International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

The role of invariance in the finite similitude scaling theory 不变性在有限相似标度理论中的作用

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105383

Keith Davey , Wenyue Gai , Khine Kyaw , Hamed Sadeghi

{"title":"The role of invariance in the finite similitude scaling theory","authors":"Keith Davey , Wenyue Gai , Khine Kyaw , Hamed Sadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new scaling theory has appeared in the open literature called <em>finite similitude</em>, which provides an infinite number of new similitude rules that can in principle accommodate all scale effects. A difficulty with the practical application of the theory in experimentation is that (in the absence of supporting analysis) only lower-order similitude rules are feasible since the number of scaled experiments necessarily increases with rule order. Scaling analysis is not constrained to the same extent but nonetheless it is necessary to determine explicitly scaling functions that depend on a single parameter (the length scalar <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>). One approach to obtaining these scaling functions is by targeting invariants in the physical system under scrutiny. All manner of scale invariances can be targeted such as geometric measures of length, area, and volume, along with space–time measures of length-time, area-time, and volume-time. Important kinematics parameters such as speed (e.g., acoustic, light) and acceleration (e.g., gravitational) can also be targeted including material properties (e.g., viscosity) and important fields (e.g., velocity, stress). The focus of this paper is to examine the role and importance of invariances to the finite-similitude theory with the aim of providing insight into the possible options available. Although continuum mechanics under scaling is the focus here, invariances from microstructural considerations can often arise. A number of case studies in solid mechanics are presented involving both quasistatic and dynamic crack propagation to demonstrate the reach and benefits of the approach in scaling analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105383"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the impactor simulation modeling on the dynamic response of kinetic impact for asteroid defense 小行星防御用冲击器动力学响应仿真建模分析

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105393

Yandong Liu , Qi Zhou , Mingtao Li

{"title":"Analysis of the impactor simulation modeling on the dynamic response of kinetic impact for asteroid defense","authors":"Yandong Liu , Qi Zhou , Mingtao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the limitations of simulation scale and computational time on resolution, simplified impactor models used in current kinetic impact defense simulations for asteroids often fail to accurately reproduce the complex impact responses caused by the internal structure of the real impactor. In order to investigate the influence of different impactor simulation modeling approaches on the impact response in kinetic impact defense for asteroids, a systematic comparison was conducted using the three-dimensional SPH method. The results show that different impactor modeling approaches can have a significant influence on the simulation results, with each simplified model failing to fully replicate the impact response of the real impactor. Compared to the real impactor, the momentum enhancement factor for solid aluminum spheres and low bulk density aluminum spheres is 10 % to 50 % higher. In terms of the ejection cone angle, the results for low solid density aluminum spheres tend to be larger than those for the real impactor, with the differences being more pronounced at early stages. In the study of the distribution of the azimuthal angle of the ejection momentum, the results for aluminum cubes with 90 % porosity are typically closer to those of the real impactor than those for aluminum cubes with 63 % porosity. However, the extremely high porosity also causes deviations in the ejected momentum distribution in scenarios of complete asteroid damage, differing from the real impactor. Therefore, when focusing on specific impact response results, simplified models with minimal errors can be selected. Among these, aluminum materials with 63 % or higher porosity offer the best overall performance as simplified impactor models, followed by low solid density aluminum materials. These findings provide experimental evidence for optimizing impactor modeling selection and clarify the applicable scenarios and limitations of different modeling approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of attitude deflection and trajectory yawing mechanism of concrete wedge-water layer combination structures for long rod ogive-nosed projectiles

