International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

Development of back-face coatings for the characterization of non-reflective and opaque materials by laser shocks

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105327

Solenn Le Mouroux , David Lebaillif , Laurent Berthe , Philippe Viot , Jérémie Girardot

{"title":"Development of back-face coatings for the characterization of non-reflective and opaque materials by laser shocks","authors":"Solenn Le Mouroux , David Lebaillif , Laurent Berthe , Philippe Viot , Jérémie Girardot","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study intends to make possible the dynamic characterization of a non-reflective and opaque material using a laser shock test which must lead to the establishment of an equation of state and a constitutive law. The instrumentation used is a back-face velocity measurement by a green laser interferometry (VISAR). In this study, a metallic coating (aluminum) is added to the back-face of the non-reflective material to be characterized (here an elastomer). The influence of the back-face coating thickness on material characterization is studied experimentally and numerically. The experimental results indicate that, whatever the thickness of the metal coating, it is possible to determine the equation of state of the material using a simulation model. Limitations of the proposed protocol are then finally discussed to get a constitutive law at loading up to 20 GPa. The role of a probable early damaging at the back-face of the sample and improvements proposals are given through numerical analysis of the shock tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105327"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dimensional analysis and scalability of a simplified hull girder subjected to underwater explosion shock loading

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105332

Giovanni Marchesi, Jacopo Bardiani, Luca Lomazzi, Andrea Manes

{"title":"Dimensional analysis and scalability of a simplified hull girder subjected to underwater explosion shock loading","authors":"Giovanni Marchesi, Jacopo Bardiani, Luca Lomazzi, Andrea Manes","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conducting full-scale experiments on naval structures subjected to underwater explosions (UNDEX) is generally impractical, leading to the employment of small-scale models. This requires the existence of scaling laws that relate the behaviour of the full-scale structure to the prototype. However, the derivation of scaling laws for impact problems is hindered by the distortion induced by strain rate effects, and scholars in the last 20 years have focused on developing correction methodologies. However, their application to naval structures remains unexplored. This work examines the interaction between the primary shock of a UNDEX and the structural response, focusing on the scalability of a steel Simplified Hull Girder (SHG). The investigation is based on numerical simulations carried out using the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian framework, and is demonstrated against an experimentally validated case study. In the selected scenario, the SHG prototype undergoes hogging damage. The response of small-scale models with scaling factors of 1/2, 1/10, 1/20, 1/50, 1/80, and 1/100 is investigated, revealing distortions caused by strain rate effects. A correction strategy based on the joint or exclusive modification of the explosive mass and the material’s static yield strength is employed to compensate for these effects, yielding satisfactory results. Unlike existing studies, which often focus on single damaged configurations, this work emphasises the time-dependent structural response, analysing the hogging motion of the SHG and the influence of the correction strategy over time. The proposed approach demonstrates the effectiveness of the correction procedure in the largely unexplored naval domain and contributes to the development of general scaling laws for structural impact problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105332"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of a coupled element-particle approach to debris analysis during hypervelocity impact

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105340

Sean Stokes, Javid Bayandor

{"title":"Validation of a coupled element-particle approach to debris analysis during hypervelocity impact","authors":"Sean Stokes, Javid Bayandor","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Typically, numerical modeling of hypervelocity impact is done using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. When traditional Finite Element Methods are employed to model hypervelocity impact events numerical instabilities due to significant element distortion results in negative volumes that require element erosion. When elements are eroded, energy is no longer conserved, and the contact interface changes, resulting in inaccurate forces at the surface of contact. For this reason, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics is typically implemented to numerically model hypervelocity impact events. While Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics does not suffer from element distortion due to the meshless nature of using a purely particle approach, this method does not provide an adequate method of analyzing surviving fragments and debris. Experimental results from hypervelocity impact tests have shown that in many cases large debris may survive the impact, but when using a particle method, the result is a cloud of fine particles unable to resolve this larger debris. A technique to couple both methods, by initially defining components out of traditional finite elements, and assigning ghost particles to replace those elements when they fail, has recently allowed for improved debris characterization. This coupled method has yet to be thoroughly validated for hypervelocity impact numerical modeling. In this analysis a thorough validation of the coupled element-particle method compared against pure SPH methods is conducted, through numerical validation of both the FEM and SPH methods during high-strain rate Taylor bar experiments of OFHC copper, and the implementation of a coupled element-particle hypervelocity impact model. Velocimetry data from experimental hypervelocity impacts is used to assess the accuracy of both the coupled element-particle method, and the purely SPH method. Additionally, the solid debris generated by the coupled element-particle model is compared against the debris from experimental radiographs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An experimental investigation of ice ball impact behaviour to improve PV panel hailstone safety

