International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effect of high-strength rebar and ultra-high-performance concrete on blast resistance of slabs under contact explosion loads","authors":"Jiyang Wang ,&nbsp;Yihang Xu ,&nbsp;Shubin Wang ,&nbsp;Wenyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Ji ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effects of 630 MPa rebar (T63) on the blast resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures designed for civil air defense. Five RC slabs were prepared with varying reinforcement ratios, rebar strengths, and concrete grades. Conducted under various blast load equivalents, contact explosion tests assessed the influence of T63 rebar and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) on macroscopic damage, damage modes, and the dynamic stress-strain response of the slabs. Key observations included crack development, and measurements of crater area, diameter, and depth on both the front and rear blast surfaces, as well as acceleration and strain responses. The results showed that RC slabs reinforced with T63 rebars exhibited reduced damage and lower peak acceleration responses compared to those reinforced with HRB400 rebars under the same blast load equivalent, indicating superior blast resistance. As the blast load increased, cratering on the front blast surface and spalling on the rear became more pronounced for both reinforcement types. However, while HRB400-reinforced slabs were penetrated, slabs with T63 rebar and UHPC demonstrated significantly reduced damage. Additionally, computational analysis of the damage model indicated that traditional methods underestimated the blast resistance of RC slabs with T63 high-strength rebar and UHPC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105230"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of steel fiber content and type on projectile impacting resistance of UHPC: Mesoscale analysis","authors":"Li M ,&nbsp;Cheng Y H ,&nbsp;Wu H","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has significant potential for protective engineering applications against weapon strikes. Concerning the projectile impacting resistance of UHPC with various fiber configurations, a mesoscale analysis method regarding UHPC as a two-phase composite materials of steel fibers and the cementitious matrix was firstly developed from the following aspects: (i) a random fiber generation program was proposed to model the distribution of steel fibers in the cementitious matrix; (ii) the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma (RHT) model parameters for the cementitious matrix were determined and validated by a series of quasi-static and dynamic mechanical tests; (iii) an implicit modeling method for the bond-slip behaviors of steel fibers with different types was developed and validated through single-fiber pull-out tests. Secondly, the developed mesoscale analysis method was comprehensively validated by predictions of the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of UHPC with various fiber contents and types. Subsequently, mesoscale simulations of the projectile penetration and perforation on UHPC targets demonstrated the superiority of developed method in capturing the dynamic responses and failure patterns of UHPC targets, as well as the bridging behavior of steel fibers in the penetration process. Finally, the influence of fiber content and type on the projectile impacting resistance of UHPC were discussed. It was found that the addition of steel fibers had a significant restriction effect on the cratering damage of UHPC and a relatively slight effect on the terminal effects of projectile. Considering the projectile impact resistance, workability, and cost, the incorporation of micro-straight steel fibers with a volume fraction of 1.75 % and 1.5 % was recommended for UHPC under projectile penetration and perforation, respectively. The present work provides a reliable pathway to assess the ballistic impact resistance of UHPC with various fiber parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105228"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-analytical model for elastoplastic impact of sphere on plate","authors":"Yuchi Wang ,&nbsp;Qing Peng ,&nbsp;Hengxu Song ,&nbsp;Yue-Guang Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the impact of a sphere on a large plate, the initial kinetic energy can be dissipated through two mechanisms: the plastic work done at the contact point and the flexural wave dissipated throughout the plate. To date, no model has adequately accounted for energy loss from both factors. In this paper, we propose a new model for the elastoplastic impact of a sphere on a large plate by combining the vibration of large plates with the elastoplastic contact model. By solving the governing equation, we demonstrate that such impacts are controlled by two non-dimensional parameters: one related to the plate's flexibility and the other to the material's yielding stress. Furthermore, we derive semi-analytical solutions for the maximum impact depth, maximum contact force, and the coefficient of restitution. The solution is verified by experimental tests from literature, and comparison shows well agreement. Additionally, we discuss the competitive mechanisms of energy dissipation through local plastic deformation and flexural wave propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven parametric modelling of split-Hopkinson pressure bar tests on cohesive soils","authors":"Arthur Van Lerberghe ,&nbsp;Angelo Pasquale ,&nbsp;Sebastian Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Barr ,&nbsp;Sam D. Clarke ,&nbsp;Dominique Baillargeat ,&nbsp;Francisco Chinesta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-filled wire and geotextile gabions stand as vital bulwarks in military bases, harnessing soil’s innate capacity to absorb shock and safeguard both personnel and critical assets from blast and fragmentation effects. Yet, the dynamic response of cohesive soils under extreme loads remains largely unexplored, leaving engineers grappling with a significant void in knowledge as they strive to fortify structures against emerging threats. This paper considers the high-strain-rate behaviour of kaolin clay using the split Hopkinson