International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids最新文献

{"title":"A High-Order Hybrid-Spectral Incompressible Navier–Stokes Model for Non-Linear Water Waves","authors":"Anders Melander,&nbsp;Max Ebstrup Bitsch,&nbsp;Dong Chen,&nbsp;Allan Peter Engsig-Karup","doi":"10.1002/fld.5387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5387","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a new high-order accurate computational fluid dynamics model based on the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with a free surface for the accurate simulation of non-linear and dispersive water waves in the time domain. The spatial discretization is based on Chebyshev polynomials in the vertical direction and a Fourier basis in the horizontal direction, allowing for the use of the fast Chebyshev and Fourier transforms for the efficient computation of spatial derivatives. The temporal discretization is done through a generalized low-storage explicit fourth-order Runge–Kutta, and for the scheme to conserve mass and achieve high-order accuracy, a velocity-pressure coupling needs to be satisfied at all Runge–Kutta stages. This results in the emergence of a Poisson pressure problem that constitutes a geometric conservation law for mass conservation. The occurring Poisson problem is proposed to be solved efficiently via an accelerated iterative solver based on a geometric <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ p $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-multigrid scheme, which takes advantage of the high-order polynomial basis in the spatial discretization and hence distinguishes itself from conventional low-order numerical schemes. We present numerical experiments for validation of the scheme in the context of numerical wave tanks demonstrating that the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ p $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-multigrid accelerated numerical scheme can effectively solve the Poisson problem that constitute the computational bottleneck, that the model can achieve the desired spectral convergence, and is capable of simulating wave-propagation over non-flat bottoms with excellent agreement in comparison to experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 6","pages":"1009-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fld.5387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing 3D Steady Variable Coefficients Convection–Diffusion-Reaction Equations via a Hybrid Element-Free Galerkin Method","authors":"Jiao Zhang,&nbsp;Yi-Chen Yang,&nbsp;Feng-Bin Liu,&nbsp;Heng Cheng","doi":"10.1002/fld.5386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5386","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study introduces a hybrid element-free Galerkin (HEFG) method to analyze the 3D steady convection–diffusion-reaction equation. By introducing the dimension-splitting method, the governing equation can be split into 2D form in each layer. The 2D form can be solved using the improved element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method with improved moving least-squares (IMLS) approximation as shape function, and discretized equations of 2D form are derived. The finite difference method (FDM) is selected to handle first- and second-order derivatives in the splitting direction. Thus, new 2D discretized equations in each plane are derived, and the final solved equation of the original 3D problem is obtained by coupling these 2D discretized equations. In numerical examples, we study the astringency of the HEFG method by examining the impact of layer and node on relative errors, and the computing time and accuracy of numerical solutions are compared with the dimension-coupling method (DCM), IEFG method, and exact one. The HEFG method can significantly reduce the calculation times of the IEFG method. Compared with the DCM, the advantage of the proposed method is its shorter computing time when dealing with essential boundaries in a splitting direction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 6","pages":"996-1008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Adjoint to Proudman's Formula for Aeroacoustic Shape Optimization","authors":"M. Erfan Farhikhteh,&nbsp;E. M. Papoutsis Kiachagias,&nbsp;K. C. Giannakoglou","doi":"10.1002/fld.5378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents an approach for aeroacoustic optimization through the reduction of acoustic sources, based on the integration of Proudman's formula into a continuous adjoint framework coupled with the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, for the first-time. The development includes the adjoint to the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mi>ω</mi>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 <mi>T</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ k-omega kern0.3em SST $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> turbulence model. Here, Proudman's formula is used to compute acoustic emissions of turbulent flows around aerodynamic bodies using the turbulent kinetic energy and specific rate of dissipation. Broadband noise generation through Proudman's formula is initially validated for a case including the flow around an isolated airfoil. Subsequently, the sensitivity derivatives of an objective function quantifying acoustic sources are verified against finite differences, with optimizations of two isolated airfoils and the MEXICO wind turbine following. Optimizations are conducted by extending the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>a</mi>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>j</mi>\u0000 <mi>o</mi>\u0000 <mi>i</mi>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mi>i</mi>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 <mi>i</mi>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 <mi>a</mi>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mi>i</mi>\u0000 <mi>o</mi>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <mi>F</mi>\u0000 <mi>o</mi>\u0000 <mi>a</mi>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ adjointOptimisationFoam $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> tool in OpenFOAM, developed and made publicly available by the group. During the optimization, constraints on the lift force, the drag force, the pitching moment coefficient, the torque, the trailing edge thickness, and airfoil volume are imposed, depending on the case. The geometries and grids are parameterized using PARSEC and morphing boxes based on volumetric B-Splines. The optimizations result in shapes with reduced acoustic sources while preserving aerodynamic efficiency, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed method and programmed software.