Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition最新文献

The influence of complete and partial shared translation in the first language on semantic processing in the second language. 第一语言的完全和部分共享翻译对第二语言语义加工的影响。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001376

Tal Norman, Zohar Eviatar, Tamar Degani

{"title":"The influence of complete and partial shared translation in the first language on semantic processing in the second language.","authors":"Tal Norman, Zohar Eviatar, Tamar Degani","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001376","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated (a) whether L2 semantic processing is modulated by automatic activation of L1 translations, (b) whether L1 translation activation involves both phonological and orthographic representations, and (c) whether these phonological and orthographic representations of L1 translations are accessed along a similar time course. To this end, 48 Hebrew-English bilinguals and 48 native English speakers with no Hebrew knowledge performed a semantic relatedness judgment task in English. Critical prime-target pairs (n = 96) were semantically unrelated, but their translations in Hebrew could include form overlap. Specifically, complete translation-overlap pairs shared both a phonological and an orthographic lexical form (e.g., \"beak\" and \"source\" = מקור /makor/), whereas partial translation-overlap pairs shared either a phonological form (e.g., \"skin\" and \"light\" = /or/) or an orthographic form (e.g., \"book\" and \"barber\" = ספר) in Hebrew. Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of the prime-target L2-English words was further manipulated to reveal the time course of phonological and orthographic translation activation. Results showed that complete overlap in the translation lead Hebrew-English bilinguals, but not native English speakers, to judge semantically unrelated pairs as related in meaning and to do so more quickly irrespective of SOA. For partial translation overlap in phonology, the percentage of \"yes\" responses was affected only in the short SOA (300 ms), and under partial translation overlap in orthography, only in the long SOA (750 ms). These findings suggest that L1 translation activation during L2 word processing spreads to both phonological and orthographic representations but at different time points along processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Word concreteness modulates bilingual language control during reading comprehension. 词汇的具体性会调节阅读理解过程中的双语语言控制。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001385

Junjie Wu, Hongyu Zhao, Xinye Wu, Qianming Liu, Juan Su, Yannan Ji, Qiping Wang

{"title":"Word concreteness modulates bilingual language control during reading comprehension.","authors":"Junjie Wu, Hongyu Zhao, Xinye Wu, Qianming Liu, Juan Su, Yannan Ji, Qiping Wang","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001385","url":null,"abstract":"Controversies persist in the literature regarding the existence of bilingual language control during comprehension, which may be attributed to overlooking the modulating effect of word concreteness. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment using abstract and concrete words, thereby manipulating the activation level of the nontarget language. Sixty Chinese-English bilinguals were instructed to switch between two languages in word reading tasks. We found that abstract words (e.g., [correct], wrong) did not show switching costs, indicating no additional time for switching between languages compared to repeating the same language. In contrast, concrete words (e.g., [sunny], rainy) elicited significant larger switching costs. These findings might suggest greater language control demands on the nontarget language when reading more concrete words. This study offers insights into the modulating effect of word concreteness in language processing on bilingual language control during reading comprehension. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A neural index reflecting the amount of cognitive resources available during memory encoding: A model-based approach. 反映记忆编码过程中可用认知资源量的神经指数：基于模型的方法

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001364

Si Ma, Vencislav Popov, Qiong Zhang

{"title":"A neural index reflecting the amount of cognitive resources available during memory encoding: A model-based approach.","authors":"Si Ma, Vencislav Popov, Qiong Zhang","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001364","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have a limited amount of cognitive resources to process various cognitive operations at a given moment. The Source of Activation Confusion model of episodic memory proposes that resources are consumed during each processing, and once depleted, they need time to recover gradually. This has been supported by a series of behavioral findings in the past. However, the neural substrate of the resources is not known. In the present study, over an existing electroencephalogram data set of a free recall task (Kahana et al., 2022), we provided a neural index reflecting the amount of cognitive resources available for forming new memory traces. Unique to our approach, we obtained the neural index not through correlating neural patterns with behavior outcomes or experimental conditions, but by demonstrating its alignment with a latent quantity of cognitive resources inferred from the Source of Activation Confusion model. In addition, we showed that the identified neural index can be used to propose novel hypothesis regarding other long-term memory phenomena. Specifically, we found that according to the neural index, neural encoding patterns for subsequently recalled items correspond to greater available cognitive resources compared with those for subsequently unrecalled items. This provides a mechanistic account for the long-established subsequent memory effects (i.e., differential neural encoding patterns between subsequently recalled vs. subsequently unrecalled items), which has been previously associated with attention, fatigue, and properties of the stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

You sound like an evil young man: A distributional semantic analysis of systematic form-meaning associations for polarity, gender, and age in fictional characters' names. 你听起来像个邪恶的年轻人：对虚构人物姓名中极性、性别和年龄的系统形式-意义关联的分布语义分析。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001345

