International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study of damage to double-hull structure by underwater explosions of three charge types - blasting, shaped, and linear shaped charges","authors":"Zhifan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuxin Yang ,&nbsp;Shenhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Longkan Wang ,&nbsp;Yutong Sui ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Guiyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, due to the improvement in ship protection capabilities, near-field underwater explosions no longer pose fatal damage to ships. Since stiffened plates are typical structures in ships, studying the impact of underwater explosions with different types of explosives on ships is of great significance. This experiment investigated the damage characteristics of blasting, shaped, and linear shaped charges on the same type of stiffened plate. The experimental results indicate that linear shaped charges can create larger penetration holes on target plates, but they suffer from insufficient flight capability. In contrast, shaped charges exhibit stronger penetrating power, yet they lack sufficient damage capability against target plates. Although the penetration capability of blasting charges is inferior to the first two, its overall deflection of the plate frame exceeds that caused by shaped charges and linear shaped charges by 1.6 % and 5.7 %, respectively. To further investigate the penetration process and the load characteristics of the penetrator, a finite element model was established in this paper. The numerical results show that there is no significant difference in jet length and velocity between the two models, but the shapes of the jet tips differ, and the computational results are in good agreement with the experimental results, confirming the validity of the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual strength and damage quantification for hypervelocity impact of CFRP truss members","authors":"J. Morton ,&nbsp;B. Burton ,&nbsp;A. Hilmas ,&nbsp;L. Lamberson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Space assets require materials that can endure extreme environments while maintaining a high strength-to-weight ratio, a critical factor due to the high costs of space flight. Increasingly, micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) pose significant risks to these assets. Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) offer an improved balance of mechanical and physical properties for MMOD shielding and structural components, as they can be customized to specific applications. Assessing the impact of MMOD on CFRP truss members is essential to evaluate their viability for large-scale space structures in future missions. This study focuses on identifying and quantifying the sub-surface damage from MMOD impacts on circular CFRP truss members and measuring the residual strength of individual truss members post-impact. Using high-speed imaging and X-ray computed tomography (XCT), this study quantified the extent of sub-surface delamination and residual strength loss in CFRP truss members impacted by hypervelocity projectiles, while compression after impact (CAI) tests were employed to measure the mechanical degradation caused by such impacts. The results indicate that sub-surface delamination, rather than the size of the hypervelocity impact entry hole, has the strongest correlation to the reduction in strength of the damaged composite truss members.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105345"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A theoretical model for estimating hypervelocity impact generated plasma (HVIGP) considering phase transitions","authors":"Liangliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Shengyang Fu ,&nbsp;Chengxuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yiyong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simulation of hypervelocity dust impact generated plasma has been based on experimental fitting, ignoring the impact behavior process, resulting in a disadvantage using at velocity beyond fitting range. Aming on improve simulation model of the impact plasma generation, this article establishes a forward simulation paradigm from the theory of impact behavior to plasma diffusion. By using the higher-order wave velocity and material velocity relationship, as well as the phase transition equation of state, the research model establish a fine simulation extend impact condition upto 1000 GPa, and achieves a consistent description of the impact behavior to the impact ionization process. The model demonstrates a promising correspondence with experimental results, as in close proximity to the magnitude and comparable exponential growth patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105341"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the ballistic impact response of a corrugated composite armor","authors":"Zhiyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Yang ,&nbsp;Yalun Dong ,&nbsp;Dian Li ,&nbsp;Lishi Ou ,&nbsp;Zixu Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhuang Lin ,&nbsp;Linzhi Wu ,&nbsp;Xi Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the ballistic impact response of a ceramic/metal/ UHMWPE corrugated composite armor through experiments and numerical simulations, comparing its performance with a planar design. The residual velocity and ballistic trajectory of projectiles, as well as the failure modes and the energy absorption of structures, were systematically analyzed. The effects of impact position on ballistic resistance were examined, and a theoretical model for the ballistic limit of the corrugated armor, considering obliquity, was developed and validated. The results show that the corrugated structure