International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Unified formula for fragment velocity of polygonal charges","authors":"Yuan Guo ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Haokai Li ,&nbsp;Tao Suo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared with traditional cylindrical charges, polygonal charges can achieve better fragment convergence effects. However, the lack of relevant fragment velocity calculation formulas restricts the optimization design and performance evaluation of polygonal charges. In this study, we construct a unified fragment velocity formula of polygonal charges for the first time. First, dimensional analysis was used to study the influencing factors of the fragment velocity of polygonal charges, and a preliminary calculation model was determined. Fragment dispersion range tests based on pulsed X-rays were conducted, and the unknown functions were determined using experimentally verified numerical simulations, completing the establishment of a unified fragment velocity model. Finally, the accuracy of the constructed theoretical formula was verified using publicly published test results and other numerical simulations. Related research can provide important guidance for the design, optimization, and application of polygonal charges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing energy absorption of star-shaped honeycombs by utilizing negative Poisson's ratio effect under high-velocity impact","authors":"J.P. Ren ,&nbsp;Z.P. Gu ,&nbsp;A.G. Zhao ,&nbsp;C.G Huang ,&nbsp;X.Q. Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Star-shaped honeycomb (SSH) with negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) effect shows great promise in impact protective engineering. However, it is still unknown whether the NPR effect of SSH can enhance the impact resistance at high impact velocities, particularly regarding the stress evolution. In this paper, we demonstrate that the SSH with NPR can significantly improve the specific energy absorption (SEA) under low impact velocity compared to that with positive Poisson's ratio due to the global in-plane contraction resulting from NPR. However, with increasing the impact velocity, the NPR effects of SSH decrease quickly and even turns to positive Poisson's ratio due to the appearance of localized deformation. These results show that the SSH cannot fully exhibit the energy absorption capacity through global deformation. We then analyze the influence of wall angle and thickness on the NPR and SEA of SSH. The results show that the NPR effect can be maintained successfully at high impact velocities by decreasing the wall angle, resulting in the significant increase in SEA compared to that with larger wall angle. Although the increase of wall thickness leads to the increase of SEA, it has slight influence on the NPR effects. This paper demonstrates the NPR effects on the dynamic behavior of SSH based on the analysis of stress evolution, and suggests the strategy for designing efficient energy-absorbing auxetic honeycomb structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105297"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-velocity projectile launcher of LIPIT: Utilizing stress wave driven by laser-induced glass breakdown","authors":"Jiayu Chen,&nbsp;Guohu Luo,&nbsp;Yiji Huang,&nbsp;Yongxiang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-induced projectile impact testing (LIPIT) provides a desktop-level platform for analyzing the high-strain-rate impact response of materials. However, the projectile velocity without debris is limited by the damage to the elastomer membrane under intense plasma pressure. This work investigates a novel method for launching projectiles by utilizing the stress wave generated through laser-induced breakdown within the glass substrate, avoiding the direct impact of high-pressure plasma on the elastomer. The experimental results indicate that the launch velocity is increased through the new stress-wave-driven method. This improvement is attributed to the decreased susceptibility of the expanded membrane to rupture under limited thermal effects and its uniform expansion morphology. Based on the new stress-wave-driven principle, we propose a simplified launcher configuration of “glass-polyimide” for higher launch velocity. Furthermore, a correlation between projectile velocity and variables such as laser pulse energy, defocus distance, and projectile parameters is proposed through analytical analysis and validated by experimental data. The results indicate that the launcher with the proposed configuration can increase the maximum launch velocity of projectiles with diameters ranging from ten microns to sub-millimeters, addressing the need for independent ballistic testing at the sub-millimeter scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105293"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi-static and dynamic responses of bio-inspired auxetic structures","authors":"Kasidis Payungpisit,&nbsp;Pakarasorn Chueathong,&nbsp;Tara Pongthongpasuk,&nbsp;Kittitat Siriraksophon,&nbsp;Vitoon Uthaisangsuk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At present, most structures with negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) exhibit stress-strain behaviour with only a single plateau and disordered deformation patterns when subjected to large compressive load. Therefore, new NPR structures, inspired by such natural curving shapes noticed in crabs and peacock mantis shrimp, were introduced. The rotational petal circle structure (RPCS) and rotational moon circle structure (RMCS) were constructed based on a common rotational structure and their load bearing capacities were then studied in details. FE simulations of these structures under compression were performed using rate-dependent hardening model and effects of design geometries including angle and radius parameters were examined. Predicted stress-strain responses were firstly validated by comparing with results from experiments. It was found that the proposed geometrical shapes significantly affected deformation modes and mechanical behaviors of the structures. The changes in angle showed more substantial impacts on the critical speed of structures than the radius, while variations of radius primarily governed their specific energy absorptions (SEA). For the RPCS and RMCS models at 30°, SEA values were increased about 97 % and 83.7 %, respectively, due to occurred three-stage deformation. The highest SEA was achieved at the angle of 30° and radius of 2.5 mm, whereas the largest critical velocity was noticed at 45° and 2.25 mm