International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids最新文献

{"title":"Comparative analysis of nondimensionalization approaches for solving the 2-D differentially heated cavity problem","authors":"F. I. Molina-Herrera,&nbsp;L. I. Quemada-Villagómez,&nbsp;J. L. Navarrete-Bolaños,&nbsp;H. Jiménez-Islas","doi":"10.1002/fld.5285","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fld.5285","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work reports a numerical study on the effect of three nondimensionalization approaches that are commonly used to solve the classic problem of the 2-D differentially heated cavity. The governing equations were discretized using orthogonal collocation with Legendre polynomials, and the resulting algebraic system was solved via Newton–Raphson method with LU factorization. The simulations were performed for Rayleigh numbers between 10³ and 10⁸, considering the Prandtl number equal to 0.71 and a geometric aspect ratio equal to 1, analyzing the convergence and the computation time on the flow lines, isotherms and the Nusselt number. The mesh size that provides independent results was 51 × 51. Approach II was the most suitable for the nondimensionalization of the differentially heated cavity problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"96 7","pages":"1276-1303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mathematical-boundary-recognition domain-decomposition Lattice Boltzmann method combined with large eddy simulation applied to airfoil aeroacoustics simulation","authors":"Qi Jia,&nbsp;Jin Zhang,&nbsp;Wen-zhi Liang,&nbsp;Pei-qing Liu,&nbsp;Qiu-lin Qu","doi":"10.1002/fld.5287","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fld.5287","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Being a direct computational aeroacoustics method, Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has great potential and broad application perspective in the field of numerical simulation of aerodynamic noise due to its low dispersion and low dissipation. A series of numerical algorithms and the related improvements based on the standard LBM method are proposed and developed in this paper to adapt to the airfoil noise calculation with complex grid at middle-high Reynolds number. First, a new mathematical-boundary-recognition algorithm based on Green's formula is proposed to deal with complex curved geometric models, which is validated by three-element airfoil 30P30N benchmark. Then, in order to reduce grid redundancy and improve computing efficiency, the grid refinement technique of domain decomposition model (DDM) is adopted and also improved, which is verified by calculating the flow and sound fields around 2D and 3D cylinders at Reynolds number equal to 90,000. Finally, three different LES turbulence models are combined with the standard MRT-LBM method, where different finite difference schemes are used to solve Reynolds stress tensor which is different from the traditional one. Through the direct acoustic numerical simulation of NACA0012 airfoil at Reynolds number equal to 200,000, the effects of Smagorinsky models and Wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) model on aerodynamic noise prediction are compared and analyzed. Overall, the proposed methodology is shown to be appropriate for predicting the aerodynamic noise at low Mach number and can successfully simulate the generation and propagation of far field acoustics.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"96 7","pages":"1250-1275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven turbulence modeling for the Reynolds stress tensor transport equation","authors":"Matheus S. S. Macedo,&nbsp;Matheus A. Cruz,&nbsp;Bernardo P. Brener,&nbsp;Roney L. Thompson","doi":"10.1002/fld.5284","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fld.5284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The long lasting demand for better turbulence models and the still prohibitively computational cost of high-fidelity fluid dynamics simulations, like direct numerical simulations and large eddy simulations, have led to a rising interest in coupling available high-fidelity datasets and popular, yet limited, Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes simulations through machine learning (ML) techniques. Many of the recent advances used the Reynolds stress tensor or, less frequently, the Reynolds force vector as the target for these corrections. In the present work, we considered an unexplored strategy, namely to use the modeled terms of the Reynolds stress transport equation as the target for the ML predictions, employing a neural network approach. After that, we solve the coupled set of governing equations to obtain the mean velocity field. We apply this strategy to solve the flow through a square duct. The obtained results consistently recover the secondary flow, which is not present in the baseline simulations that used the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>κ</mi>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mi>ϵ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ kappa -epsilon $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> model. The results were compared with other approaches of the literature, showing a path that can be useful in the seek of more universal models in turbulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"96 7","pages":"1194-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a cascaded lattice Boltzmann model for two-layer shallow water flows","authors":"Silvia Di Francesco,&nbsp;Sara Venturi,&nbsp;Jessica Padrone,&nbsp;Antonio Agresta","doi":"10.1002/fld.5288","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fld.5288","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many environmental phenomena, such as flows in rivers or in coastal region can be characterised by means of the ‘shallow approach’. A multi-layer scheme allows to extend it to density layered shallow water flows (e.g., gravity currents). Although a variety of models allowing numerical investigation of single and multi-layer shallow water flows, based on continuum and particle approaches, have been