International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Implementation of three-dimensional contact algorithm in numerical manifold method for the structural impact simulation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Structural impact often accompanies large amounts of contacts and leads to complex mechanical phenomena. In solid mechanics, the numerical manifold method (NMM) is proposed to address problems featuring continuous-discontinuous transitions by utilizing a dual coverage system encompassing both mathematical and physical covers. In the present work, a penalty contact algorithm for 3DNMM based on cover-based contact theory is programmed and applied to impact mechanics problems. The accuracy of the developed contact algorithm is firstly calibrated through free-falling blocks and collision blocks. The influence of contact parameters on contact convergence is systematically studied, and three preliminary criteria for how to set contact parameters are provided. The effectiveness of the contact algorithm is verified by conserving system momentum during block collisions. Subsequently, the contact algorithm is applied to Taylor rod and car-streetlight impact simulation, further confirming its effectiveness in modeling high-speed collisions, large displacements, and large deformations of structures. By comparing the 3DNMM results with those from Abaqus, the contact algorithm developed here performs exceptionally well in solving collision problems and produces results consistent with commercial software. The research results in the present work verify the applicability and accuracy of the proposed contact algorithm in solving structural dynamic impact problems. The present work also provides guidance for contact parameter setting in impact problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141623261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic shear behavior of CFRP-concrete interface: Test and 3D mesoscale numerical simulation","authors":"Hao Wu,&nbsp;Siyu Lu,&nbsp;De Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study on dynamic shear behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete interface is of great significance for the performance evaluation and design of FRP externally strengthened concrete structures. Firstly, the quasi-static and dynamic single shear test on the interfacial shear behavior between carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet and concrete substrate was carried out. The corresponding failure modes of CFRP-concrete interface, CFRP strain-time histories, load-displacement curves, and interfacial shear stress-slip relationships under loading rates of 8.33 × 10⁻⁶–10 m·s⁻¹ were obtained. It was indicated that the dynamic interfacial shear behaviors, i.e., interfacial failure mode, debonding load, interfacial shear stress, etc., were sensitive to loading rates. Then, a 3D mesoscale modeling approach of concrete with random shaped, sized, and spatially distributed convex polyhedron aggregates was proposed, in which the volume fraction of aggregates was adjustable within the range of 0–50 % through gravitational drop and size scaling of aggregates. Furthermore, based on the established 3D mesoscale concrete model and the zero-thickness cohesive elements for adhesive layer, numerical simulations for FPR-concrete interfacial shear behavior were conducted and validated by comparing with the present and existing quasit-static and dynamic single shear tests. The experimental phenomenon of the failure location transferring from concrete substrate to adhesive layer at high loading rates was numerically reproduced. Finally, the influences of strain rate enhancing effects of aggregates and mortar on the interfacial failure modes were discussed. It was revealed that the failure location transferring from the concrete substrate to the adhesive layer was significantly affected by the strength enhancement of mortar and aggregates with the loading rate increasing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141594540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crash analysis of glass mat thermoplastic (GF/PA6) tubes considering splaying failure mode and energy absorption","authors":"Geunsu Joo,&nbsp;Young Cheol Kim,&nbsp;Hong-Kyu Jang,&nbsp;Jinbong Kim,&nbsp;Mungyu Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glass mat thermoplastic tubes are potential materials for improving crashworthiness owing to their excellent crash energy absorption capability due to their splaying failure mode of glass mat thermoplastic tubes, which must be considered in the crash analysis to accurately predict their crash performance. This study investigates the crash analysis of glass-mat thermoplastic composite tubes to realize the splaying failure mode and crash energy absorption capability. We evaluated the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of advanced glass mat thermoplastics, termed multi-layered hybrid mats, and employed the result in a 3D Hashin-type continuum damage model implemented with a user material subroutine. For the crash analysis of glass mat thermoplastic tubes, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model, including cohesive elements in the middle layer of the tube to simulate the splaying failure mode, was constructed. In addition, in the process of the efficient FE modeling of the crash tube, the fracture toughness correction factor was proposed and optimized to calibrate the energy absorption in conjunction with crash test results, as interlaminar fracture modeling causes a difference in energy absorption between the actual test and simulation. As a result, the proposed crash analysis predicted the energy absorption capacity and a splaying failure mode of glass-mat thermoplastic tubes, demonstrating strong concordance with experimental results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response of rock sheds to successive rockfall impacts using lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) cushions: An experimental and numerical study","authors":"Hani Meree ,&nbsp;Dongpo Wang ,&nbsp;Shuaixing Yan ,&nbsp;Mengjie Li ,&nbsp;Shuai Lu ,&nbsp;Marco Lovati ,&nbsp;Fusheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effectiveness