International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Fluid–structure coupled simulation framework for lightweight explosion containment structures under large deformations","authors":"Aditya Narkhede ,&nbsp;Shafquat Islam ,&nbsp;Xingsheng Sun ,&nbsp;Kevin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight, single-use explosion containment structures provide an effective solution for neutralizing rogue explosives, combining affordability with ease of transport. This paper introduces a three-stage simulation framework that captures the distinct physical processes and time scales involved in detonation, shock propagation, and large, plastic structural deformations. A working hypothesis is that as the structure becomes lighter and more flexible, its dynamic interaction with the gaseous explosion products becomes increasingly significant. Unlike previous studies that rely on empirical models to approximate pressure loads, this framework employs a partitioned procedure to couple a finite volume compressible fluid dynamics solver with a finite element structural dynamics solver. Given the rapid expansion of explosion products and the large structural deformation, the level set and embedded boundary methods are utilized to track the fluid-fluid and fluid–structure interfaces. The interfacial mass, momentum, and energy fluxes are computed by locally constructing and solving one-dimensional bi-material Riemann problems. A case study is presented involving a thin-walled steel chamber subjected to an internal explosion of <span><math><mrow><mn>250</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>g</mtext></mrow></math></span> TNT. The result shows a 30% increase in the chamber volume due to plastic deformation, with its strains remaining below the fracture limit. Although the incident shock pulse carries the highest pressure, the subsequent pulses from wave reflections also contribute significantly to structural deformation. The high energy and compressibility of the explosion products lead to highly nonlinear fluid dynamics, with shock speeds varying across both space and time. Comparisons with simpler simulation methods reveal that decoupling the fluid and structural dynamics overestimates the plastic strain by 43.75%, while modeling the fluid dynamics as a transient pressure load fitted to the first shock pulse underestimates the plastic strain by 31.25%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105238"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143267041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel size distribution model for debris generated by in-orbit collisions","authors":"L. Olivieri,&nbsp;A. Francesconi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-orbit fragmentation events can generate debris clouds of thousands of objects, that may strongly affect the debris environment and the management of orbital assets. Ground observations are employed to catalogue detectable objects; however, the observation and identification of the generated debris may require months or even years. Simplified models, such as the NASA Standard Breakup Model, can assess the effects of in-space breakup and promptly provide fragments properties distributions; nevertheless, literature data suggests that they might present some limitations when modern satellite designs or complex impact geometries are involved. In this context, a novel Italian Breakup Model is under development, to provide a more reliable description of the fragmentation events; in particular, a piecewise analytic size distribution equation has been conceived and tuned with both observation data and ground experiments. The model description and its calibration and validation process are reported in this paper; the obtained results show that it accurately captures the trends in experimental and observational data with greater accuracy compared to other existing formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143267040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic failure of biomimetic dual-phase materials: Effects of microstructures on fracture modes and energy dissipation","authors":"Yonghuan Wang ,&nbsp;Qinglei Zeng ,&nbsp;Xun Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Q.M. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dual-phase structures in biological systems provide an efficient strategy for designing materials with superior mechanical performance. While the quasi-static mechanical properties of biomimetic dual-phase materials have been extensively investigated, their dynamic failure behaviors are significantly more complex. This complexity mainly arises from the interaction between the rate-dependent properties of constituent materials and the effects of microstructures, which remain less understood. In this work, we comprehensively investigate the dynamic failure processes of biomimetic dual-phase materials with various microstructures. Specimens incorporating soft and hard phases are additively manufactured, with variations in aspect ratio, volume fraction, and the shape of the hard phase. The fracture modes and energy dissipation of these structures at different impact velocities are studied with quasi-static and dynamic three-point bending tests. By combining experimental results with a rate-dependent tension-shear chain model, the dynamic failure mechanisms of dual-phase materials and the influence of their microstructures are revealed. As impact velocity increases, a fracture-mode transition from soft-phase fracture to both-phase fracture, and ultimately to hard-phase fracture is observed. Correspondingly, the energy dissipation exhibits an N-shaped curve (“increase-decrease-increase”) with respect to the impact velocity, achieving maximum dissipation when the fracture of both phases is balanced. Generally, larger aspect ratios, higher volume fractions, and triangular or circular shapes of the hard phase lead to fracture mode transitions at smaller impact velocities. This study highlights the potential for customizing microstructures of dual-phase materials to optimize energy dissipation in different impact environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105247"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-velocity impact performance and damage mechanisms of all-CFRP honeycomb sandwich shell","authors":"Zhibin Li ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the damage behavior of all-CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) honeycomb sandwich shells subjected to low-velocity impacts, utilizing