widely discussed, there are still some computational aspects that need further investigation. Focusing on the Lattice Boltzmann models (LBM), available multi-layer models generally use the standard linear collision operator (CO). In this work we adopt a multi relaxation time (MRT) cascaded collision operator to develop a two-layered liquid Lattice-Boltzmann model (CaLB-2). Specifically, the model solves the shallow water equations, taking into account two separate sets of particle distribution function (PDF), one for each layer, solved separately. Layers are connected through coupling terms, defined as external forces that model the mutual actions between the two layers. The model is validated through comparisons with experimental and numerical results from test cases available in literature. First results are very promising, highlighting a good correspondence between simulation results and literature benchmarks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"96 7","pages":"1230-1249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced conservative phase field method for moving contact line problems","authors":"Mingguang Shen,&nbsp;Ben Q. Li","doi":"10.1002/fld.5286","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fld.5286","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The traditional Allen–Cahn phase field model doesn't conserve mass and is mostly used in solidification microstructure formation. However, a recently modified Allen–Cahn phase field model has riveted the attention of the academic community. It was obtained by subtracting the curvature-driven flow term from the advective Allen–Cahn phase field model, and thus improves the boundedness of the phase field. More recently, the model has been further refined with the recovered signed distance function to compute interface normal vectors. This paper develops a three dimensional phase field model, based on the abovementioned Allen–Cahn phase field model. The model was discretized using a finite difference method on a half-staggered grid. More important, interfacial tension was expressed in a potential form. The model was tested against a number of cases and was applied to impacts in various conditions. Besides, the model was parallelized using the shared memory parallelism, OpenMP, to facilitate computation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"96 7","pages":"1215-1229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On robust boundary treatments for wall-modeled LES with high-order discontinuous finite element methods","authors":"Yuma Fukushima,&nbsp;Takanori Haga","doi":"10.1002/fld.5281","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fld.5281","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To robustly and accurately simulate wall-bounded turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers, we propose suitable boundary treatments for wall-modeled large-eddy simulation (WMLES) coupled with a high-order flux reconstruction (FR) method. First, we show the need to impose an auxiliary boundary condition on auxiliary variables (solution gradients) that are commonly introduced in high-order discontinuous finite element methods (DFEMs). Auxiliary boundary conditions are introduced in WMLES, where the grid resolution is too coarse to resolve the inner layer of a turbulent boundary layer. Another boundary treatment to further enhance stability with under-resolved grids, is the use of a modal filter only in the wall-normal direction of wall-adjacent cells to remove the oscillations. A grid convergence study of turbulent channel flow with a high Reynolds number (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>e</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>≈</mo>\u0000 <mn>5200</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ R{e}_{tau}approx 5200 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) shows that the present WMLES framework accurately predicts velocity profiles, Reynolds shear stress, and skin friction coefficients at the grid resolutions recommended in the literature. It was confirmed that a small amount of filtering is sufficient to stabilize computation, with negligible influence on prediction accuracy. In addition, non-equilibrium periodic hill flow with a curved wall, including flow separation, reattachment, and acceleration at a high Reynolds number (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>e</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>h</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>≈</mo>\u0000 <mn>37</mn>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mn>000</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ R{e}_happrox 37,000 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>), is reported. Considering stability and the prediction accuracy, we recommend a loose auxiliary wall boundary conditions with a less steep velocity gradient for WMLES using high-order DFEMs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"96 7","pages":"1170-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140167692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of fluid-structure interaction using the boundary data immersion method with adaptive mesh refinement","authors":"Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Wei Ge","doi":"10.1002/fld.5283","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fld.5283","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fluid-structure interaction is simulated using the boundary data immersion method. As the fluid-structure interface is smeared in the smoothing region, deviations are incurred in fluid simulations. For compressible flow, high order difference schemes with more mesh cells for the stencils are usually employed to achieve high overall accuracy, but near interfaces it requires wider smoothing region of several mesh cells for computational stability and hence lowers its accuracy significantly. To address this issue, the proposed algorithm switches to lower order difference schemes near the interfaces and applies adaptive mesh refining there to compensate the accuracy loss. Implemented with Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement Application Infrastructure (SAMRAI), the algorithm shows notable improvement in the overall accuracy and efficiency in cases such as channel flow and flow past a cylinder. The algorithm is used to simulate the shock wave past a fixed or free cylinder with Ma <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 <mo>.