outperforms planar armor in energy absorption and ballistic resistance, with the crest position offering the highest ballistic limit, followed by the slope and trough. The deflection of the projectile at the slope position increases penetration time, especially at lower velocities, and the inclusion of UHMWPE fiber laminates enhances energy absorption through fiber tensile failure. These results highlight the effectiveness of corrugated designs for improving the ballistic resistance of multi-component composite armors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic mechanical behaviors and deformation mechanism of hybrid triply periodic minimal surface structures","authors":"Weidong Song ,&nbsp;Runzhi Li ,&nbsp;Genzhu Feng ,&nbsp;Lijun Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybrid design strategy has proven effective for traditional strut-based lattice metamaterials to enhance their stability and energy absorption performance. However, previous studies have been insufficiently comprehensive in exploring energy absorption performance and other related aspects. Given the superior mechanical properties of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures, four different types of hybrid TPMS structures were designed and fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. Quasi-static and dynamic experiments were conducted to investigate their mechanical response and deformation behavior under compression, with a focus on the impact of relative density, loading directions and loading speeds. Meanwhile, numerical simulations were supplemented according to the experimental arrangement to uncover mesoscopic information that cannot be directly obtained from experiments. The experimental and numerical results demonstrated that the hybrid structures exhibited distinct properties depending on the loading direction. As the relative density increased, the plateau stress of the hybrid structures increased significantly, while the deformation mode remained nearly unchanged. Compared to specimens compressed along the lateral direction, the hybrid structures subjected to axial loading presented higher plateau stress due to their uniform deformation. Additionally, the hybrid design mitigated the stress softening phenomenon in the post-yield response of TPMS structures. Notably, the hybrid TPMS structures demonstrated superior specific energy absorption (SEA) and energy absorption efficiency compared to uniform structures, with SEA shows an improvement of 15 % to 59 % compared to the uniform Gyroid structure, and an improvement of 5.6 % to 72.4 % compared to the uniform Diamond structure. These findings provide potential prospects for application in the field of impact resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105359"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion from hypervelocity impacts with simultaneously launched particles","authors":"Justin Moreno ,&nbsp;Matthew Shaeffer ,&nbsp;Samuel Slingluff ,&nbsp;Yo-Rhin Rhim ,&nbsp;David Brown ,&nbsp;K.T. Ramesh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypervelocity impacts involving microparticles, typically ranging from micrometers to millimeters in size, are a significant threat in aerospace applications. Degradation of optical components and sensors from collisions with airborne dust and sand can cause light to be scattered and a reduction in resolution. Here we develop a method to launch and characterize impacts from particles ranging from 70–820 µm at speeds &gt; 4 km/s. The methods developed here build on the buckshot method from previous studies while using features unique to the Hypervelocity Facility for Impact Research Experiments (HyFIRE) at Johns Hopkins University. This methodology is then used to impact select target materials with aluminum powders or lunar regolith simulant (JSC-1) at various angles of obliquity to simulate sand and or ash erosion for high altitude vehicles and spacecraft. The velocity distribution of the particle impacts was characterized using ultra high-speed imaging of the impact surface and the degree of surface erosion was measured using post-mortem profilometry. While some of these techniques and specifications are unique to the HyFIRE facility, the methods presented here can be adapted at other hypervelocity testing facilities to study microparticle material erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mars sample return earth entry system micrometeoroid and orbital debris risk uncertainty analysis","authors":"Michael D. Squire ,&nbsp;Victor Cabrera ,&nbsp;Eric Christiansen ,&nbsp;Alan Jenkin ,&nbsp;Kevin Hoffman ,&nbsp;Quincy McKown ,&nbsp;Peter Parker ,&nbsp;Glenn Peterson ,&nbsp;Bruno Victorino Sarli ,&nbsp;William Schonberg ,&nbsp;Katie Steward ,&nbsp;Brian Tulaba ,&nbsp;Joel Williamsen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spacecraft designers and operators use micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) risk assessments to predict the probability that an MMOD particle impact will cause a critical failure to their systems. An important aspect of MMOD risk and associated requirements is the treatment of uncertainty, often difficult to quantify or even estimate for many elements of MMOD risk. There are several sources of uncertainty in every MMOD risk assessment, and previous analyses have addressed some, at least from a qualitative standpoint. This paper describes recent efforts to estimate MMOD risk uncertainty due to uncertainties in inputs to the MMOD risk assessment process for a portion of the planned Mars Sample Return campaign.