both experimental methods and simulation results based on the modified Hashin criterion. The results reveal that both the initial damage load and peak load significantly increase with facesheet thickness, while the increase due to impact energy is relatively modest. Moreover, impacts at the honeycomb center produce distinct cross-shaped damage, while impacts along the honeycomb cell walls result in more chaotic damage patterns. A comparison of axial and circumferential damage volumes indicates that the inherent circumferential curvature and complex boundary of honeycomb sandwich shells leads to greater damage in the circumferential direction. Additionally, foam-reinforced honeycomb shells are fabricated using a winding-based method combined with foam infusion, demonstrating how facesheet thickness and impact energy influence damage failure. The analysis of specific energy absorption efficiency shows that increasing facesheet thickness and adding foam significantly enhance energy absorption capabilities. Finally, the effects of impactor diameter and shape on the resulting damage are investigated, providing a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence the damage response of composite honeycomb sandwich shells under low-velocity impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105231"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling law for Rayleigh-Taylor instability of aluminum tube under cylindrical implosion","authors":"S.C. Dai ,&nbsp;Z.W. Zhang ,&nbsp;X.Y. Wang ,&nbsp;Y.S Jia ,&nbsp;N.C. Zhang ,&nbsp;D. Han ,&nbsp;X. Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) in metals with convergent geometry is of considerable importance in both scientific research and engineering applications, where the key issue is to accurately describe the dynamics of interface perturbation. However, the complex interplay of multiple physical factors has impeded a comprehensive understanding of RTI growth mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the RTI behavior of aluminum tube (liner) under cylindrical implosion by using a combination of dimensional analysis, experiments, and numerical simulations. The essential dimensionless parameters governing the RTI evolution, namely the perturbation amplitude and growth rate, were identified through dimensional analysis, leading to the derivation of the geometrical scaling law for the dimensionless growth rate of RTI. Thereafter, magnetically driven implosion experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to validate the geometrical scaling laws and examine the influence of the dimensionless parameters on the growth rate. By fitting the simulation results, the power-law relationships were established between the dimensionless growth rate and various factors, including loading intensity and duration, initial perturbation amplitude and wavelength, as well as liner radius and thickness. Furthermore, an empirical formula was proposed to predict the dimensionless growth rate of RTI under cylindrical implosion, which shows comparable accuracy to the simulation results. This study provides an effective approach for the analysis of cylindrical RTI in metals, and serves as a valuable guidance for optimizing the design of magnetically driven implosion experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105236"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143267039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similarity error of scaled model under impact","authors":"Aohan Wang ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Jicheng Li ,&nbsp;Zhifang Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When different materials are used to substitute prototype material in scaled model, the error derived from complex thermal-visco-plastic effects of materials, including strain hardening, strain rate, temperature softening, etc., would lead to distortion of traditional similarity law. Though some scaled methods to treat the distortion caused by different materials have been developed in recent two decades, it is still hard to quantitatively estimate and control the corresponding similarity error of scaled model. To essentially overcome this basic problem, the definition of similarity error scope (SES) for input parameter and output response of scaled model is introduced in the present paper for the first time, and the mathematical relation between SES for input parameter of scaled model and material dimensionless numbers (i.e., dimensionless phase diagrams of material similarity) is derived for complex thermal-visco-plastic effects of materials, and then the general transfer function of SES from input parameter to output response is further derived. The rationality and practicability of proposed relation are verified based on related analytical models and numerical simulations, involving three impact conditions, i.e., a clamped beam subjected to transverse pulse velocity impact, a thin spherical shell subjected to radial pulse velocity impact and a Taylor bar impact test. Related result shows that the relation between SES for input parameter and average phase diagram difference is almost linear, while the relation between SES for output response and that for input parameter usually displays an obvious nonlinear feature. In practical engineering application, by selecting the optimum similitude material within proposed error tolerance, SES for structural response can be obtained directly, and thus quantitative estimation and accurate control of similarity error of scaled model can be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105234"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric and material distortion similarity laws for the low-velocity impact response of stiffened plates considering elastic effects","authors":"Xinzhe Chang ,&nbsp;Fei Xu ,&nbsp;Wesley J. Cantwell ,&nbsp;Wei Feng ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well accepted that experiments employing scaled models for predicting the dynamic response of large engineering structures under impact loading can significantly reduce research time and costs. Although many studies have focused on similarity laws in distortion scaled models, elastic effects have often been neglected. To address this issue, the present study proposes impact similarity laws for the geometric distortion and material distortion of stiffened plates by considering elastic effects. Through discretizing the stiffened plate into a plate and stiffeners, similarity relationships for the plate and stiffeners are derived by adopting an