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105315

Daniele Forni , Mauro Caccivio , Dominika Chudy , Ezio Cadoni

{"title":"An experimental investigation of ice ball impact behaviour to improve PV panel hailstone safety","authors":"Daniele Forni , Mauro Caccivio , Dominika Chudy , Ezio Cadoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hailstorms are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change, particularly in alpine regions. PV module resistance to hail impacts is being improved, as outlined by standards like IEC 61215 (25 mm hailstones at 80km/h) and Swiss VKF (30 mm minimum or larger). Increasing hailstone size and speed, increased safety margins are needed and it can be achieved with upgraded hail test stands. Initially, the impact of hail simulated by standards with an ice ball must be examined. Impact velocity, impact angle (<span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>45</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>), and duration were studied for ice balls with diameter ranging from 25 to 90 mm at speeds of 25, 50, 75 and 100m/s and temperatures ranging from <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>28</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>C. Experimental data were analysed using dimensionless peak force and corresponding time as a function of dimensionless velocity and impact angle. Furthermore, compressive and indirect tensile strengths were studied in quasi-static and high strain rate regimes as a function of temperature. Based on these results, empirical relationships defined as functions of the impact velocity, sample size, dynamic tensile strength, density, and elastic wave speed of ice were analysed and compared with findings in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105315"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic tensile extrusion of 0.25 and 0.30 caliber hypervelocity particles

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105331

W. Casey Uhlig, Matthew Coppinger, Brian Wilmer, Paul Berning

引用次数: 0

Tensile and shear fracture behavior of maraging steel with defective expansion rings: A phase field study

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105339

Gensheng Cheng, Haoyue Han, Yichen Zhang, Tao Wang, Guangyan Huang

{"title":"Tensile and shear fracture behavior of maraging steel with defective expansion rings: A phase field study","authors":"Gensheng Cheng, Haoyue Han, Yichen Zhang, Tao Wang, Guangyan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In military applications, the structural integrity of missile and warhead shells, as well as gun barrels, is of paramount importance as they undergo high-strain-rate deformation and fracture under explosive loads. Despite advances, a comprehensive model for the fracture mechanisms under such conditions remains elusive. This study investigates the dynamic fracture behavior of metal rings, representing a 120 mm gun barrel, under explosive impact loading using a thermo-elastic-plastic phase field model. The model examines the effects of defects and peak load on the expansion ring fracture process, revealing that both tensile and shear failures occur during the explosive-driven expansion. Notably, shear cracks precede tensile cracks in this context. When load magnitude and defect configuration align with the material's properties, fracture occurs in two distinct phases: primary fracture dominated by explosive load and secondary fracture driven by residual internal forces. The primary fracture is completed in the first 20–30 μs, and the secondary fracture lasts for 100 μs until it ends, resulting in eight square fragments and several triangular fragments with sizes less than or equal to those of the defects, which provides insights into controlled fragmentation patterns for structural design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105339"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical characteristics of additive manufactured biomimetic gradient circular honeycombs with nested strategy under static and dynamic loading

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105338

Mingyang Xu , Qixuan Zeng , Weidong Song , Zhonghua Du , Mingchuan Yang , Han Ma , Rongmei Luo , Jiangbo Wang , Meng Wang , Chun Guo