</div><div>The paper explores how sources of uncertainty for the meteoroid environment model and ballistic limit equations were estimated and how applying those uncertainty bounds influenced MMOD risk. Uncertainty bounds for the meteoroid environment were defined by estimating upper and lower bounds for meteoroid flux as a function of heliocentric distance, given by the Meteoroid Engineering Model version 3. Ballistic limit equation uncertainty bounds were given as a percentage increase or decrease in impacting-particle critical diameter. The results demonstrate the relative effect each input source uncertainty had on the overall risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105362"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blast response similarities of elastoplastic stiffened plates","authors":"Yuankun Qin,&nbsp;Huaiwei Huang,&nbsp;Xiaohu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The similarity rule of dynamic behaviors of multi-scale structures under blast load is still a pending issue due to lack of sufficient theoretical supports. Based on the classical beam and plate theory, this paper deduces the dynamic governing equations of elastoplastic stiffened plates under blast loads, which are subsequently used to derive the similarity numbers governing similarity behaviors, and finally give the similarity criterion and establish an effective response similarity analysis method of the problem. The present similarity analysis method is verified numerically by normalizing the response results between the prototype structure and the 1/20 scaled ones with or without material distortion, and the response similarities are fully discussed in both time and spatial domains to reveal the similarity essences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105335"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified reflective Digital Gradient Sensing applied to hypervelocity impact applications","authors":"Pinkesh Malhotra ,&nbsp;Chengyun Miao ,&nbsp;Justin Moreno ,&nbsp;Matthew Shaeffer ,&nbsp;K.T. Ramesh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obtaining full-field measurements on materials under hypervelocity impacts is challenging because of the high-speeds involved, and in the case of brittle materials because of small deflections before fracture. Here we present an implementation of a modified Digital Gradient Sensing (DGS) experimental technique that can achieve both high-sensitivity and full-field deformation measurement capability at the same time during a hypervelocity impact. The modified-Reflective Digital Gradient Sensing (mR-DGS) method is used to capture rear surface displacements (with a sensitivity <span><math><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) of plates of an engineering alloy and an advanced ceramic during high-velocity impact by a spherical impactor. The early time material response of the target material is captured, together with the corresponding surface transients. The approach allows us to capture complex spatial phenomena during the impact event and provides a rich in situ and real time dataset to help develop and validate material models. This approach provides a significant advancement to the study of hypervelocity impacts on materials, and has some advantages over both photon doppler velocimetry and traditional digital image correlation. The resulting full-field measurements can be used to calibrate, discriminate between, and validate material models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ observation of ductile failure with High-speed X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging","authors":"Mariem Nouira ,&nbsp;Georg C. Ganzenmüller ,&nbsp;Puneeth Jakkula ,&nbsp;Sankalp Patil ,&nbsp;Bratislav Lukić ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Foster ,&nbsp;Stefan Hiermaier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the primary mechanisms contributing to damage accumulation in additively manufactured Scalmalloy (Al-Mg-Sc) subjected to tensile tests at low and high strain rates. High-speed <em>X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging</em> (<em>XPCI</em>) performed at beamline ID19 of the <em>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility</em> (<em>ESRF</em>) provide real-time, high-resolution through-volume visualization of internal void evolution processes, including void nucleation, growth, and coalescence. This advanced experimental approach facilitates the precise calibration of established physics-based fracture models, such as the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (<em>GTN</em>) model, which otherwise relies on assumptions that are very difficult to verify experimentally. The 2D images captured during <em>in-situ</em> testing were segmented to identify and track individual voids using advanced computational techniques. The strain fields within the material were calculated via the <em>Moving Least Squares</em> (<em>MLS</em>) method, enabling accurate local strain estimation in materials with complex and evolving microstructures. The results show significant strain rate effects on the void evolution in Scalmalloy. At low strain rates, the void fraction increased steadily as a result of isolated void growth. In contrast, high strain rates demonstrated complex deformation behaviors, with slow initial void growth transitioning to rapid coalescence beyond a critical strain threshold, ultimately resulting in extensive internal damage. Moreover, the analysis of the time derivative of the apparent void fraction and its relationship with the local strain rate reveals proportional damage evolution at low strain rates, indicating progressive void growth. At high strain rates, the strong linear relationships observed between the rate of change of the apparent void fraction and the local strain rate, validate the applicability of the <em>GTN</em> model and demonstrate its ability to predict rapid void coalescence and ductile fracture under dynamic loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}