for both structures. A trade-off between energy absorption and critical speed of different configurations were described. Finally, the design guideline using equal arc segmentation for generating structures with multi-stage plateau responses was provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105285"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact protection mechanism and failure prediction of modular hierarchical honeycomb system with self-locking effect","authors":"Haokai Zheng,&nbsp;Chunlei Li,&nbsp;Yu Sun,&nbsp;Qiang Han,&nbsp;Xiaohu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modular system with the self-locking effect has garnered increasing attention in the field of impact protection, owing to its inborn modular controllability and low-cost maintainability. Based on the deconstruction of honeycomb structures, a modular hierarchical honeycomb protection system (MHHS) is developed in this study, offering easy assembly and transportation. The protective performance and deformation behaviors of the modular system are evaluated through drop weight impact tests at 20 J and 60 J, verifying the validity of the finite element simulations. Compared to the integrated honeycomb structure, the modular system reduces peak force by 50% on average while enhancing dynamic specific energy absorption by 54.7% (20 J) and 217% (60 J). The collision durations of the modular system are approximately 2.8 times and 5.5 times longer, indicating less structural stiffness and more structural elasticity. The self-locking effect of the modular system emerges from interactions between the bolts’ bidirectional three-point bending deformation and transverse compressive deformation of components, promoting tighter deformation coupling. Two structural failure criteria are established based on the multi-peak and multi-wave characteristics of response curves, enabling effective dataset preprocessing. The XGBoost model is trained to predict binary classification outcomes for bi-objective analysis based on the modular system performance failure scenarios. The trained model effectively addresses the impact inverse problem, reducing testing costs by 86.1% while maintaining 80% accuracy against simulation benchmarks. These results demonstrate the potential for intelligent assembly applications of the machine learning-guided modular system in practical engineering fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105274"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy absorption model and damage behavior of GrNPs reinforced GFRP laminate composites under ballistic impact","authors":"Tong Ju,&nbsp;Chuang Chen,&nbsp;Mengzhou Chang,&nbsp;Kai Guo,&nbsp;Enling Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of an appropriate weight ratio of nano-fillers into glass fiber reinforced resin-based composites (GFRP) can effectively improve their impact resistance and energy absorption characteristics. In this study, nano-graphite particles (GrNPs) were used as a matrix filler, and a systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of varying graphite content (0wt.%, 5 wt.%, 10 wt.% and 15 wt.%) and impact velocity (200∼800 m/s) on the energy absorption and damage characteristics of laminates. An impact energy absorption model was established by considering delamination failure and multiple energy absorption mechanisms. The contributions of various forms of energy, including tensile failure of the primary fibers, deformation of the secondary fibers, shear plugging, delamination, matrix cracking and cone kinetic energy, to the impact energy dissipation were determined at different impact velocities. A mesoscopic finite element model of GrNPs reinforced GFRP (GrNPs-GFRP) laminates was developed based on the virtual fiber method, and the dynamic impact response of GrNPs-GFRP laminates was analyzed using Micro-CT and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that under the impact condition of 200 m/s, the total energy absorption from shear plugging, primary fibers, and secondary fibers exceed 90 %. Compared to pure GFRP laminates, the energy absorption due to shear plugging in GrNPs (5 wt.%) reinforced GFRP laminates increase from 56.1 % to 63.9 %, while the energy absorption from secondary fibers decreases from 21.4 % to 17.1 %, and the energy absorption from primary fibers decreased from 20.4 % to 17.6 %. Under the impact condition of 400 m/s, the energy absorption due to shear plugging in the laminates increase, while the energy absorption in the secondary fiber region decrease due to the reduced contact time between the projectile and target. As the impact velocity increase to approximately 600 m/s, energy absorption in the primary fiber region continues to rise, and the energy absorption of the shear plugging reaches the upper limit. The energy absorption due to delamination and matrix failure has been significantly increased with the rise in impact velocity. When the impact velocity was increase from 400 m/s to 700 m/s, the energy absorption ratio due to delamination increase from 0.9 % to 6.9 %, while the energy absorption ratio due to matrix cracking rises from 1.9 % to 15.5 %. The excellent impact resistance exhibits by GrNPs (5 wt.%) is attributed to the dispersion hardening effect, which improves interlaminar toughness and facilitates the dissipation of impact energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105273"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the ballistic perforation resistance of additively manufactured and wrought maraging steel: Experiments and numerical models","authors":"Maisie Edwards-Mowforth ,&nbsp;Miguel Costas ,&nbsp;Martin Kristoffersen ,&nbsp;Filipe Teixeira-Dias ,&nbsp;Tore Børvik","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) to the defence industry has created possibilities for customisable and optimised light-weight armour. Maraging steel is a low carbon, high-strength steel, well suited to AM fabrication by laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF), that takes on ultra high-strength post heat-treatment, lending it significant potential for protective applications. Promising ballistic performance has been demonstrated in the literature albeit with a tendency for brittle behaviour; it remains unknown to what extent the AM processing is responsible for the unfavourable reduction in ductility. A comparison of AM maraging steel targets alongside traditionally wrought targets under ballistic impact forms the main objective of this study. AM maraging steel in both the as-printed and heat-treated state has been experimentally characterised, examined, and tested