of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) as a novel cushion material mitigating repeated rockfall impacts on reinforced concrete (RC) slabs in rock sheds. Small-scale impact tests and finite element simulations analyze LECA particle size, cushioning material, block shape, and impact energy level influence on the dynamic response and damage. Results show LECA outperforms sand in attenuating impact forces and transmitted loads under successive impacts, which indicates a better protection effect on the substructure. Smaller LECA particles lead to wider stress distribution angles, longer impact durations, and lower peak forces. Block shape significantly influences impact force, with higher unified nose factors increasing forces. LECA cushions exhibit a dynamic amplification factor less than 1, indicating reduced transmitted loads compared to sand. Under high-impact energy conditions, the LECA cushion limits RC slab deflection within the elastic limit across all block shapes, while sand exceeds the elastic limit, potentially leading to structural failure. LECA mitigates flexural cracking and redistributes loads more uniformly, reducing overall RC slab damage compared to sand. However, localized failure modes require further optimization. This study highlights LECA's potential for enhancing rock shed structural safety and resilience against severe rockfall events, providing insights for optimal mitigation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and virtual testing of mode II and mixed mode crack propagation under dynamic loading","authors":"José M. Guerrero ,&nbsp;Emilio V. González ,&nbsp;José A. Artero ,&nbsp;Adrián Cimadevilla ,&nbsp;J.M. Rodríguez-Sereno ,&nbsp;Joan A. Mayugo ,&nbsp;Elisabeth De Blanpre ,&nbsp;Vincent Jacques","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under static loading, measuring experimentally the mode II and mixed mode fracture toughness of composite materials and adhesive joints is well standardised. However, under dynamic loading, no standard procedure has been defined yet. Therefore, this paper proposes an experimental methodology to measure the mode II and mixed mode interlaminar fracture toughness of composite materials and adhesive joints. The methodology is based on a modified split Hopkinson compression bar. Two different data reduction schemes are explored and compared, one based on measuring the crack length, and another based on measuring the force from the strains in the transmitted bar. The two data reduction methods provided considerably different results. By using the method based on measuring the force, the mode II and mixed mode fracture toughness for both interlaminar and adhesive joints decreased for higher strain rates, while the opposite was found with the other approach. The method based on the crack length measurement was deemed to be unreliable due to the difficulties in measuring it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734743X24001660/pdfft?md5=a7d5a1283d06a8fcac0310f352373be0&pid=1-s2.0-S0734743X24001660-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141594539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the dynamic response of elastic-plastic beams by dimensional analysis","authors":"Haoru Xie,&nbsp;Xiaorun Huang,&nbsp;Yongjie Feng,&nbsp;Xinming Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elastic-plastic beams subjected to dynamic loading are widely found in engineering. However, due to the complex coupling of geometric and material nonlinearity, there is no complete analytical solution available. In this paper, based on energy conservation and dimensional analysis, a dominant dimensionless number, the loading intensity <em>ξ</em>, is proposed. Including both the effects of geometry, material and load, <em>ξ</em> could be used to predict the significant responses of an elastic-plastic beam under uniformly pressure loading, such as energy ratio, deflection ratio and deformation mechanism. With combination of loading intensity <em>ξ</em> and dimensionless stiffness <em>β</em>, the dimensionless maximum and final deflections of elastic-plastic beams under pressure loading can be predicted directly. Dimensionless numbers of beams with different cross-sections, or under different loading forms are also analyzed and confirmed.</p><p>Then, elastic effect over dynamic response of elastic-plastic beams is analyzed. For final deflection, it is found <span><math><mrow><mi>ξ</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span> is the applicability of theoretical solution based on rigid, perfectly plastic (R-PP) material simplification. However, R-PP results can't be used in initial plastic hinge location and subsequent plastic zone evolution, even for very large <em>ξ</em>.</p><p>Using these dimensionless numbers, experimental or simulation data could be expressed in a normalized and comparable form, and the physical mechanisms will be more intuitive and clearer, which is valuable for scaled dynamic tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear localization as a damage mechanism in pore collapse under shock compression","authors":"Z. Lovinger ,&nbsp;R. Kositski","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of porosity in shock-compressed materials is widely studied in the literature, accounting for its contribution to the materials' compressibility and to shock attenuation. Yet, the role of porosity in damage or failure under shock compression is limitedly addressed. In this work, shear localization resulting from pore collapse is studied, in potential relation to damage and failure under shock compression. Ti-6Al-4V specimens, with cylindrical and spherical pores, were manufactured using additive manufacturing (AM), and a soft catch set-up was used to enable post-mortem analysis of the impacted specimens. Under plate impact experiments, at shock pressures of 3–8 GPa, the 1–2 mm voids demonstrated collapse, followed by the evolution of shear bands (SB), emanating from the pore's surface. Samples with multiple pores were also tested to examine the interaction of shear bands between adjacent pores, to coalesce to larger damage surfaces. Varying the impact velocity and corresponding impact