{"title":"Mechanical characteristics of additive manufactured biomimetic gradient circular honeycombs with nested strategy under static and dynamic loading","authors":"Mingyang Xu , Qixuan Zeng , Weidong Song , Zhonghua Du , Mingchuan Yang , Han Ma , Rongmei Luo , Jiangbo Wang , Meng Wang , Chun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the microstructure of bamboo and the membrane wing structure of bats in nature, this study proposes nested self-similar gradient circular honeycomb (WNSGH) and nested non-self-similar gradient circular honeycomb (SNNGH). The deformation patterns and energy absorption properties of WNSGH and SNNGH under quasi-static compression, drop weight impact and Kolsky dynamic impact loading are systematically investigated using both experimental and finite element methods. The energy absorption mechanisms of the representative unit cells are elucidated through a series of finite element calculations. The results from both experimental studies and numerical simulations demonstrated that the nested gradient strategy could significantly enhance the specific energy absorption (<em>SEA</em>) of regular circular honeycomb (RCH). Specifically, under quasi-static loading, WNSGH and SNNGH exhibited increases of 66.8 % and 85 %, respectively, and improvements of 53.4 % and 14 %, respectively, under Kolsky bar dynamic impact loading. The deformation patterns of the two gradient honeycombs were found to be sensitive to the loading rate. Further findings indicated that the energy absorption performance of WNSGH and SNNGH outperformed many other existing circular honeycomb structures with different gradient strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of impact velocity and target stiffness on hard impact into thin concrete targets

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105336

L.E. Hlavicka-Laczák , V. Hlavicka , S.G. Nehme , Gy. Károlyi

引用次数: 0

Study on the damage patterns of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells under underwater explosion(UNDEX) loading

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105312

Yuan Gao , Xiyu Jia , Xi Lu , Feng Ma

{"title":"Study on the damage patterns of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells under underwater explosion(UNDEX) loading","authors":"Yuan Gao , Xiyu Jia , Xi Lu , Feng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural damage caused by underwater explosions (UNDEX) is a critical research area in engineering and industrial applications. This study investigates the damage patterns of a typical ring-stiffened aluminum cylinder subjected to UNDEX through experiments and numerical simulations. A series of Φ9 m × 9 m explosion pond tests were conducted to validate numerical simulations and analyze structural responses under varying standoff distances (12/10.4/9.6/8.8 charge radii). An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE)-based method was employed to further explore the effects of charge weight (10/50/100/200/400/800 g) and standoff distance on structural failure. The results identified three failure modes—sagging deformation, wavelike deformation, and rupture—with sagging and rupture as the dominant modes. The coupling processes between the impact load and structural response for each mode were analyzed in detail. Based on these findings, a damage phase diagram was developed to illustrate the relationship between explosive mass, standoff distance, and damage modes, providing an intuitive representation of failure mechanisms. Additionally, dimensional analysis identified two key parameters—scaled distance and charge radius—that influence damage outcomes, with their relative influence weights quantified. This study provides critical insights into the failure mechanisms of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells under underwater explosions and offers valuable guidance for predicting damage and designing protective structures in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105312"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of surface topography on the crater formation process of rubble-pile asteroids

IF 5.1 2区工程技术

International Journal of Impact Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105325

Yusaku Yokota , Masahiko Arakawa , Minami Yasui , Kei Shirai , Sunao Hasegawa

{"title":"Effects of surface topography on the crater formation process of rubble-pile asteroids","authors":"Yusaku Yokota , Masahiko Arakawa , Minami Yasui , Kei Shirai , Sunao Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High velocity impact experiments were conducted on a conical shaped sand target, simulating a large-scale cratering formed in gravity-dominated regime, which could be affected by a surface topography such as curvature of bodies. The target material consists of dry quartz sand, prepared in conical shape with its vertex angle 120° A spherical Al projectile with its diameter of 2 mm was impacted vertically on the top part of a cone at the velocity from 1 to 4 km/s. After the impact, a top part of the conical target was excavated to form a shallow bowl-shaped crater on the top. The target resembled a trapezoid when observed from the side. The crater rim radius was able to be scaled by a conventional π-scaling relationship although it's radius was about 10 % smaller than that of the crater formed on semi-infinite flat surface. This might be caused by the geometrical effect of the target. The ejecta opening angle was measured at the time of crater formation and it was about 130°, where this is larger than that of the ejecta curtain, <90°, formed over the target of semi-infinite flat surface. This wider ejecta opening angle on conical target was able to be well reproduced by utilizing the Maxwell Z-model to a conical target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 105325"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0