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105392

Anbang Jiang, Dian Li, Yongqing Li, Zichun He, Hailiang Hou

{"title":"Study of attitude deflection and trajectory yawing mechanism of concrete wedge-water layer combination structures for long rod ogive-nosed projectiles","authors":"Anbang Jiang, Dian Li, Yongqing Li, Zichun He, Hailiang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore an efficient deflection yaw anti-penetration protection structure, based on the attitude deflection and trajectory yawing phenomena of the projectile penetration into the special shape structure and the non-ideal entry of the projectile into the water. A concrete wedge and water layer combination structure is proposed to protect against the penetration of the ogive-nosed projectile. Ballistic impact tests and numerical simulations were conducted on the concrete wedge-water layer combination structure to evaluate its resistance against long-barreled ogive-nosed projectile penetration. The study analyzes the changes in forces, attitude, and trajectory during the projectile's penetration of the concrete wedge and water, and identifies typical projectile damage modes. The results show that during the penetration process, the concrete wedge induces initial attitude deflection and trajectory yaw in the projectile, asymmetric erosion of the head and overall bending deformation. After entering the water layer, sustained asymmetric forces apply to the projectile, leading to further bending deformation, sustained deflection and yawing motion. As the initial velocity increases, the projectile exhibits three distinct deformation and damage modes: asymmetric surface abrasion, asymmetric head deformation, and head erosion combined with overall bending.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105392"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medium-high kinetic energy impact on asteroids—The influence of target compressive strength and projectile velocity on momentum enhancement, ejecta characteristics and craters

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105385

Haotong Huang, Xianzhang Chen, Xiongwen Jiang, Shijia Xu, Yue Li, Jiayi Li, Zhang Wei

{"title":"Medium-high kinetic energy impact on asteroids—The influence of target compressive strength and projectile velocity on momentum enhancement, ejecta characteristics and craters","authors":"Haotong Huang, Xianzhang Chen, Xiongwen Jiang, Shijia Xu, Yue Li, Jiayi Li, Zhang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of target compressive strength and projectile velocity on momentum enhancement under medium-high speed kinetic impact. Steel spheres with a diameter of 6 mm were employed as projectiles, while concrete targets with compressive strengths ranging from 20 to 60 MPa were used. Previous studies often utilized projectiles at velocities exceeding 1000 m/s, a regime where projectiles cannot typically be treated as rigid bodies. This research focuses on measuring momentum enhancement under rigid-body penetration conditions, with experimental impact velocities ranging from 300 to 1000 m/s. The momentum enhancement of the target was quantified, along with fragment velocities and crater morphology. Simultaneously, experiments were simulated using Autodyn. The results indicate that, under medium-high speed kinetic impacts, the effects of projectile velocity and target compressive strength on momentum enhancement are relatively small, approximating a constant value. The velocity distribution of the ejecta follows a near-normal distribution. At the same compressive strength, an increase in impact velocity corresponds to a gradual rise in the fragment speed associated with the peak frequency. However, at similar impact velocity, the change in peak frequency velocity is not significant with increasing material strength. The volume and depth of the craters are positively correlated with projectile impact velocity and negatively correlated with target compressive strength. This study provides empirical evidence support for understanding the momentum amplification effect under medium-high velocity kinetic impacts, offering references for future research in asteroid deflection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105385"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complexity of space trajectory and macro-micro failure mechanism of elliptical projectile penetrating concrete at high velocity 椭圆弹高速侵彻混凝土空间弹道复杂性及宏微观破坏机制