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 6","pages":"966-984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fld.5378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A WPOD-Kriging Reduced-Order Method for Parametric CFD Simulations","authors":"Zhehao Xia,&nbsp;Yizhong Wu","doi":"10.1002/fld.5383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5383","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation usually carries a heavy computational burden, especially for parametric CFD simulations requiring multiple calculations. To address this challenge, researchers have developed reduced-order modeling (ROM) to significantly decrease the computational burden by building a simplified model. This article proposes a hybrid method of weighted proper orthogonal decomposition and Kriging, a novel reduced-order method. This method improves the accuracy of the reduced-order model by assigning appropriate weights to the samples while estimating the specific design parameters. The main innovation of this work is the development of the optimized method for generating the weights. Firstly, the leave-one-out method is employed to divide the samples into the training set and test set, and the multivariate Gaussian distribution is used to convert the Euclidean distance between the training set and test set into weight. Then, we adopt the WPOD-Kriging method to construct a reduced-order model using the training set. This model is compared with the test set to obtain the error. By repeatedly resetting the training set and the test set, we receive multiple errors and average them to calculate the global error. This process involves an important parameter, which is the covariance matrix of multivariate Gaussian distribution. We can generate the optimal covariance matrix by minimizing the global error to achieve the optimized method for generating the weights. The efficacy of the WPOD-Kriging method is validated through three parametric CFD simulations. Compared to other similar approaches, the proposed method offers a more accurate reduced-order model.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 6","pages":"985-995"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Insights Into Nanoscale Heat Dynamics of Chemically Reactive and Magnetized Carreau Hybrid Bio-Nanofluid Using a Multilayer Supervised Neural Computing Scheme","authors":"Adil Darvesh,&nbsp;Jeerawan Suksamran,&nbsp;Sekson Sirisubtawee","doi":"10.1002/fld.5385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5385","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of well-designed nanoparticles in blood fluid can enhance heat transfer during medical interventions by improving thermophysical characteristics. It enables for targeted heat delivery to specific sites by increasing surface area for better heat exchange, which is crucial in more efficient treatments. The current attempt emphasizes on the enhanced thermal transport mechanism in an aluminium alloy suspended Copper-based blood nanofluid over an inclined cylindrical surface containing motile gyrotactic microbes. The Carreau fluid viscosity model is implemented to expose the intricate nature of bio-nanofluid, while the heating source is used to simulate the bio-convective heat transport mechanism. In addition, the viscosity of hybrid bio-nanofluids exhibits temperature effects that depend on nanoparticle volume friction dependencies related to the dynamics of spherical and cylindrical shapes with distinct shape factors. The physical generated system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is derived and then transformed into a dimensionless system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity functions. The resulting system is reduced into first-order differential equations and a numerical solution is obtained by using a hybrid computational procedure. The trend of fluid profiles is examined by mean of governing parameters. Results are interpreted via tabular data and MATLAB visualization. It is observed that gravity and surface friction impede the flow direction with inclined magnetic field orientation which causes a decrease in velocity and an increase in the temperature profile. A declining trend is noted in the microbe profile due to higher values of the Peclet number and numeric growth in the value of the motile microbe's factor. Heat transport rate and drag force coefficients for both spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles differ by reasonable amounts. The proposed results build a bridge between traditional computational-based simulations and advanced ANN-based approaches, establishing a robust foundation for advanced applications in biomedical engineering.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 6","pages":"940-965"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid CBSQI-WENO Schemes for Convection-Diffusion Problems","authors":"Prasanta Kumar Barik,&nbsp;Asha Kisan Dond,&nbsp;Amjad Hasan,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar","doi":"10.1002/fld.5380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5380","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The B-spline Quasi-Interpolation (BSQI) based numerical scheme is a successful method for obtaining the solution to partial differential equations under sufficient regularity conditions. However, it can lead to instability and spurious oscillations in the numerical solution when high gradients or discontinuities are present. To address this issue, this article proposes a hybrid version of the BSQI scheme to solve convection-diffusion problems. The hybrid scheme combines the Cubic BSQI (CBSQI) scheme with the fifth-order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) method to approximate the convective flux, and is able to compute the solution in a non-oscillatory manner. Further, we have introduced an approximate smoothness indicator for the larger stencil of the WENO scheme, derived from the smoothness indicator of the lower-order stencils. The approximate smoothness indicator is used as a troubled-cell indicator in a hybrid scheme and has allowed us to develop an efficient version of the WENO-AO(5,3) scheme (Balsara et al. J. Comp. Phy. 2016), which we call WENO-AOA(5,3) scheme. Additionally, we propose a fifth-order hybrid scheme that combines a finite-difference approximation with the WENO-AOA(5,3) scheme to solve convection-diffusion equations. To validate the proposed schemes, we conduct tests on multiple 1D and 2D cases. The hybrid schemes produce comparable results to the WENO scheme while being more computationally efficient. Specifically, the hybrid schemes are 50%–70% more efficient than the WENO-AOA(5,3) scheme, while the WENO-AOA(5,3) scheme has a 2%–15% advantage over the WENO-AO(5,3) scheme.