International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical characteristics of additive manufactured biomimetic gradient circular honeycombs with nested strategy under static and dynamic loading","authors":"Mingyang Xu ,&nbsp;Qixuan Zeng ,&nbsp;Weidong Song ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Du ,&nbsp;Mingchuan Yang ,&nbsp;Han Ma ,&nbsp;Rongmei Luo ,&nbsp;Jiangbo Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Chun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the microstructure of bamboo and the membrane wing structure of bats in nature, this study proposes nested self-similar gradient circular honeycomb (WNSGH) and nested non-self-similar gradient circular honeycomb (SNNGH). The deformation patterns and energy absorption properties of WNSGH and SNNGH under quasi-static compression, drop weight impact and Kolsky dynamic impact loading are systematically investigated using both experimental and finite element methods. The energy absorption mechanisms of the representative unit cells are elucidated through a series of finite element calculations. The results from both experimental studies and numerical simulations demonstrated that the nested gradient strategy could significantly enhance the specific energy absorption (<em>SEA</em>) of regular circular honeycomb (RCH). Specifically, under quasi-static loading, WNSGH and SNNGH exhibited increases of 66.8 % and 85 %, respectively, and improvements of 53.4 % and 14 %, respectively, under Kolsky bar dynamic impact loading. The deformation patterns of the two gradient honeycombs were found to be sensitive to the loading rate. Further findings indicated that the energy absorption performance of WNSGH and SNNGH outperformed many other existing circular honeycomb structures with different gradient strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of impact velocity and target stiffness on hard impact into thin concrete targets","authors":"L.E. Hlavicka-Laczák ,&nbsp;V. Hlavicka ,&nbsp;S.G. Nehme ,&nbsp;Gy. Károlyi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several parameters can affect the level of damage of a concrete structure in case of hard, non-deformable missile impact. We designed and carried out a series of impact experiments of a small projectile into reinforced concrete plates to investigate the effect of such parameters. The results proved the importance of the dimensionless impact factor in case of different damage modes including penetration, perforation and scabbing. Limit values of the impact factor corresponding to different damage modes are also presented. Based on the results, a formula is developed to calculate the outcome of the impact, which can be applied in initial design phases. The experimental findings can later be applied to validate more detailed finite element models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105336"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the damage patterns of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells under underwater explosion(UNDEX) loading","authors":"Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Xiyu Jia ,&nbsp;Xi Lu ,&nbsp;Feng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural damage caused by underwater explosions (UNDEX) is a critical research area in engineering and industrial applications. This study investigates the damage patterns of a typical ring-stiffened aluminum cylinder subjected to UNDEX through experiments and numerical simulations. A series of Φ9 m × 9 m explosion pond tests were conducted to validate numerical simulations and analyze structural responses under varying standoff distances (12/10.4/9.6/8.8 charge radii). An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE)-based method was employed to further explore the effects of charge weight (10/50/100/200/400/800 g) and standoff distance on structural failure. The results identified three failure modes—sagging deformation, wavelike deformation, and rupture—with sagging and rupture as the dominant modes. The coupling processes between the impact load and structural response for each mode were analyzed in detail. Based on these findings, a damage phase diagram was developed to illustrate the relationship between explosive mass, standoff distance, and damage modes, providing an intuitive representation of failure mechanisms. Additionally, dimensional analysis identified two key parameters—scaled distance and charge radius—that influence damage outcomes, with their relative influence weights quantified. This study provides critical insights into the failure mechanisms of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells under underwater explosions and offers valuable guidance for predicting damage and designing protective structures in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105312"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of surface topography on the crater formation process of rubble-pile asteroids","authors":"Yusaku Yokota ,&nbsp;Masahiko Arakawa ,&nbsp;Minami Yasui ,&nbsp;Kei Shirai ,&nbsp;Sunao Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High velocity impact experiments were conducted on a conical shaped sand target, simulating a large-scale cratering formed in gravity-dominated regime, which could be affected by a surface topography such as curvature of bodies. The target