pressures, protracted states of SB evolution were studied. Numerical simulations using a material damage model reproduced many of the experimentally demonstrated phenomena. The presented results suggest evidence that shear localization around pores could be a damage mechanism under shock compression, identified as a threshold effect, making it a significant mechanism to be well characterized. The applicability of this mechanism is examined in relation to damage behavior under shock compression, extrapolating the experimental findings to μm-sized pores at high pressures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a continuously repeated impact method with constant amplitude based on Hopkinson bar: Principle and impact fatigue life testing","authors":"Sihan Zhao ,&nbsp;Boli Li ,&nbsp;Kangbo Yuan ,&nbsp;Weiguo Guo ,&nbsp;Penghui Li ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jianhui Yang ,&nbsp;Meng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The lack of reliable testing methods and standards hinders systematic research on the impact fatigue performance of materials. The aim of developing an impact fatigue test method is to generate repeated impact loads with a constant amplitude, which is difficult to achieve using various existing impact test devices. This study investigated the principles of cyclic loading-resetting and constant-amplitude loading based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system, established a novel impact fatigue test device, and verified the developed method by testing the impact fatigue life of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Electromagnetic valves, laser sensors, and a vacuum pump were used in the developed device to launch and reset the striker bar; a servo motor and laser sensors were used to reset the loading bars and specimen, and the entire system was controlled by a programmable controller to achieve continuously repeated loading. To achieve constant-amplitude loading, the conditions required to ensure that the specimen moves away from the incident bar before the returning stress wave reloads the specimen was derived. It was found that a constant-amplitude repeated impact on the specimen could only be achieved through the precise design of the geometric configuration and material of the loading bars. This method is considerably simpler than various existing methods based on energy absorption and is more applicable to impact fatigue tests. The verification tests showed that the highest loading frequency of the device was 0.5 Hz, the loading rate exceeded 10⁵ kN/s, and the amplitude error of the repeated impact loads did not exceed 2.45 %. Under loads with the same amplitude, the impact fatigue life of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy was considerably shorter than the non-impact (low strain rate) fatigue life, which indicates the necessity of investigating the strain rate effect on the fatigue performance of materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on the ballistic performance of laminated ceramics","authors":"Metehan Cura ,&nbsp;Hamed Tanabi ,&nbsp;Baris Sabuncuoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ballistic performances of laminated ceramics were investigated experimentally and numerically and then compared with monolithic ceramics. Sixteen ceramic configurations were generated using two geometry types (hexagonal and square) and combination of three ceramic materials (Al₂O_3, SiC, and B₄C). Depth of Penetration ballistic tests were employed to evaluate their ballistic performance. According to the results, monolithic ceramic has higher ballistic performance than all laminated ceramic combinations. In laminated ceramics, using thicker ceramic on the strike-face increases the ballistic efficiency more than using it on the backing face. In addition, when a backing-face ceramic is combined with a more efficient strike-face ceramic, the ballistic performance is better than combination of same ceramic material. Lastly, finite element analysis were performed to simulate some of the tested configurations having SiC ceramic type. A similar trend was observed between the simulations and the tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the damage accumulation mechanism of 3D orthogonal woven composites under repeated low-velocity impacts","authors":"Zhiping Ying ,&nbsp;Haiyang Chen ,&nbsp;Zebin Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wu ,&nbsp;Lin Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents an experimental investigation into the response of carbon fiber reinforced composites with various fiber architectures to repeated low-velocity impacts. Mechanical response diagrams, including repetition numbers and damage morphologies of the composite samples, are provided. Varied energy levels (20 J, 35 J, 50 J) and impact numbers (up to 30th) are considered to induce perforated damage in the composite samples. It is found that the mechanical responses of the composite samples under repeated impact events exhibit distinct characteristics in terms of impact threshold and stiffness degradation. The 2D unidirectional (2DUD) laminated composite sample exhibits a high impact threshold during impact events but stiffness rapidly decays after an initial substantial decline. The 2D plain woven (2DPW) laminated composite sample accumulates impact damage at both high and low levels, resulting in a gradual stiffness decrease during impact events. In addition, the 3D orthogonal woven (3DOW) composite sample demonstrates a higher impact threshold with its stiffness gradually decreasing under high-level impacts. In contrast, both 2DUD and 2DPW composite samples exhibit extensive plastic deformation of the resin matrix with minimal fiber fracture, enabling efficient dissipation of impact energy. Conversely, the 3DOW composite sample primarily dissipates impact energy through fiber fracture. Additionally, it is noteworthy that while both 2DUD and 2DPW composites demonstrate enhanced robustness against repeated impacts at low-energy levels, a significant improvement in durability is observed specifically for the 3DOW composite under high-energy level impacts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}