International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Research on the ballistic impact response of a corrugated composite armor","authors":"Zhiyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Yang ,&nbsp;Yalun Dong ,&nbsp;Dian Li ,&nbsp;Lishi Ou ,&nbsp;Zixu Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhuang Lin ,&nbsp;Linzhi Wu ,&nbsp;Xi Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the ballistic impact response of a ceramic/metal/ UHMWPE corrugated composite armor through experiments and numerical simulations, comparing its performance with a planar design. The residual velocity and ballistic trajectory of projectiles, as well as the failure modes and the energy absorption of structures, were systematically analyzed. The effects of impact position on ballistic resistance were examined, and a theoretical model for the ballistic limit of the corrugated armor, considering obliquity, was developed and validated. The results show that the corrugated structure outperforms planar armor in energy absorption and ballistic resistance, with the crest position offering the highest ballistic limit, followed by the slope and trough. The deflection of the projectile at the slope position increases penetration time, especially at lower velocities, and the inclusion of UHMWPE fiber laminates enhances energy absorption through fiber tensile failure. These results highlight the effectiveness of corrugated designs for improving the ballistic resistance of multi-component composite armors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic mechanical behaviors and deformation mechanism of hybrid triply periodic minimal surface structures","authors":"Weidong Song ,&nbsp;Runzhi Li ,&nbsp;Genzhu Feng ,&nbsp;Lijun Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybrid design strategy has proven effective for traditional strut-based lattice metamaterials to enhance their stability and energy absorption performance. However, previous studies have been insufficiently comprehensive in exploring energy absorption performance and other related aspects. Given the superior mechanical properties of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures, four different types of hybrid TPMS structures were designed and fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. Quasi-static and dynamic experiments were conducted to investigate their mechanical response and deformation behavior under compression, with a focus on the impact of relative density, loading directions and loading speeds. Meanwhile, numerical simulations were supplemented according to the experimental arrangement to uncover mesoscopic information that cannot be directly obtained from experiments. The experimental and numerical results demonstrated that the hybrid structures exhibited distinct properties depending on the loading direction. As the relative density increased, the plateau stress of the hybrid structures increased significantly, while the deformation mode remained nearly unchanged. Compared to specimens compressed along the lateral direction, the hybrid structures subjected to axial loading presented higher plateau stress due to their uniform deformation. Additionally, the hybrid design mitigated the stress softening phenomenon in the post-yield response of TPMS structures. Notably, the hybrid TPMS structures demonstrated superior specific energy absorption (SEA) and energy absorption efficiency compared to uniform structures, with SEA shows an improvement of 15 % to 59 % compared to the uniform Gyroid structure, and an improvement of 5.6 % to 72.4 % compared to the uniform Diamond structure. These findings provide potential prospects for application in the field of impact resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105359"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion from hypervelocity impacts with simultaneously launched particles","authors":"Justin Moreno ,&nbsp;Matthew Shaeffer ,&nbsp;Samuel Slingluff ,&nbsp;Yo-Rhin Rhim ,&nbsp;David Brown ,&nbsp;K.T. Ramesh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypervelocity impacts involving microparticles, typically ranging from micrometers to millimeters in size, are a significant threat in aerospace applications. Degradation of optical components and sensors from collisions with airborne dust and sand can cause light to be scattered and a reduction in resolution. Here we develop a method to launch and characterize impacts from particles ranging from 70–820 µm at speeds &gt; 4 km/s. The methods developed here build on the buckshot method from previous studies while using features unique to the Hypervelocity Facility for Impact Research Experiments (HyFIRE) at Johns Hopkins University. This methodology is then used to impact select target materials with aluminum powders or lunar regolith simulant (JSC-1) at various angles of obliquity to simulate sand and or ash erosion for high altitude vehicles and spacecraft. The velocity distribution of the particle impacts was characterized using ultra high-speed imaging of the impact surface and the degree of surface erosion was measured using post-mortem profilometry. While some of these techniques and specifications are unique to the HyFIRE facility, the methods presented here can be adapted at other hypervelocity testing facilities to study microparticle material erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mars sample return earth entry system micrometeoroid and orbital debris risk uncertainty analysis","authors":"Michael D. Squire ,&nbsp;Victor Cabrera ,&nbsp;Eric Christiansen ,&nbsp;Alan Jenkin ,&nbsp;Kevin Hoffman ,&nbsp;Quincy McKown ,&nbsp;Peter Parker ,&nbsp;Glenn Peterson ,&nbsp;Bruno Victorino Sarli ,&nbsp;William Schonberg ,&nbsp;Katie Steward ,&nbsp;Brian Tulaba ,&nbsp;Joel Williamsen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spacecraft designers and operators use micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) risk assessments to predict the probability that an MMOD particle impact will cause a critical failure to their systems. An important aspect of MMOD risk and associated requirements is the treatment of uncertainty, often difficult to quantify or even estimate for many elements of MMOD risk. There are several sources of uncertainty in every MMOD risk assessment, and previous analyses have addressed some, at least from a qualitative standpoint. This paper describes recent efforts to estimate MMOD risk uncertainty due to uncertainties in inputs to the MMOD risk assessment process for a portion of the planned Mars Sample Return campaign.