material consists of dry quartz sand, prepared in conical shape with its vertex angle 120° A spherical Al projectile with its diameter of 2 mm was impacted vertically on the top part of a cone at the velocity from 1 to 4 km/s. After the impact, a top part of the conical target was excavated to form a shallow bowl-shaped crater on the top. The target resembled a trapezoid when observed from the side. The crater rim radius was able to be scaled by a conventional π-scaling relationship although it's radius was about 10 % smaller than that of the crater formed on semi-infinite flat surface. This might be caused by the geometrical effect of the target. The ejecta opening angle was measured at the time of crater formation and it was about 130°, where this is larger than that of the ejecta curtain, &lt;90°, formed over the target of semi-infinite flat surface. This wider ejecta opening angle on conical target was able to be well reproduced by utilizing the Maxwell Z-model to a conical target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105325"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The viscoelastic stress wave propagation model based on fractional derivative constitutive","authors":"Zhixin Shi ,&nbsp;Jianqiu Zhou ,&nbsp;Di Song ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Cui ,&nbsp;Ming Yuan ,&nbsp;Changqing Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of stress wave propagation in viscoelastic bars is important for the dynamic mechanical property testing of low-impedance materials. For the propagation of stress waves in viscoelastic bars, it is significant to consider the lateral inertia effects and viscous effects on wave propagation. This paper establishes a viscoelastic stress wave propagation model based on fractional derivative constitutive. The analytical solution of the viscoelastic wave equation based on the fractional derivative constitutive model is obtained. The model employs fractional derivative viscoelastic constitutive relations instead of traditional standard mechanical viscoelastic models and is capable of describing the lateral inertia effects and viscoelastic effects on stress wave propagation. While the Poisson's ratio is zero, the model simplifies to a viscoelastic stress wave propagation model that does not account for lateral inertia effects. In this paper, the material parameters of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are obtained by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) test, and the attenuation coefficient and phase velocity change with frequency are calculated by this model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105330"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic failure analysis of lithium-ion battery under high-velocity impact using the FE-SPH based simulation","authors":"Huang Kang ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Chen ,&nbsp;Xiangbiao Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries are inevitably subjected to mechanical abuses of high-velocity impact on the battlefield, challenging the safety of electrified military equipment. It is vital to understand the failure mechanisms of batteries under high-velocity impacts, nevertheless limited by the lack of effective numerical and experimental methods. For this purpose, a FE-SPH based numerical model considering equivalent homogeneous electrodes is established to investigate the dynamic failure behaviors of LIBs under high-velocity impact. Compared to FEM method using element deletion, the FE-SPH method addresses the problem of numerical sudden drop in resistance force during dynamic indentations. We precisely simulate damage morphologies of impacted batteries compared to previous ballistic tests, and the debris cloud of crushed battery components is well reproduced. The effect of stress wave in the dynamic failure of electrodes and separators in LIBs is revealed during the penetration stage, which affects the fragment distribution in the structural response stage of impacted batteries. Furthermore, we systematically investigate the effects of battery thickness, impact velocity and penetrator shape on the damaged morphologies and structural debris cloud of impacted LIBs. The mechanical failure sequence of battery components is then compared between the low-velocity and high-velocity impact. It's deduced that cathode and anode layers fail before the rupture of separators in LIBs under the high-velocity impact, underlying that the heat generation is not mainly attributed to instantaneous electrochemical short circuits caused by the rupture of the separator. This study provides new insights for understanding the failure mechanism and protection design for batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-velocity laser-driven flyer impact on paraffin gel","authors":"B. Reynier ,&nbsp;R.M. Mircioaga ,&nbsp;J. Le Clanche ,&nbsp;L. Taddei ,&nbsp;J.-M. Chevalier ,&nbsp;D. Hébert ,&nbsp;M. Arrigoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The penetrating ballistic impact of thin 100 micrometers aluminum projectiles, accelerated at high velocities by laser-induced shock wave, on parafin gel is investigated. The laser-driven flyer experiments were conducted at BELENOS laser facility and allow the acceleration of projectile at high velocity ranging from 170 m<!--> <!