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 6","pages":"914-939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mollified Sharp-Interface Direct Forcing Method for Suppressing Spurious Oscillations in Moving Immersed Body Simulations","authors":"Pengcheng Liu,&nbsp;Zhihua Xie,&nbsp;Xun Han,&nbsp;Pengzhi Lin","doi":"10.1002/fld.5382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5382","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effects of complex boundary conditions on flows are represented by a volume force in the direct forcing method. This representation introduces spurious oscillations of the volume force in moving immersed body simulations. The present study focuses on the issues of spurious oscillations including pressure and force in the direct forcing method when encountering moving immersed body problems. In this study, the sources of the spurious pressure oscillations in the Cartesian fractional step framework are firstly analyzed theoretically, and then a novel smoothing method for the sharp-interface direct forcing method is proposed, which could significantly suppress the spurious oscillations of the volume force and consequently the pressure field for simulating moving immersed body flow problems. Several canonical moving body flow cases are simulated as benchmarks to demonstrate the advantages of the present method for suppressing spurious pressure oscillations, while the results match remarkably well with previous experiments and numerical studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 6","pages":"893-913"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High-Order Hybrid Compact-WENO Finite-Difference Immersed Boundary Method for Computing Two-Dimensional Inviscid Compressible Flows","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Marashi,&nbsp;Kazem Hejranfar","doi":"10.1002/fld.5376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5376","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, a high-order hybrid compact-weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme is applied in conjunction with the immersed boundary method for efficiently computing compressible inviscid flows around two-dimensional solid bodies. For this aim, the two-dimensional unsteady compressible Euler equations written in the conservative form are considered and they are discretized in the space by using the hybrid fifth-order compact-WENO (CW) finite-difference scheme and the third-order explicit TVD Runge–Kutta scheme in the time. The solid bodies are appropriately imposed to the computational domain by using the immersed boundary method as an effective procedure in modeling the complex configurations without the difficulties usually encountered in generating the computational grid over such problems. Different test cases are simulated by applying the hybrid CW immersed boundary method and the present results are compared with those of available finite-difference immersed boundary methods. To further assess the solution method applied, the present results are also obtained by the high-order WENO immersed boundary scheme, and these two high-order accurate solution procedures are thoroughly compared with each other. The main advantage of using the hybrid CW finite-difference immersed boundary method applied here is that it provides a more accurate solution with lower computational cost in comparison with the traditional and high-order WENO finite-difference immersed boundary methods. It is shown that the solution procedure based on the hybrid CW scheme implemented via the immersed boundary method has still reasonable shock-capturing features and it can effectively be applied for accurately computing the compressible inviscid flows with the complicated flow structures and the embedded discontinuities such as the shocks over the complicated geometries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 6","pages":"875-892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Energy Budgets in Droplet Dynamics: A Recurrent Neural Network Approach","authors":"Diego A. de Aguiar,&nbsp;Hugo L. França,&nbsp;Cassio M. Oishi","doi":"10.1002/fld.5381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5381","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The application of neural network-based modeling presents an efficient approach for exploring complex fluid dynamics, including droplet flow. In this study, we employ Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks to predict energy budgets in droplet dynamics under surface tension effects. Two scenarios are explored: Droplets of various initial shapes impacting on a solid surface and collision of droplets. Using dimensionless numbers and droplet diameter time series data from numerical simulations, LSTM accurately predicts kinetic, dissipative, and surface energy trends at various Reynolds and Weber numbers. Numerical simulations are conducted through an in-house front-tracking code integrated with a finite-difference framework, enhanced by a particle extraction technique for interface acquisition from experimental images. Moreover, a two-stage sequential neural network is introduced to predict energy metrics and subsequently estimate static parameters such as Reynolds and Weber numbers. Although validated primarily on simulation data, the methodology demonstrates the potential for extension to experimental datasets. This approach offers valuable insights for applications such as inkjet printing, combustion engines, and other systems where energy budgets and dissipation rates are important. The study also highlights the importance of machine learning strategies for advancing the analysis of droplet dynamics in combination with numerical and/or experimental data.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 5","pages":"854-873"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Low-Dissipation Hybrid Fourth-Order Center-Upwind WENO Scheme With Virtual Sub-Stencil for Compressible Flows","authors":"Shujiang Tang,&nbsp;Chunmei Liu","doi":"10.1002/fld.5384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5384","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, a novel fourth-order center-upwind WENO scheme is proposed for the fifth-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) scheme with innovative improvements. This scheme achieves an effective reduction in numerical dissipation and a significant improvement in scheme adaptability by introducing a virtual sub-stencil dynamically controlled by a switching function. The core of the study lies in the redesign of the sub-stencil of the fifth-order WENO, which is decomposed into two two-point sub-stencils, and the automatic selection and switching between the sub-stencils is achieved by the switching function. In addition, the new scheme achieves adaptive optimization under different flow conditions by dynamically adjusting the linear weights, allowing flexible switching between the fourth-order central and fifth-order WENO schemes. Through the spectral characterization of the ADR method and the empirical validation of a series of benchmark numerical test cases, the new scheme demonstrates lower power dissipation and higher resolution, verifying its effectiveness and application potential in high-precision numerical simulations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"97 5","pages":"840-853"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}