International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Impact mechanical behavior of the bionic multipiece ceramic panel","authors":"Tianzhen Li ,&nbsp;Jingyu Liu ,&nbsp;Zehua Han ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Yong Cao ,&nbsp;Zhihua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological protective structures serve as a reference for the design of contemporary impact protection systems. This study introduces an innovative biomimetic design, inspired by the armadillo's carapace, featuring angled alumina ceramic tiles and interlocking multipiece ceramic panels. Ballistic impact tests, conducted at velocities from 150 to 300 m/s, are utilized to evaluate the impact resistance and mechanical behavior of this design. Furthermore, a five-point displacement field inversion strategy is proposed to determine the damage parameters of the JH-2 model, with supplementary parameters derived through extrapolation from experimental data. Simulations using these parameters revealed the defensive mechanisms of the biomimetic panels. The results highlight that these panels can improve impact resistance at comparable thicknesses. The ceramic's substantial ballistic impedance is complemented by the bionic structure's interlocking boundaries, which efficiently dissipate energy and prevent the propagation of circumferential stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic analysis of additively manufactured tensegrity structures","authors":"Keivan Davami ,&nbsp;Russell Rowe ,&nbsp;Ben Gulledge ,&nbsp;Jesse Park ,&nbsp;Ali Beheshti ,&nbsp;Anthony Palazotto ,&nbsp;Fariborz Tavangarian ,&nbsp;Sadie Beck","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we present an analysis, design, and experimental testing of modular prestressed pin-jointed structures constructed from bistable units and inspired by the classical triangular tensegrity prism. Tensegrity structures, characterized by a combination of tension members (cables) and compression members (bars) in a self-equilibrated state, have gained significant attention in engineering over the past two decades due to their unique nonlinear mechanical behavior. The discontinuity of the compression members in tensegrity structures leads to a slightly different failure behavior compared to their lattice structure counterparts, with unprecedented applications. However, traditional fabrication and assembly methods have posed challenges for their widespread adoption. This research benefits from a recently introduced innovative approach for designing and fabricating bistable “tensegrity-like” units where there exists no flexible element in its structure. Vat photopolymerization technology was utilized to create compliant mechanisms based on a triangular tensegrity prism. Two types of structures, namely a double tensegrity-like unit cell and a lattice structure incorporating the triangular tensegrity prism, were fabricated. Quasi-static compression tests were conducted along with high strain rate experiments were conducted using a specialized direct-impact Hopkinson pressure bar setup. Compression tests at both low and high strain rates confirmed the reliable activation of the designed bistable twisting mechanism, even under large displacements, without the need for self-stress. Experimental results at low and high strain rates demonstrated that these low-density units (designed relative density of 20 %) with bistable characteristics are well-suited for applications requiring highly customizable multistable metamaterials. Here, a sudden transition event (snapping), was clearly seen in both quasi-static and dynamic tests. This, indeed, shifts the structure into a secondary stable configuration while maintaining the twisting mechanism throughout the loading cycles. Overall, this study presents a promising avenue for the design and application of tensegrity-like units in various engineering contexts, demonstrating the effectiveness of tensegrities to carry external loads across a wide range of strain rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The design, modelling and testing of an electric gun load for the study of dynamic material properties","authors":"M.D. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;J.D. Pecover ,&nbsp;N. Petrinic ,&nbsp;D.E. Eakins","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the design and testing of an electric gun load intended for characterising the properties of materials under extreme conditions. Projectile launch techniques, such as gas guns and electromagnetic (<strong>EM</strong>) flyer plates, are capable of creating planar, high-pressure shocks across substantial material volumes, resulting in precise equation of state measurements. However, achieving these conditions necessitates specific flyer characteristics: the flyer must maintain near-constant density and velocity across a minimum thickness, in the direction of travel, until reaching the target. This has been achieved in EM flyer plates through sophisticated current pulse shaping (Lemke et al., 2014). This work involved the adaptation of an existing electric gun design to meet these criteria while utilising a relatively simple, fixed rise-time, pulsed-power driver instead. The proposed load achieves this by accelerating a 0.5-mm-thick insulating flyer whilst minimising state change (thus maintaining near-constant density) and eliminating the forces driving the flyer prior to impact by launching it across a stand-off distance (ensuring constant velocity). A combination of our 0D model (Fitzgerald et al., 2023) and a 2D in-house hydrocode were used to determine the optimal thicknesses for its constituent parts: the driving metal foil and plastic flyer. Experimental testing was conducted using a 140 kV electric gun load to validate the model’s predictions and examine the correlation between the shock pulse shape at impact and the stand-off distance from the launch site. The results reveal the optimised load successfully generated a shock pulse in a PMMA target block with a magnitude of 20 GPa for a duration of 1.0<!--> <!