pressure bar in both confined and unconfined configurations, with a range of moisture contents representing dry, partially-saturated and saturated conditions. Analysis of the results indicates distinct phase behaviours in transmitted and radial stress based on strain rate, moisture content and confinement. Leveraging cutting-edge machine learning models such as the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and sparse Proper Generalised Decomposition (sPGD), data-driven parametric models were developed based on the experimental data. These models enable the prediction of cohesive soil behaviour at specified strain rate and moisture content, enabling engineers to rapidly predict soil behaviour in response to new threats and ground conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105218"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stochastic gradient estimate-based formulation for capturing the high strain-rate behaviour of a ductile target subjected to ballistic impact","authors":"Arjun Kaithavalappil,&nbsp;Saikat Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating high strain-rate phenomena characterized by high-velocity impact is crucial for designing protective structures. Such impacts cause rapid microstructural changes, nonlinear deformations, plasticity, fractures, fragmentation, and thermal softening due to the generation of heat in ductile materials. Modelling these phenomena is often a challenging task, since the existing models rely on artificial parameters lacking a solid foundation, leading to unphysical behaviour at different load cases and posing scalability issues. In this regard, we develop a continuum theory based on the rigorously developed and versatile classical continuum mechanics. However, to circumvent the bottleneck in the form of the requirement of sufficient differentiability of the field variables in the classical theory, here, the derivatives are interpreted based on a stochastic gradient estimator (SGE). It considers the nonlocality and microstructural effect in thermo-visco-plastic deformations under high strain-rate impacts and interestingly remains well-posed even in the context of discontinuity of the field variables without requiring any additional restrictive prescriptions. The failure criteria are obtained using the Johnson-Cook model, and based on this, the interaction of material points ceases when the damage factor reaches a critical threshold. The proposed model accurately predicts the failure of a Weldox 460E target and projectile velocities, aligning well with the experimental data. This demonstrates that the method pushes the boundaries of existing numerical techniques and enables robust analysis of complex impact mechanics problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105224"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-elastoplastic constitutive model of concrete incorporating regularization of mesh-size sensitivity subjected to contact explosion loads","authors":"Lei Yan ,&nbsp;Li Chen ,&nbsp;Puchu Xie ,&nbsp;Boyu Chen ,&nbsp;Fengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jimin He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105226","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Concrete exhibits complex failure behavior under explosive or ballistic impact loads. Numerical research methods play a crucial role in revealing the propagation of stress waves, the evolution of cracks, the mechanisms of structural failure, and in conducting protective design. However, as a typical strain-softening material, concrete shows significant mesh size dependency when numerical calculations are performed using local hydro-elastoplastic models. This paper addresses the issue of mesh size sensitivity in local models by analyzing the complexity and computational efficiency of mesh size regularization algorithms. It points out that introducing the crack band model into the local high-pressure dynamic constitutive model is an effective solution without losing computational efficiency. Based on this, the previously developed Yan-Chen model, which considers the cumulative effect of hydrostatic pressure damage, has been reconstructed. First, a continuous function was constructed to describe the inelastic stress-strain relationship of concrete. The damage variable was redefined using the ratio of fracture energy dissipation. Under the assumption of constant fracture energy, mesh size-independent damage evolution formulas were derived for both compression and tension. Then, based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, a damage accumulation model considering the interaction between tensile and shear damage was established. An empirical formula for predicting dynamic fracture energy was provided in conjunction with experiments, and the post-peak fracture energy used for mesh size sensitivity regularization was corrected. This proved that the modeling method of the crack band model is also applicable to the correction of mesh size sensitivity under the compressive-shear stress state of concrete and under high pressure and high strain rate conditions. Finally, numerical tests of unconfined uniaxial compression and tension, triaxial compression under different confining pressures, and isotropic tension were conducted using single elements of different sizes. The proposed model was verified to provide constant fracture energy predictions for different element sizes under single loading paths. Subsequently, the model was used to conduct numerical experiments of concrete target contact explosions with different mesh sizes. The model can reveal the propagation of stress waves and the evolution of damage within the concrete target, providing mesh size-independent prediction results for local failure characteristics that meet engineering calculation accuracy. It also analyzes and discusses the current model's shortcomings under high confining pressure. The proposed model provides an engineering-applicable method for mesh size sensitivity regularization of local high-pressure dynamic constitutive models for concrete, and offers an efficient analytical tool for predicting damage in large-scale concrete structures under explosive or impact loads.