Aron Y Joosse, Gökçe Kuscu, Giovanni Cassani

{"title":"You sound like an evil young man: A distributional semantic analysis of systematic form-meaning associations for polarity, gender, and age in fictional characters' names.","authors":"Aron Y Joosse, Gökçe Kuscu, Giovanni Cassani","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001345","url":null,"abstract":"We detail a successful attempt in modeling associations about the age, gender, and polarity of fictional characters based on their names alone. We started by collecting ratings through an online survey on a sample of annotated names from young-adult, children, and fan-fiction stories. We collected ratings over three semantic differentials (gender: male-female; age: old-young; polarity: evil-good) using a slider bar. First, we show that participants tend to agree with authors: names judged to better suit female/young/evil characters tend to be assigned to female/young/evil characters in the original stories. We then show that, in a series of computational studies, we can predict participants' ratings on the three attributes using a distributional semantic model which derives representations for both lexical and sublexical patterns. This attempt was successful for all names, including made-up ones, and using both a supervised and an unsupervised approach. The prediction supported by distributed representations is much better than that afforded by symbolic features such as letters and phonological features, also when accounting for the complexity of the feature spaces. Our results show that people interpret both known and novel names relying on lexical and sublexical patterns, which suggests the availability of systematic form-meaning mappings in everyday language use. This further lends credit to the hypothesis that language internal statistics can support systematic form-meaning associations which apply to both known and novel lexical items. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceiving the "smallest" or "largest" multidigit number: A novel numeric-scale end effect. 感知 "最小 "或 "最大 "的多位数：新颖的数字尺度末端效应

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001386

Mariya Lozin, Michal Pinhas

{"title":"Perceiving the \"smallest\" or \"largest\" multidigit number: A novel numeric-scale end effect.","authors":"Mariya Lozin, Michal Pinhas","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001386","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to recognize the smallest/largest objects or numbers in our environment is an essential cognitive skill, however, little is known about perceiving multidigit numbers as end-values. The present study examined end effects in multidigit numbers and whether such effects are impacted by number length, which captures the numeric scale (e.g., 10's, 100's). Across four experiments (N = 120, 100, 80, and 120, respectively), participants performed three types of numerical comparisons: same-scale comparisons between end-values and nonend-values (e.g., 100 vs. 200), different-scale comparisons between end-values and nonend-values (e.g., 1,000 vs. 200), and same-scale comparisons of nonend-values (e.g., 300 vs. 200). The type of the end-value (i.e., lower/upper) and overall numerical range used in each experiment varied. The results revealed: (a) a novel numeric-scale end effect, characterized by a relatively small end effect for comparisons between nonend-values and end-values from an adjacent numeric scale, and a larger, consistently sized end effect for comparisons between nonend-values and end-values from nonadjacent numeric scales (≥ 2 scales), (b) absent or weak end effects in same-scale multidigit number comparisons, and (c) replication of the lower end effect for single-digit comparisons to the end-value 1. These results reveal differential processing of numbers from adjacent versus nonadjacent numeric scales. We rule out a psychophysical explanation for our findings and instead provide a syntactic explanation based on the perceptual dominance of the numeric-scale component and the way it manifests in the counting process. We conclude that a number's scale plays a crucial role in evaluating multidigit number magnitude. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are selection history effects limited to implicit forms of memory? Evidence from intertrial repetition. 选择史效应仅限于内隐记忆形式吗？试验间重复的证据

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001387

Ariel M Kershner,Andrew Hollingworth

{"title":"Are selection history effects limited to implicit forms of memory? Evidence from intertrial repetition.","authors":"Ariel M Kershner,Andrew Hollingworth","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001387","url":null,"abstract":"Selection history effects in visual attention are typically considered implicit memory effects. In three experiments, we investigated if a key selection history effect, intertrial priming, could be based on the incidental application of explicit memory. In the basic search task (Experiment 1), participants searched for real-world objects from different categories. We examined nonpredictive, intertrial repetition at two levels: (1) the repetition of target location from trial N-1 to trial N and (2) the repetition of target location and color within a category. Reliable repetition advantages were observed at both levels. In Experiments 2-4, we examined whether participants had explicit access to the target values driving the selection history effects here. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants could reliably report the properties of the immediately preceding search target. In Experiment 4, participants could reliably report the properties of the last target exemplar they had found in each of the 36 categories. These data indicate that guidance by selection history was based on the nonstrategic application of memory representations that could be explicitly retrieved and reported. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How do theory of mind and formal language skills impact metaphoric reference comprehension during children's school-age years. 思维理论和正式语言技能如何影响学龄儿童的隐喻参照理解。