-->s<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> to 710 m<!--> <!-->s<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. The projectile is monitored during impact and penetration into gel targets using shadowgraphy with ultra-high speed camera. Its velocity is recorded by fast-imaging technics and correlated to Photonic Doppler Velocimeter (PDV) measurements. The ballistic impact phenomena such as the splash ejection on the front face of the gel target and the cavitation effect are analyzed. The strength resistance parameter in the Poncelet model of the gel is obtained from experimental data fit, which predicts the speed of a given fragment from its penetration depth in the target. The cavity dynamics highlights the influence of the strain rate on the mechanical behavior of paraffin gel target under penetrating ballistic impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105311"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaled equations for ogive-nose rods into aluminum targets","authors":"Thomas L. Warren ,&nbsp;Michael J. Forrestal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present dimensionless penetration equations for rigid, ogive-nose rod projectiles that penetrate aluminum targets. Scaled penetration depth versus scaled striking velocity are compared with data for two penetrator lengths and two aluminum alloys. Data are in good agreement with the model, and all the data collapse on a single curve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105322"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the effect of projectile material on damage induced to aluminum target under hypervelocity impact","authors":"Hakim Abdulhamid,&nbsp;Jérôme Mespoulet,&nbsp;Paul Deconinck","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ongoing development of composite materials in spacecraft and satellite structures leads to increasing number of polymerical debris navigating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). A few examples of on-ground tests performed at Thiot Ingénierie Shock Physics Laboratory have highlighted larger damages when impact by polymerical projectile in comparison with metal vs metal impact scenario. The observed phenomena could not only be explained by pure mechanical kinetic effects and may be the result of potential solid/gas phase change or an exothermic reaction between polymer elements and metallic ones leading to a strong energy release. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of projectile material on debris cloud expansion, on the damage induced to a target in order to identify the source of the observed phenomena. An experimental configuration is therefore proposed comparing the damage induced by aluminum and polymeric material projectile at similar kinetic energy on single wall and Whipple shield aluminum targets at velocities up to 5.4 km/s. This database will be used to feed numerical simulation with appropriate models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of concrete constitutive models for predicting the response, damage, and residual capacity of reinforced concrete beams subject to low velocity impact","authors":"Amirmohammad Samadzad,&nbsp;Matthew Whelan,&nbsp;Seth Cathey,&nbsp;Nicole Braxtan,&nbsp;Shenen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low velocity impact loading from accidental collisions is a common hazard for reinforced concrete components and structures used in infrastructure applications. Both the design of resilience measures and post-event forensic assessments of such structures can be supported using finite element analysis with advanced concrete constitutive models, however comparative benchmarking of available models to multiple experiments has been limited to date. This study comprehensively evaluates the performance of five concrete constitutive models – Continuous Surface Cap Model (CSCM), Karagozian and Case Concrete (KCC), Riedel–Hiermaier–Thoma (RHT), Concrete Damage Plasticity Model (CDPM), and Winfrith concrete – for analyzing the response of reinforced concrete beams to low-velocity impacts and the subsequent response of the damaged beam to static loading. The investigation includes simulation of five series of drop weight beam experiments conducted on reinforced concrete beams encompassing a range of reinforcement ratios, shear-to-flexural resistance ratios, and impact energies. The performance of each constitutive model is assessed based on comparisons with experimentally observed displacement time histories, damage patterns, and the load–displacement responses of the damaged beams under static loading. The results provide insight into the conditions under which each constitutive model replicates the experimental measurements with strong agreement when initialized with automatic parameter generation and default parameter assignments, while also identifying significant discrepancies in the nature and extent of damage predicted when using each model. This study highlights the importance of concrete constitutive model selection for accurate impact simulation and offers practical guidance for engineers and researchers in choosing appropriate constitutive models for assessing the response of reinforced concrete structures under impact loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105310"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}