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105386

Heng Dong, Haijun Wu, Guang Ren, Yingqing Lv, Xin Quan, Meng Li, Fenglei Huang

{"title":"Complexity of space trajectory and macro-micro failure mechanism of elliptical projectile penetrating concrete at high velocity","authors":"Heng Dong, Haijun Wu, Guang Ren, Yingqing Lv, Xin Quan, Meng Li, Fenglei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the oblique penetration behavior of the high-speed elliptical projectile into a concrete target. The complexity of the oblique penetration trajectory is analyzed. For the first time, it is discovered that during the penetration process, the elliptical projectile rotates around its longitudinal axis and exhibits more pronounced three-dimensional ballistic characteristics compared to a circular projectile. Then, the elliptical projectiles' macro deformation and failure mechanism are analyzed. Four typical macroscopic failure modes of the elliptic projectile are identified: overall mass erosion and the surface cutting pit, the crushing at the junction of the head and the shank, the bending near the 1/2 length in the minor axis side, and the collapsed and fractured of wall on the side of the minor axis. Finally, the intrinsic mechanisms of mass erosion and fracture failure of the elliptical projectile are explained through microanalysis, and the relationship between the micro failure mechanisms and the structural characteristics of elliptical projectiles is revealed. It suggests that the major axis side of the elliptical projectile is subjected to a more severe loading environment during the penetration process, and the fracture of its head is mainly attributed to the combined action of composite compression-shear and tensile-shear stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105386"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic response of reinforced interlocking brick wall under impact loading 冲击荷载作用下钢筋联锁砖墙的动力响应

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105388

Guochao Wang , Xihong Zhang , Hong Hao , Gang Li

{"title":"Dynamic response of reinforced interlocking brick wall under impact loading","authors":"Guochao Wang , Xihong Zhang , Hong Hao , Gang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brick walls are prevalently utilized as load-bearing elements in low-rise edifices or serve as infill walls within reinforced concrete and steel frameworks. The interlocking brick, an inventive structural variant, boasts appealing features including enhanced structural performance and expedited construction, among others. This study probes the dynamic response exhibited by reinforced interlocking brick walls when subjected to impact loads, drawing insights from laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and simplified Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) analysis. Laboratory impact tests were first carried out on a mortar-less reinforced interlocking brick wall using pendulum impact system. The deformation processes and damage modes of interlocking brick wall pertinent to low-velocity impact loads were studied. Subsequently, a comprehensive numerical model was developed in LS-DYNA, which was validated against laboratory testing data. Numerical simulations were utilized to better understand the load transfer and stress concentration around shear keys of interlocking bricks when subjected to impact loading. Comparison was made between interlocking brick walls and conventional concrete masonry unit walls when subjected to impact loadings. Last but not least, a SDOF model is generated and validated with laboratory testing data for engineering design. Parametric study is conducted to examine the influences of wall height, wall thickness, reinforcement ratio and brick material strength on the impact resistance capacity of interlocking brick wall when subjected to out-of-plane impact loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collisionless electrostatic particle-in-cell simulation of rapid target charging along an unbiased dielectric surface due to hypervelocity impact plasmas 超高速冲击等离子体沿无偏介质表面快速目标充电的无碰撞静电粒子池模拟

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105360

Nancy Diallo, Raymond Lau, Nicolas Lee, Sigrid Elschot

{"title":"Collisionless electrostatic particle-in-cell simulation of rapid target charging along an unbiased dielectric surface due to hypervelocity impact plasmas","authors":"Nancy Diallo, Raymond Lau, Nicolas Lee, Sigrid Elschot","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid target charging is a phenomenon that has been experimentally observed in hypervelocity impact (HVI) plasmas but has been seldom modeled. In this work, we implement a 2D electrostatic particle-in-cell model to study voltage changes across the unbiased surface of an impacted dielectric material — namely, iron projectiles impacting SiO<sub>2</sub>, a novel configuration. We analyze both femtogram and picogram sized particles, of speeds 5 km/s and 15 km/s. Results of surface potential within the impact crater for the femtogram case demonstrate the presence of a minimal decrease in voltage before a rapid positive charging followed by rapid discharge as the surface potential descends towards 0 V. In the picogram case, we found more nuanced behavior, with a more notable rapid decrease in voltage followed by a rapid increase in voltage before subsequent discharge towards 0 V. All cases occurred within fractions of a nanosecond and show a correlation between impactor velocity and voltage magnitude, with peak voltage around 4500 V for the most extreme case. These outcomes, though occurring on a faster timescale, display similar trends to previous experimental results of aluminum-on-tungsten and aluminum-on-aluminum HVIs. The discrepancy in orders of magnitude in the discharging time indicates further investigation is required to determine the relevant physics that are missing from the presented model or possible weaknesses in the original experiments conducted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105360"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extension of the shock damage bounds to general shock loads 将冲击损伤范围扩展到一般冲击载荷