&lt;/d","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105226"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of dynamic fracture toughness in biomimetic 3D printed double-helicoidal composites","authors":"Xiaodong Wu,&nbsp;Ziting Jia,&nbsp;Lianhao An,&nbsp;Runzhi Li,&nbsp;Zhi Zhao,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic fracture behaviors of biomimetic 3D printed double-helicoidal composites were fully characterized by performing three-point bending impact experiments and simulations in this study. Initially, the biomimetic composites were designed and fabricated based on the structure of collagenous fibrils, while single-helicoidal composites were also prepared for comparison. Subsequently, the impact responses and the crack modes of the biomimetic composites were obtained by conducting impact experiments. The dynamic fracture toughness of the biomimetic composites was assessed using the effective surface energy and dynamic stress intensity factor. Finally, finite element analysis was employed to analyze the interlayer stress distribution and the crack propagation under impact loading. Our investigation clearly demonstrates that double-helicoidal structures exhibit superior dynamic fracture toughness, as they suppress crack initiation and increase the energy dissipation required for crack propagation. This work will promote the design of next-generation impact-resistant composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105227"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-linear visco-hyperelastic model of ballistic gelatine – mathematical modelling, experiment, numerical simulations","authors":"Marek Pawlikowski ,&nbsp;Roman Gieleta ,&nbsp;Andrzej Penkul ,&nbsp;Yuriy Pyr'yev","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the paper we formulated a new constitutive model for ballistic gelatine commonly used in shooting tests for military purposes. The model considers new effects that the gelatine reflects, i.e. non-linear viscoelasticity. The model was based on experimental tests including high-rate compression and stress relaxation tests. Our aim was to develop the mathematical modelling of ballistic gelatine and provide an easy-to-implement model to simulate ballistic tests. We implemented our constitutive equation to a finite element simulation of a bullet shooting through the gelatine block. The material constants were calibrated based on curve fitting method, i.e. we fitted the model to the experimental curves. The reliability of the constants values were confirmed by very good fitting and by validation of the model. The shooting simulation gave promising results which allowed us to observe realistic gelatine behaviour resulting from the bullet passage. The obtained results suggest that viscoelasticity plays an important role in the gelatine deformation and should be considered in mathematical modelling of its behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105225"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-absorption capacity of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg cellular structures subjected to a blast-induced dynamic compression–experimental and numerical study","authors":"Piotr Pawlowski ,&nbsp;Magda Stanczak ,&nbsp;Paula Broniszewska-Wojdat ,&nbsp;Ludovic Blanc ,&nbsp;Teresa Fras ,&nbsp;Alexis Rusinek","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the role of the topology of the additively manufactured AlSi10Mg cellular structures in the example of 3D and 2D designs: honeycomb, auxetic, lattice and foam. The samples were subjected to quasistatic and blast-induced dynamic compression. As a result, a relation between the structural geometry and the deformation mode of the compressed structures has been developed, demonstrating its influence on the energy absorption characteristics. The deformation and fracture mechanisms were examined in detail using the finite element simulations in the LS-DYNA code based on the material characterisation over a broad range of strain rates and temperatures. The outcomes show an agreement between the experimental data and the computations. The obtained results prove that by selecting the appropriate topological features, the deformation of compressed structures can be enhanced to improve their energy-absorption capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105216"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of techniques to measure the conversion of plastic work to heat in 304L stainless steel under adiabatic conditions","authors":"Anthony Lew ,&nbsp;Colin Loeffler ,&nbsp;John Varga ,&nbsp;Amanda Jones ,&nbsp;Seyyed-Danial Salehi ,&nbsp;Owen T. Kingstedt","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a cross-laboratory comparison is conducted to critically examine experimental techniques within the High-Strain Rate Mechanics of Materials Laboratory at the University of Utah and the Experimental Solid Mechanics Department at Sandia National Laboratories. The study is aimed at identifying, quantifying, and reducing sources of uncertainty in reported Taylor–Quinney coefficients. Vacuum arc remelted 304L stainless steel specimens extracted from the same ingot are tested in both laboratories under dynamic tension at nominal strain rates of <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ϵ</mi></mrow><mo>̇</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>450</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ϵ</mi></mrow><mo>̇</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>900</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Independent experiments at both the University of Utah and Sandia National Laboratories report Taylor–Quinney coefficients of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>85</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> for <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ϵ</mi></mrow><mo>̇</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>450</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ϵ</mi></mrow><mo>̇</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>900</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, respectively. Sources of variation between labs and practices to mitigate these are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105220"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}