</mo>\u0000 <mn>67</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ =2.67 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and Re <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>1482</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ =1482 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, which reveals the relaxation process and the temporal evolution of the drag coefficient, it goes through a valley and maintains at relatively high value for the fixed cylinder, while that of the free cylinder tends to decrease in fluctuation which is found to be caused by the interaction between the forward moving cylinder and vortexes in the unsteady wake.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"96 7","pages":"1156-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140167595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local discontinuous Galerkin method coupled with the implicit-explicit Runge–Kutta method for the time-dependent micropolar fluid equations","authors":"Mengqi Li,&nbsp;Demin Liu","doi":"10.1002/fld.5282","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fld.5282","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, the spatial local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) approximation coupled with the temporal implicit-explicit Runge–Kutta (RK) evolution for the micropolar fluid equations are adopted to construct the discretization method. To avoid the incompressibility constraint, the artificial compressibility strategy method is used to convert the micropolar fluid equations into the Cauchy–Kovalevskaja type equations. Then the LDG method based on the modal expansion and the implicit-explicit RK method are properly combined to construct the expected third-order method. Theoretically, the unconditionally stable of the fully discrete method are derived in multidimensions for triangular meshs. And the numerical experiments are given to verify the theoretical and effectiveness of the presented methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"96 7","pages":"1137-1155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140149688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A centered limited finite volume approximation of the momentum convection operator for low-order nonconforming face-centered discretizations","authors":"A. Brunel,&nbsp;R. Herbin,&nbsp;J.-C. Latché","doi":"10.1002/fld.5276","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fld.5276","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We propose in this article a discretization of the momentum convection operator for fluid flow simulations on quadrangular or generalized hexahedral meshes. The space discretization is performed by the low-order nonconforming Rannacher–Turek finite element: the scalar unknowns are associated with the cells of the mesh while the velocities unknowns are associated with the edges or faces. The momentum convection operator is of finite volume type, and its expression is derived, as in MUSCL schemes, by a two-step technique: &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ (i) $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; computation of a tentative flux, here, with a centered approximation of the velocity, and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ (ii) $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; limitation of this flux using monotonicity arguments. The limitation procedure is of algebraic type, in the sense that its does not invoke any slope reconstruction, and is independent from the geometry of the cells. The derived discrete convection operator applies both to constant or variable density flows and may thus be implemented in a scheme for incompressible or compressible flows. To achieve this goal, we derive a discrete analogue of the computation &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;∂&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ρ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;div&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ρ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"96 6","pages":"1104-1135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fld.5276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approximate inner solvers for block preconditioning of the incompressible Navier–Stokes problems discretized by isogeometric analysis","authors":"Jiří Egermaier,&nbsp;Hana Horníková","doi":"10.1002/fld.5280","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fld.5280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We deal with efficient numerical solution of the steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations (NSE) using our in-house solver based on the isogeometric analysis (IgA) approach. We are interested in the solution of the arising saddle-point linear systems using preconditioned Krylov subspace methods. Based on our comparison of ideal versions of several state-of-the-art block preconditioners for linear systems arising from the IgA discretization of the incompressible NSE, suitable candidates have been selected. In the present paper, we focus on selecting efficient approximate solvers for solving subsystems within these preconditioning methods. We investigate the impact on the convergence of the outer solver and aim to identify an effective combination. For this purpose, we compare convergence properties of the selected solution approaches for problems with different viscosity values, mesh refinement levels and discretization bases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50348,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","volume":"96 6","pages":"1078-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fld.5280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140072877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}