</div><div>The paper explores how sources of uncertainty for the meteoroid environment model and ballistic limit equations were estimated and how applying those uncertainty bounds influenced MMOD risk. Uncertainty bounds for the meteoroid environment were defined by estimating upper and lower bounds for meteoroid flux as a function of heliocentric distance, given by the Meteoroid Engineering Model version 3. Ballistic limit equation uncertainty bounds were given as a percentage increase or decrease in impacting-particle critical diameter. The results demonstrate the relative effect each input source uncertainty had on the overall risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105362"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blast response similarities of elastoplastic stiffened plates","authors":"Yuankun Qin,&nbsp;Huaiwei Huang,&nbsp;Xiaohu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The similarity rule of dynamic behaviors of multi-scale structures under blast load is still a pending issue due to lack of sufficient theoretical supports. Based on the classical beam and plate theory, this paper deduces the dynamic governing equations of elastoplastic stiffened plates under blast loads, which are subsequently used to derive the similarity numbers governing similarity behaviors, and finally give the similarity criterion and establish an effective response similarity analysis method of the problem. The present similarity analysis method is verified numerically by normalizing the response results between the prototype structure and the 1/20 scaled ones with or without material distortion, and the response similarities are fully discussed in both time and spatial domains to reveal the similarity essences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105335"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified reflective Digital Gradient Sensing applied to hypervelocity impact applications","authors":"Pinkesh Malhotra ,&nbsp;Chengyun Miao ,&nbsp;Justin Moreno ,&nbsp;Matthew Shaeffer ,&nbsp;K.T. Ramesh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obtaining full-field measurements on materials under hypervelocity impacts is challenging because of the high-speeds involved, and in the case of brittle materials because of small deflections before fracture. Here we present an implementation of a modified Digital Gradient Sensing (DGS) experimental technique that can achieve both high-sensitivity and full-field deformation measurement capability at the same time during a hypervelocity impact. The modified-Reflective Digital Gradient Sensing (mR-DGS) method is used to capture rear surface displacements (with a sensitivity <span><math><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) of plates of an engineering alloy and an advanced ceramic during high-velocity impact by a spherical impactor. The early time material response of the target material is captured, together with the corresponding surface transients. The approach allows us to capture complex spatial phenomena during the impact event and provides a rich in situ and real time dataset to help develop and validate material models. This approach provides a significant advancement to the study of hypervelocity impacts on materials, and has some advantages over both photon doppler velocimetry and traditional digital image correlation. The resulting full-field measurements can be used to calibrate, discriminate between, and validate material models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ observation of ductile failure with High-speed X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging","authors":"Mariem Nouira ,&nbsp;Georg C. Ganzenmüller ,&nbsp;Puneeth Jakkula ,&nbsp;Sankalp Patil ,&nbsp;Bratislav Lukić ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Foster ,&nbsp;Stefan Hiermaier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the primary mechanisms contributing to damage accumulation in additively manufactured Scalmalloy (Al-Mg-Sc) subjected to tensile tests at low and high strain rates. High-speed <em>X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging</em> (<em>XPCI</em>) performed at beamline ID19 of the <em>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility</em> (<em>ESRF</em>) provide real-time, high-resolution through-volume visualization of internal void evolution processes, including void nucleation, growth, and coalescence. This advanced experimental approach facilitates the precise calibration of established physics-based fracture models, such as the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (<em>GTN</em>) model, which otherwise relies on assumptions that are very difficult to verify experimentally. The 2D images captured during <em>in-situ</em> testing were segmented to identify and track individual voids using advanced computational techniques. The strain fields within the material were calculated via the <em>Moving Least Squares</em> (<em>MLS</em>) method, enabling accurate local strain estimation in materials with complex and evolving microstructures. The results show significant strain rate effects on the void evolution in Scalmalloy. At low strain rates, the void fraction increased steadily as a result of isolated void growth. In contrast, high strain rates demonstrated complex deformation behaviors, with slow initial void growth transitioning to rapid coalescence beyond a critical strain threshold, ultimately resulting in extensive internal damage. Moreover, the analysis