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001381

Nicolas Petit,Valentina Bambini,Luca Bischetti,Jérôme Prado,Ira Noveck

{"title":"How do theory of mind and formal language skills impact metaphoric reference comprehension during children's school-age years.","authors":"Nicolas Petit,Valentina Bambini,Luca Bischetti,Jérôme Prado,Ira Noveck","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001381","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research has shown that school-aged children's metaphor comprehension becomes adultlike progressively. This has given rise to claims that the development of metaphor comprehension is due to children's evolving abilities with respect to theory of mind (ToM) or to formal language. The present work investigates the extent to which children's growing sophistication with metaphor is attributable to each of these. Experiment 1 validates a newly constructed tablet task-with two groups of children whose mean ages were approximately 7 and 10 (N = 89)-in which participants (a) listen to vignettes that conclude with either a metaphoric or a synonymic (control) reference and then (b) choose pictures (while latencies are recorded) that indicate whether the children understand the reference as intended. The outcomes from Experiment 1 confirm prior results: Accurate responding in the wake of a metaphoric reference increases with age; meanwhile, correct metaphoric responses take longer than synonymic ones. Experiment 2 tests a more expansive range of 6- to 11-year-olds (N = 248) and a wider array of tasks, including two clinical tasks measuring ToM and formal language skills which we use as cognitive predictors of metaphor accuracy and response times. Results show that ToM is a reliable predictor of successful performance on the metaphor task among younger children, before attenuating with age; in contrast, formal language is a predictor of metaphor comprehension that strengthens with age and is maximal in older children. This work underlines the importance of considering developmental perspectives when investigating the cognitive bases of metaphor skills. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Categorically distinct subsets allow flexible memory selection in hybrid search. 不同类别的子集允许在混合搜索中灵活选择内存。

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001377

Nurit Gronau,Makaela Nartker,Sharon Yakim,Igor Utochkin,Jeremy Wolfe

{"title":"Categorically distinct subsets allow flexible memory selection in hybrid search.","authors":"Nurit Gronau,Makaela Nartker,Sharon Yakim,Igor Utochkin,Jeremy Wolfe","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001377","url":null,"abstract":"In many everyday situations, we search our visual surroundings for any one of many memorized items held in memory, a process termed hybrid search. In some cases, only a portion of the memorized mental list is relevant within a specific visual context, thus, restricting memory search to the relevant subset would be desirable. Previous research had shown that participants largely fail to \"partition\" memory into several distinct subsets, on a trial-by-trial basis. However, given the known role of semantic content in long-term memory organization, we hypothesized that semantically defined subset categories might serve as a more powerful means for flexible memory selection in dynamic hybrid search situations. Experiment 1 revealed that, indeed, semantic characteristics (i.e., object category), but not perceptual features (e.g., arbitrary color), can provide a firm basis for flexible memory partitioning. Experiments 2 and 3 further showed that such memory partitioning is costless and is independent of the nature of the surrounding visual distractors (i.e., a categorically homogeneous or heterogeneous display). These findings demonstrate that confining one's memory search to a currently relevant subset of items is highly effective when the different memory subsets are defined by clear semantic categories. The results underscore the importance of conceptual information in the organization of activated long-term memory and in forming the basis for a flexible trial-by-trial memory selection. Our findings further highlight the relationship between visual search and memory search, and they may shed light on the processes contributing to a successful construction of bounded episodes in long-term memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gesture size affects numerical estimates in quantifier comprehension. 手势大小会影响量词理解中的数字估计。

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001372

Alexandra Lorson,Vinicius Macuch-Silva,Christopher Hart,Bodo Winter

{"title":"Gesture size affects numerical estimates in quantifier comprehension.","authors":"Alexandra Lorson,Vinicius Macuch-Silva,Christopher Hart,Bodo Winter","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001372","url":null,"abstract":"People think and talk about numerical magnitude in terms of space, and co-speech gestures reflect this, with English speakers using expansive gestures when talking about greater quantities. Existing gestural research on the spatial conceptualization of number has largely looked at gesture production, but we do not know whether gestures can influence the interpretation of imprecise or underspecified numerical expressions such as quantifiers. Looking at the quantifier several as a test case, this study investigates the influence of manual inwards-directed (i.e., hands move closer the torso) and outwards-directed (i.e., hands move away from the torso) co-speech gestures on comprehenders' conceptualization of quantities associated with several through three preregistered experiments. Our results suggest that gesture modulates the interpretation of several such that speakers moving their hands outwards and thereby creating space between their hands lead to higher quantity estimates, compared to speakers not gesturing, or moving their hands inwards. We discuss the implications of our findings for future work in numerical cognition, multimodal communication, and pragmatics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A continuous aggregated accumulation model of recognition judgments. 识别判断的连续聚合积累模型。

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001379

Mengxue Kang,Neha Sinha,Melchi M Michel,Rhea Khandelwal,Brian Wang,Muzzammil Ahmed,Arnold L Glass

{"title":"A continuous aggregated accumulation model of recognition judgments.","authors":"Mengxue Kang,Neha Sinha,Melchi M Michel,Rhea Khandelwal,Brian Wang,Muzzammil Ahmed,Arnold L Glass","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001379","url":null,"abstract":"In recognition, remember-responses are understood to be based on recollection, and know-responses are understood to be based on familiarity. Two kinds of models have been proposed for the process by which recognition decisions are made. In single-process models, familiarity and recollection are integrated, and there is a single criterion for recognition. In dual-process models, familiarity and recollection are segregated, and there are separate criteria for remember and know-judgments. Recent process models can account for the distribution of remember and know-responses (under a range of different assumptions) but do not address the time course of the recognition process. