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The modeling of fluids is an important field for mechanics of materials. In this work, we demonstrate that Hamilton's principle, which is well-known for the modeling of solids, can also be formulated to derive the Navier–Stokes equations, which paves the way for easy inclusion of complex material constraints. Furthermore, we expand Hamilton's principle to enable the introduction of “internal variables”, which describe the space- and time-dependent evolution of the material properties. Hereby, a novel strategy for the modeling of non-Newtonian fluids is given. Eventually, Hamilton's principle inherently enables a space-time formulation with the automatic derivation of the correct formal functional setting, which covers different scales of viscosity through the internal variable. The resulting system is a space-time multiscale model for fluid flow, which is based on an additional partial differential equation. The model constitutes thus a much more adaptive description of the complex processes in non-Newtonian fluid flow as possible for classical models based on algebraic constitutive laws. This also includes a spatially and temporally <i>local</i> evolution of the effective viscosity, depending on the local flow conditions rather than material parameters and resulting in both shear-thinning and shear-thickening behavior. Numerical examples substantiate our proposed setting by some studies from Newtonian flow to non-Newtonian regimes with fading or increasing viscosity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 12","pages":"1457-1481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fld.5406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unified Interpolated-Based Scheme for Curved Boundary Treatment of the Discrete Unified Gas Kinetic Scheme","authors":"Wenqiang Guo","doi":"10.1002/fld.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper proposes the unified interpolated-based scheme for curved boundary treatment of the discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS). The construction of the proposed boundary scheme is the combination of interpolation and the straight boundary condition (i.e., bounce-back (BB), non-equilibrium bounce-back (NEBB), and moment-based scheme). To note that, this paper is the first to adopt the moment-based boundary condition to combine with the interpolation-based scheme for curved boundary treatment. The asymptotic analysis confirms that the proposed schemes are of first-order accuracy. Their feasibility and accuracy are examined for different spatial grid resolutions through several numerical tests. They are robust and easy to implement. The results agree well with the analytical solution and validate the first-order accuracy. It is found that the moment-based scheme has better accuracy than both BB and NEBB schemes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 12","pages":"1482-1505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakub Siemaszko, Rention Pasolari, Alexander van Zuijlen
{"title":"Accelerating Vortex Particle Methods by Downsampling the Vorticity Field Representation","authors":"Jakub Siemaszko, Rention Pasolari, Alexander van Zuijlen","doi":"10.1002/fld.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Computational efficiency of vortex particle methods (VPMs) is hindered by the particle count increasing in simulation time. To reduce the number of computational elements, two algorithms are presented that downsample the discretized vorticity field representation in two-dimensional variable-core-size VPMs. The two methods are based on existing schemes of particle merging and regridding, and are adapted to follow a compression parameter set a priori. The effectiveness of the schemes is demonstrated on two benchmark cases of external flow: A stationary Lamb-Oseen vortex and an advecting vortex dipole. In both cases, compression is associated with a drastic reduction in particle count and computation time at a cost of diffusive errors in the vorticity field. Crucially, for gentle compression steps applied at appropriate intervals, the immediate errors in the vorticity field are comparable to reference cases despite great improvements in computational time. To examine the long-term impact of compression on accuracy and performance, it is recommended that repeated compressive steps be tested on more complex cases of bluff-body wakes, with a focus on the impact of downsampling on surface forces.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 11","pages":"1410-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fld.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. C. Bourantas, A. Sakellarios, N. Malamos, V. C. Loukopoulos, V. N. Burganos, K. Miller, A. Langousis, D. I. Fotiadis, A. A. Dimas, V. M. Calo
{"title":"The Discretization-Corrected Particle Strength Method for the Barotropic Vorticity Equations","authors":"G. C. Bourantas, A. Sakellarios, N. Malamos, V. C. Loukopoulos, V. N. Burganos, K. Miller, A. Langousis, D. I. Fotiadis, A. A. Dimas, V. M. Calo","doi":"10.1002/fld.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a novel meshless Lagrangian method for numerically solving the barotropic vorticity equation on a rotating sphere, an essential model in geophysical fluid dynamics. Our approach combines a particle-based discretization with a Discretization Corrected Particle Strength Exchange (DCPSE) operator, offering a consistent and accurate approximation of differential operators on unstructured node distributions. The method is implemented in a fully Lagrangian framework, inherently conserving circulation and enabling straightforward adaptation to complex geometries. We validate the proposed scheme against standard test cases for global circulation and Rossby-Haurwitz waves. The results demonstrate excellent agreement with reference solutions obtained from high-resolution spectral and finite difference models. In particular, our method captures the essential dynamics of the vorticity field with high fidelity and low numerical diffusion, while exhibiting convergence and stability properties suitable for long-term integrations. This study highlights the potential of meshless Lagrangian techniques in large-scale geophysical simulations. These techniques provide an alternative to traditional grid-based approaches and facilitate the natural handling of adaptive and irregular node distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 11","pages":"1426-1440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fld.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermally Radiative Flow of Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux in MHD Darcy–Forchheimer Micropolar Nanofluid With Activation Energy","authors":"Kakanuti Malleswari, Jintu Mani Nath, Mulinti Vinodkumar Reddy, Kakarla Ramakrishna Reddy, Bamdeb Dey","doi":"10.1002/fld.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present inquiry examines the necessity for enhanced thermal transfer approaches across multiple industrial domains, such as energy generation and processing of materials, through an investigation of the intricate dynamics of micropolar nanofluids. The main objective is to numerically simulate the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) to investigate the radiative behavior of Darcy–Forchheimer micropolar nanofluids, including the effects of activation energy. The study presumes steady-state conditions and employs particular constitutive equations to characterize the behavior of the nanofluid. The governing equations, which incorporate binary chemical interactions, radiation, and a thermal source, are reformulated with similarity variables into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The BVP4C MATLAB software is utilized for obtaining numerical solutions. The study indicates that an increase in thermophoresis, thermal source, radiation, and Brownian motion factors improves thermal distributions in micropolar nanofluid flow. Moreover, increased radiation parameters result in a rise in the thermal transmission rate, while enhancing activation energy factors leads to a decrease. The findings are essential for enhancing temperature control in systems and for the development of efficient thermal appliances.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 11","pages":"1441-1455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control Volume Free Element Method for Solving Turbulent Forced and Natural Convection Problems","authors":"Jin-Xing Ding, Hua-Yu Liu, Xiao-Wei Gao","doi":"10.1002/fld.5403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5403","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, the control volume free element method (CVFrEM) is proposed for turbulent forced and natural convection problems. In the proposed method, the control volume at each collocation node is generated locally within the free element formed for the node, based on which the governing equations are discretized using the Green-Gauss formula. In contrast to conventional segregated SIMPLE-like algorithms, the newly proposed method achieves fully coupled velocity and pressure, thereby significantly improving convergence characteristics. The computational framework has been validated through the turbulent natural and forced convection problems involving conjugate heat transfer. Comprehensive verification has been carried out by systematically comparing numerical results with benchmark solutions from the literature and experimental measurements. Numerical experiments on several test cases demonstrate the computational efficiency of the proposed method and its numerical robustness.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 11","pages":"1397-1409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Filter-Matrix Lattice-Boltzmann Methodology for Convective Melting and Solidification","authors":"Celeke Bus, Thorben Besseling, Martin Rohde","doi":"10.1002/fld.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a methodology for simulating melting and solidification within a lattice Boltzmann framework utilizing filter-matrix collision operators. This approach integrates a source-based enthalpy method for phase change and an immersed boundary scheme to enforce the no-slip condition at the evolving phase interface. The proposed methodology demonstrates excellent agreement with benchmark cases, including the Stefan problem and the analytical model for transient freezing in channel flow between two isothermally cooled parallel plates. Further validation is performed on two more complex scenarios: Ice layer formation in a cavity driven by natural convection and channel flow with a constant flux of heat removal, both of which show strong agreement with reference data. Given the enhanced stability of filter-matrix collision operators, future work could extend this approach to turbulent melting and solidification simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 10","pages":"1379-1393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fld.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Error Analysis of a Pressure-Correction Method With Explicit Time-Stepping","authors":"Utku Kaya, Thomas Richter","doi":"10.1002/fld.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pressure-correction method is a well-established approach for simulating unsteady, incompressible fluids. It is well-known that implicit discretization of the time derivative in the momentum equation, for example, using a backward differentiation formula with explicit handling of the nonlinear term, results in a conditionally stable method. In certain scenarios, employing explicit time integration in the momentum equation can be advantageous, as it avoids the need to solve for a system matrix involving each differential operator. Additionally, we demonstrate that the fully discrete method can be written in the form of simple matrix-vector multiplications, allowing for efficient implementation on modern and highly parallel acceleration hardware. Despite being a common practice in various commercial codes, there is currently no literature available on error analysis for this scenario. In this work, we conduct a theoretical analysis of both implicit and two explicit variants of the pressure-correction method in a fully discrete setting. We demonstrate the extent to which the presented implicit and explicit methods exhibit conditional stability. Furthermore, we establish a Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) type condition for the explicit scheme and show that the explicit variant demonstrates the same asymptotic behavior as the implicit variant when the CFL condition is satisfied.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 10","pages":"1363-1378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fld.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal–Hydraulic Performance of Nanofluids in Turbulent Separated Flow Induced by Double Forward Facing Step With Converging/Diverging Wall","authors":"Mahmoud Jourabian, Mehrdad Raeesi","doi":"10.1002/fld.5409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Researchers have proposed multifarious passive methods for heat transfer augmentation over geometries with separation and reattachment. In this study, the turbulent forced convection flow of water-based CNT-TiO<sub>2</sub> hybrid nanofluid, ND-Ni hybrid nanofluid, and mono Ni nanofluid (with temperature-dependent properties) in a double forward-facing step channel with a converging/diverging bottom adiabatic wall is evaluated. The single-phase shear stress transport <i>k</i>-<i>ω</i> model is applied to solve the governing equations. Results indicate that the highest thermo-hydraulic performance (the value of figure-of-merit is equal to 1.1) can be achieved using TiO<sub>2</sub>-CNT/water HyNf with <i>ϕ</i> = 0.002. Generally, as the velocity of the incoming stream is reduced, the thermal efficacy of HyNf improves. When the water-based NFs are not an effective heat transfer fluid (inducing a performance evaluation criterion lower than unity), the diverging channel (weakening of the contact between surfaces with constant heat flux and working fluid) can be employed instead of the DFFS channel while the Reynolds number of the incoming flow reduces as well. It is found that the thermal efficacy of water-based NFs in complex separated flows depends strongly not only on the deflection angle of the bottom adiabatic wall but also on the velocity of the incoming flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 10","pages":"1343-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fld.5409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}