-->µs, over region with 10 mm width, and at a 10 cm stand-off from the launch site. This large stand-off distance ensured the flyer was ballistic (constant velocity) on impact and also shielded the diagnostic line of sight from plasma generated on launch, allowing for precise measurements to be made. These outcomes suggest the electric gun technique can now be used to explore dynamic properties of materials using relatively simple pulsed-power devices with a fixed current rise-time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105179"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size effect of reinforced concrete beams under explosive loadings-An experimental and numerical study","authors":"J.S. Cheng,&nbsp;H.M. Wen,&nbsp;S.T. Cui,&nbsp;Y.L. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A combined experimental and numerical study has been carried out herein to investigate the size effect of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under explosive loadings. The RC beam specimens are designed strictly according to geometrically similar scaling law. The damage and failure of the specimens are compared and discussed. The measured dimensionless parameters are statistically analyzed, which can be used to assess the damage of RC beams. Both the experimental and numerical results show that there exists significant size effect on RC beams under explosive loadings with the small-size beams having stronger load bearing capacities and less damages than the medium and large-size beams which have weaker load bearing capacities and suffer more damages. The failure morphologies and values of dimensionless parameters of the RC beams obtained by numerical simulations are found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations. Further analysis reveals that the size effect of RC beams under explosive loadings is due to tensile strain rate effects of concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105207"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The secondary strain growth phenomenon in elastic plane-strain rings","authors":"J.H. Hu ,&nbsp;Q. Dong ,&nbsp;Y.F. Ren ,&nbsp;R. Zhang ,&nbsp;H. Xu ,&nbsp;Y.J. Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strain growth is a negative phenomenon in the use of explosion containment vessels. Previous studies mainly focused on the strain growth phenomenon caused by the single bending mode. In this paper, the secondary strain growth phenomenon caused by two bending modes is investigated. To study the strain growth phenomenon attributed to two bending modes, we simplified the explosion containment vessel to a plane-strain ring. The relationship between the thickness-to-radius ratio and preferred bending mode is obtained. The strain growth phenomenon of rings with different thickness-to-radius ratios subjected to the same internal impulse loading is studied through numerical simulations. It is shown that the excitation of two bending modes could lead to the occurrence of secondary strain growth, but it is not a sufficient condition for the secondary strain growth phenomenon. The secondary strain growth exhibits three distinct characteristic phases, namely the breathing vibration phase (Phase I), the regular bending vibration phase (Phase II) and the irregular bending vibration phase (Phase III). Phase I is dominated by the breathing mode response. Phase II is dominated by single bending mode and breathing mode, with only the first strain growth occurring in the ring. Phase III is dominated by two bending modes and breathing mode, and the strain could increase again because of the excitation of the second bending mode, leading to the secondary strain growth phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105206"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel measurement method for specific impulse of underwater pressure pulse based on mass-spring","authors":"Wen Liang ,&nbsp;Zizhen Qi ,&nbsp;Yuwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Minzu Liang ,&nbsp;Xiangcheng Li ,&nbsp;Yuliang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving the accurate evaluation of underwater explosion power is of great interest to the defense of warship. To address the limitations of traditional electrical sensors, a novel method for measuring the specific impulse of underwater pressure pulses using a mass-spring with constrained boundaries (MSCB) is proposed, wherein the specific impulse is estimated based on the mass of discharged water from MSCB. Experimental study using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) is conducted to investigate the relationship between specific impulse and the mass of discharged water. Additionally, a verified finite element simulation is employed to predict the dynamic responses of MSCB considering the effects of pressure pulse properties and MSCB structural parameters. The findings reveal that, when subjected to pressure pulse loading, the mass block vibrates non-periodically within the constraint boundaries, with the water discharge mainly occurring during the first vibration cycle. The mass block tends to stay on the back constraint boundary as pressure amplitude and duration time increase. Furthermore, the mass of discharge water with respect to MSCB shows a linear correlation with the specific impulse of the pressure pulse, regardless of the rate at which pressure rise, demonstrating the feasibility of MSCB in measuring the specific impulse of underwater pressure pulse. An increase in either stiffness coefficient or weight of the mass block leads to a decrease in the sensitivity coefficient (ratio of discharge water mass to specific impulse) of MSCB. The proposed method for measuring specific impulse of underwater pressure pulses does not require a power supply and can serve as an important complement to electrical measurements, particularly for testing in extreme underwater explosion environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105198"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel Hopkinson tension bar system for testing polymers under intermediate strain rate and large deformation","authors":"Jianping Yin ,&nbsp;Yinggang Miao ,&nbsp;Zhibo Wu ,&nbsp;Chenxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruoheng Sun ,&nbsp;He He ,&nbsp;Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongbin Tang ,&nbsp;Yulong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hopkinson bar technique frequently encounters technical challenges when dealing with large strain requirements, especially under intermediate strain rate tensile loading. In this work, the striker tube of traditional Hopkinson tension bar was specifically modified to allow the incident wave to circulate through the incident bar with little intervals, forming an ultra-long tensile stress wave. And a short transmission bar with one end fixed was specifically designed as transmission bar, to precisely record the derived ultra-long transmitted wave. Finite element analysis was performed to simulate for the sensitivities of loading system, and the results indicated that the length discrepancy between the striker tube and incident bar affects system accuracy. To validate its capability under intermediate strain rate loading, tensile tests were carried out on a modified rubber under average strain rate 80 s⁻¹, with the strain measurements aid from digital image correlation technology. Excitedly, the system was experimentally demonstrated to achieve wave durations up to 150 ms and strain up to 1,200%. Further discussions were also conducted for potential limitations and extensive extensions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105197"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical study on the impact dynamic responses of foam-core sandwich plates by using membrane factor method","authors":"Yinggang Li ,&nbsp;Wen Xiao ,&nbsp;Zeyuan Song ,&nbsp;Yong Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed to predict the dynamic responses of fully-clamped foam-core sandwich plates under impact loads of different shaped impactors by using membrane factor method based on the exact yield surface for sandwich section. The mode solutions and transient phase solutions of the impact force and structural deformation of sandwich plates are obtained. Numerical calculation and the bound solutions solved by using circumscribing and inscribing yield surface are carried out to validate the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model. Besides, the effect mechanism of membrane force and bending moment on the impact responses and plastic energy absorption are further analyzed. Results show that the proposed universal analytical model can reasonably predict the mode responses and transient phase responses of foam-core sandwich plates under impact of different shaped impactors. The membrane force plays a significant role in the dynamic response and the plastic deformation energy is mainly dissipated by membrane force in large structural deformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic responses and damage mode of reinforced concrete slabs under confined blasting loads induced by thermobaric explosive: Experimental and numerical investigation","authors":"Ju Liu ,&nbsp;Guokai Zhang ,&nbsp;Liwang Liu ,&nbsp;Yong He ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoning Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study is based on the finite element method (FEM) considering the Miller model to investigate the blast loading of thermobaric explosives (TBX) in confined spaces and the dynamic response and damage modes of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. The Miller model considers the secondary reaction of the explosive blast products. It can effectively describe the violent afterburning effect of TBX. In the confined space, wall reflections and Mach reflections of the blast shock wave form a pressure response with long duration and multi-peak oscillations, which creates an approximately uniform load impulse on the surface of the RC slab. The peak pressure of the blast shock wave induces collapse damage, while the uniform load impulse induces bending deformation of the slab. The bending deformed RC slabs showed a large residual displacement, which increased linearly with the increase of the average impulse distributed over the surface of the RC slabs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105186"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High strain rate behaviour of cohesive soils","authors":"Arthur Van Lerberghe,&nbsp;Kin Shing O. Li,&nbsp;Andrew D. Barr,&nbsp;Sam D. Clarke","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-filled wire and geotextile gabions are essential components of defensive infrastructure in military bases, leveraging the attenuating properties of soils to safeguard personnel and critical assets against blast and fragmentation effects. However, understanding the behaviour of cohesive soils under extreme loading conditions remains largely unexplored, presenting a crucial knowledge gap for design engineers tasked with developing robust soil constitutive models to address evolving threats. This study investigates the response of cohesive soils, focusing primarily on kaolin clay due to its homogeneity, widespread availability and consistent properties. Through high strain rate experimental testing of kaolin clay specimens, using the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus, both unconfined and confined conditions are explored across varying moisture contents, spanning the spectrum from unsaturated to fully saturated states. The analysis of the experimental results uncovers the strain rate dependence of cohesive soils and identifies distinct phase behaviour for transmitted and radial stresses influenced by factors such as strain rate, moisture content and confinement. Utilising LS-DYNA, and the finite element method (FEM), the SHPB tests are modelled for comparison against experimental findings. While LS-DYNA, supplemented by Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) node modelling, provides valuable insights, significant disparities between modelled and practical results underscore the challenges inherent with the accuracy in simulating the behaviour of cohesive soils. Nonetheless, this comprehensive exploration of cohesive soil’s high strain rate behaviour yields critical insights for engineers, enabling them to adapt defensive strategies to diverse threats and loading scenarios effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105189"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}