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105387

Desen Hou , Q.M. Li

引用次数: 0

Material constitutive modeling over a wide strain rate range by integration of cylinder and cap sample SHPB tests 基于圆柱体和帽状试样SHPB试验的大应变率范围内材料本构建模

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105368

Tongyu Liu , Wenxiang Zhao , Lijing Xie , Engao Peng , Feinong Gao

{"title":"Material constitutive modeling over a wide strain rate range by integration of cylinder and cap sample SHPB tests","authors":"Tongyu Liu , Wenxiang Zhao , Lijing Xie , Engao Peng , Feinong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the constitutive modelling method to cover a wide range of strain rate is studied by integrating the cylinder and cap sample SHPB (Split Hopkinson pressure bar) tests. In order to compensate the errors in the stain calculation for cap sample SHPB tests, a correct factor function of the temperature and strain rate is first established. Afterwards, a unification method is proposed to transform both the shear stress and tensile/compressive stresses in hot compression, quasi-static tension, cap and cylinder sample SHPB tests to VON MISES stress. In this way, all the data from different mechanical tests are used for data fitting the material constitutive models over a wide strain rate range. In the consideration of the coupling of thermal softening and strain rate hardening effects, both the classical and modified Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive models are developed for AISI9310 steel and ZL702A aluminum alloy. In addition, constitute modelling by means of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models is explored. Two ANN (Artificial Neural Network) models with 6 and 11 neurons are trained for AISI9310 steel. According to the verification and evaluation with experiments by means of direct calculation and finite element method (FEM) simulation, the modified J-C model behaves best over the entire strain rate range, and the ANN model with 6 neurons wins over 11 neurons due to its success in avoiding the overfitting risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105368"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study and modelling of shock-induced compaction of autoclaved aerated concrete through MHz X-ray radioscopy 高压灭菌加气混凝土冲击致压实的MHz x射线镜实验研究与建模

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105376

J. Tartière , M. Arrigoni , B. Lukic , A. Rack , D. Chapman , B. Reynier , J. Le Clanche , P. Pradel , T. De Resseguier , P. Forquin , D. Eakins

{"title":"Experimental study and modelling of shock-induced compaction of autoclaved aerated concrete through MHz X-ray radioscopy","authors":"J. Tartière , M. Arrigoni , B. Lukic , A. Rack , D. Chapman , B. Reynier , J. Le Clanche , P. Pradel , T. De Resseguier , P. Forquin , D. Eakins","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme scenarios related to sudden increase of stress states, such as mechanical impacts or collisions, can lead to severe physical damage on structures. However, through their compaction phase, porous materials absorb a part of mechanical energy and efficiently mitigate the shock wave induced damage. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is one type of cellular materials which exhibits such capability and also being non-flammable, which is of interest for most structures that must resist both impacts and fire. With good insulation properties and its low density, AAC is therefore a material of choice in protective design against shock loading.</div><div>It is however difficult to study in real time, especially because of the cloud of dust produced during compaction. In the present study, two AAC of respective densities of 550 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and 115 kg/m<sup>3</sup> are considered. Plate impact tests were performed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and the compaction process was observed <em>in-situ</em> by ultra-fast X-ray phase-contrast radioscopy for impact velocities ranging from 250 to 400 m/s.</div><div>Through the records analysis, a compaction front is identified..The tracking of the compaction front and the initial velocity of the projectile provide a portion of the AAC compacted state. In line with the findings, an extended analysis extracting the mean pore size and the evolution of the densities and speed of sounds is conducted by the use of laser induced shock waves on samples pre-compacted. An analytical model is proposed to reproduce the compaction front dynamics, considering equivalent mass-spring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105376"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0