in a ballistic range alongside its traditionally wrought counterpart. Very little difference was found in the ballistic limit velocity of the AM maraging steel compared to wrought both before and after heat treatment, despite significant differences in ductility found in tensile tests. In the majority of the ballistic impact tests, damage inflicted on the projectile core was more extensive for the AM targets than for the wrought. Numerical models were constructed in the IMPETUS Solver to simulate the ballistic impact response of the non-heat-treated material. Standard and commonly used material models were implemented, with only simple adjustments to account for the AM material characteristics. The experimentally and numerically determined ballistic limit velocity agreed to within 10%, and numerical results were found to be conservative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105271"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic mechanical test on UHPC properties used to calibrate Kong-Fang model's parameters under projectile penetration and charge explosion","authors":"Zhenhua Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangzhen Kong ,&nbsp;Junyu Fan ,&nbsp;Jian Hong ,&nbsp;Fengguo Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is an outstanding material used in defense engineering that may be suffered from deliberate projectile penetration and charge explosion. Numerical simulation plays an increasingly significant role for analyzing corresponding failure mechanism with the aid of a well sound material model along with calibrated parameters. However, a systematic mechanical test on UHPC properties especial the flyer-plate-impact test used to calibrate parameters is very limited. To resolve this problem, static and dynamic mechanical property tests on UHPC specimens were firstly performed, which were then employed to calibrate the parameters for strength surface, equation of state, damage and strain-rate effect in the Kong-Fang model recently proposed. Based on the calibrated parameters, projectile penetration test and charge explosion test on UHPC targets were numerically simulated and compared with relevant test data. Numerical predictions and comparisons demonstrated the effectiveness of calibrated parameters. The present study can provide fundamental data to calibrate a material model used to numerically simulate failures and dynamic responses of UHPC structures suffered from impact and blast loadings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate-temperature dependence of tension-compression asymmetry in metal matrix composites: Mechanism and damage-coupled constitutive modeling","authors":"Ruifeng Wang ,&nbsp;Kangbo Yuan ,&nbsp;Jianjun Wang ,&nbsp;Lanting Liu ,&nbsp;Longyang Chen ,&nbsp;Sihan Zhao ,&nbsp;Boli Li ,&nbsp;Weiguo Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lack of an insight on micro-mechanisms and constitutive models for the tension-compression asymmetry (TCA) in lightweight metal matrix composites is a major impediment to accurate structural assessment and full exploitation of their application potential, and has attracted growing interest in recent research. This paper aims to report our innovative work on the mechanism investigation and constitutive modeling of the rate-temperature dependence of TCA in TiB₂/2024 Al composite. Experimental results indicate that the TCA extent in both yield stress and strain hardening increases notably with both strain rate and temperature. Microscopic characterizations demonstrate that TCA is primarily attributed to the variation of damage evolution under different deformation paths. Matrix damage always dominates in compression, while damage evolution under tensile loadings is more complex. As temperature increases, the dominant damage mode in tension transits from particle cracking to interface debonding. These tensile damages in high-strain-rate tests will initiate earlier and are distributed over a larger deformed area. Based on the new insights towards damage evolution mechanism, a damage-coupled viscoplastic constitutive model considering the stress state effect was established to quantify TCA over wide ranges of strain rate and temperature, which can be extended and applied to other metal matrix composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105291"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoplastic sandwich cylindrical structure with hierarchical honeycomb core: Dynamic/static compression and compression-after-impact behavior","authors":"Zhaoxin Yun ,&nbsp;Wanqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Liming Chen ,&nbsp;Shaowei Zhu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Xianbo Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sandwich cylindrical structures, appreciated for their lightweight, high specific strength, excellent energy absorption, and crash resistance, are gaining popularity in aerospace, automotive, and marine industries. Initially, these structures were mainly made of metal or thermosetting composites. Using thermoplastic composites in fabrication highlights a significant step towards better performance. However, constructing thermoplastic sandwich cylindrical structures meets some challenges due to the difficulties in joining thermoplastic composites and the limited reshaping options before curing. In this research, we develop a method that includes a snap-fit technique and a self-reinforced technique to produce thermoplastic sandwich cylindrical structures with a hierarchical honeycomb core. The snap-fit technique uses 2D chips and constructs them into a 3D structure. Additionally, a self-reinforced technique that uses rods made from the same material as the composite matrix enhances the structural connectivity without adding any extra compounds, thus keeping the structures recyclable. The mechanical properties of these sandwich cylindrical structures were evaluated using quasi-static compression, low-speed impact, and compression after impact (CAI) tests. The results show that these structures have exceptional energy absorption ability, with an average specific energy absorption exceeding 4 J/g. Most notably, after impacts of 300, 600, and 900 J, the structure's energy absorption ability and crush force efficiency were pleasantly improved. This demonstrates the difference between thermoplastic and thermoset composites. Unlike brittle fractures, the thermoplastic composite structure undergoes plastic deformation upon impact, presenting a benefit in energy absorption, especially in situations involving secondary impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}