equation analysis approach based on thin plate theory and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Furthermore, combining the displacement compatibility conditions between the plate and the stiffeners, a similarity correction technique is proposed to account for both the elastic and plastic phases, by correcting the elastic modulus and density of the stiffener material. Geometric and material distortion effects are compensated by correcting the initial impact velocity. A series of stiffened plates with different degrees of geometric distortion and based on different materials are established for numerical verification and in-depth discussion. In particular, attention focuses on the effect of the corrected velocity scaling factor on the resulting error and the validity of the similarity law under varying levels of elastic deformation. The results indicate that the proposed impact similarity law accurately predicts the dynamic response of a full-size stiffened plate prototype structure in terms of displacement, velocity, energy and impact force. The proposed similarity laws account for elastic effects, thereby expanding the applicability of existing similarity laws.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105237"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the damage effect of hypervelocity bullets on sandstone and concrete at different inclination angles","authors":"Hualong Li ,&nbsp;Ao Zhang ,&nbsp;Lianheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yong Mei ,&nbsp;Yunhou Sun ,&nbsp;Sanfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 30CrMnSiA projectile was utilized to conduct a secondary light gas gun penetration test on concrete and sandstone targets, achieving a speed of 2000 m/s. At the conclusion of the test, pixel data was gathered from the surface damage of the targets. Additionally, the ballistic morphology and penetration depth were assessed using silicone infusion. The damage observed on the targets was compared with numerical simulation results to confirm the validity of the simulation parameters. An analysis of the damage patterns at various angles was also performed. The findings revealed that at a tilt angle of 25°, both target materials exhibited peak surface damage, indicating that damage is most severe at this angle. As the tilt angle increased, the projectile began to create a deflection zone within the target, with the deflection effect becoming more pronounced. This suggests that altering the tilt angle can effectively cause the projectile to deflect. In the projectile to ultra-high speed impact on the target, the projectile will produce transient shock wave behavior. When examining the penetration time curves of two distinct materials at different angles, both materials display comparable transient shock wave behavior, suggesting that the transient shock wave effect during high-speed impacts is unaffected by variations in target material or tilt angle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation and failure properties of cylindrical battery packs under quasi-static and dynamic indentations","authors":"Peng Zhao,&nbsp;Hongkai Xiao,&nbsp;Zhengping Sun,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery packs, serving as the primary power source in electric vehicles, are essential components; however, their failure behavior under common side collisions—particularly those involving localized dynamic loads and repeated impacts—remains insufficiently understood. This paper investigates the deformation and failure behavior of two battery packs configured in triangular and checkerboard arrangements (T-battery and C-battery packs) through quasi-static indentation, dynamic impact, and repetitive impact experiments. The results indicate that under quasi-static indentation, T-battery packs deform in a \"triangular mode\", while C-battery packs deform in a \"rectangular mode\", resulting in a more generous failure displacement for C-battery packs. With the increase of impact velocity, the battery pack exhibits a pronounced strain rate effect, with a progressive transition from extrusion failure to brittle fracture. This transition is characterized by bending fractures in T-battery packs and internal jellyroll cracking in C-battery packs. Additionally, repeated impact experiments reveal that T-battery packs demonstrate superior impact resistance compared to C-battery packs. A power-law relationship between single impact energy and the number of impacts was established, providing a means to predict the failure energy threshold for battery packs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105239"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven procedure for the analysis of high strain rate tensile tests via visible and infrared image processing","authors":"Marta Beltramo,&nbsp;Lorenzo Peroni,&nbsp;Martina Scapin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, a previously proposed procedure for analyzing quasi-static tensile tests during the post-necking phase is extended to tests at high strain rates. The method utilizes a database built from numerical simulation which correlates the relationship between the equivalent stress and the equivalent plastic strain with the shape of the necking profile and with the engineering stress applied to the specimen. Therefore, such database can be used for characterizing material hardening behavior through appropriate processing of the information collected in the database itself. This significantly reduces the computational effort compared to FE-based inverse methods. More specifically, this paper demonstrates how the proposed method can be used to analyze tensile tests conducted on axisymmetric specimens made of isotropic metallic materials whose plastic behavior depends on both the strain rate and the temperature. Regarding the temperature, the authors focused on the temperature rise caused by material self-heating in dynamic tests, whether under adiabatic conditions or not. From an experimental perspective, both visible and infrared cameras were employed to acquire all the data necessary for analyzing, using the proposed method, the material behavior under dynamic conditions. The proposed approach entailed recording the test with proper spatial and time resolution. The significant advantage is that Digital Image Correlation measurements and evaluation of strains are not necessary, as it is sufficient to extract the external contour of the sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105232"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}