of the time derivative of the apparent void fraction and its relationship with the local strain rate reveals proportional damage evolution at low strain rates, indicating progressive void growth. At high strain rates, the strong linear relationships observed between the rate of change of the apparent void fraction and the local strain rate, validate the applicability of the <em>GTN</em> model and demonstrate its ability to predict rapid void coalescence and ductile fracture under dynamic loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of impact energy on failure and deformation scaling similarity of RC beams: a physical and numerical study","authors":"Jian Li ,&nbsp;Renbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yifei Hao ,&nbsp;Liu Jin ,&nbsp;Shuyou Xue ,&nbsp;Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conducting geometrically similar beam tests under drop hammer impacts from scaled-down to prototype is the most effective way to discuss the scaling effects of impact response. This study conducted impact tests on geometrically similar beams at three impact velocities. The failure modes, midspan displacement time history curves, and peak values were compared. Based on the test results, finite element extension analysis was conducted. The effect of scaling form of impact mass and velocity on the deformation scaling similarity of geometrically similar beams was analyzed. Then, in-depth mechanism explanations and discussions were carried out. From the test observations, it was concluded that the damage to large-sized beams is more severe than that of small-sized beams, and there is a scaling effect on the normalized peak midspan displacement. As the impact mass increases and the impact velocity decreases at the same energy, the scaling effect is enhanced, which is related to the differences in failure modes and response processes of large-sized beams. Finally, a similarity model of midspan displacement for geometrically similar RC beams was further verified. A design expression for determining the limiting impact energy based on laboratory scaling results or allowable displacements is presented. This study is expected to enrich the drop hammer impact database and provide a reference for designing and evaluating the impact resistance of large-sized and prototype beams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105361"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi cross-scale effect on composite auxetic honeycomb sandwich structures subjected to dynamic loadings","authors":"Yifan Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Xinlin Gan ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite auxetic sandwich with efficient deformation reinforcement and specific energy absorption emerge as promising candidates for protective applications. This study presents a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation into the negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) effects manifested in hexagonal honeycomb core sandwich composites under varying loading patterns and intensity levels. A quasi cross-scale analytical framework is established through comparative analysis of dynamic responses across sandwich geometries, effectively bridging structural dimensional characteristics with loading pattern influences. The results demonstrates that the deformation mechanism associated with NPR effect changes significantly with the loading pattern from quasi-static to dynamic planar compressions and then to local impact, which is insensitive to the structural scale under the identical load pattern. The enhanced NPR effect renders dynamic strength increases notably with the increasing structural scale, and the enhance effect is rate-independent for the same configuration. Different from the overall structural reinforcement under planar compressions, the majority of cells remain largely unaffected until the cells in front of the impact site are fully collapsed, indicating the enhanced impact resistance caused by NPR effect is significantly limited by the response velocity of cells. Under the impact, the material properties rather than NPR effects dominate energy absorption performance, with increased impact angles substantially reducing structural deflection and failure. The results of this study deepen the understanding of auxetic honeycomb sandwich structures and may provide new strategies and inspiration for the optimized design of advanced protective structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105358"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigations of the effect of CFRP on the impact resistance of concrete under high-velocity impact","authors":"Elena Kim ,&nbsp;Andrei Plyaskin ,&nbsp;Chang-Hwan Lee ,&nbsp;Min Jae Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a combination of concrete and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) to improve the impact resistance of concrete structures under high-velocity impact impacts. An ogive nose-shaped projectile-impact experimental study is conducted on 300 × 300 × 150 mm concrete panels, and the concrete panels are strengthened with CFRP sheets or grids. Numerical modeling is performed to predict the depth of penetration (DOP) and damaged area of the concrete panel. The explicit algorithm of the Abaqus software is employed to simulate the high-velocity impact. The projectile and concrete are modeled as deformable bodies using the Johnson-Cook and Concrete Damage Plasticity models, respectively. The Hashin model was used to estimate the damage to CFRP. The simulation results showed deviations in the prediction of DOP and crater damage that were within a reasonable range, less than 10%. Moreover, the results showed that the panels with CFRP sheets and grids absorb the impact energy well. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed simplified model has high reliability in the high-velocity impact analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 105354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}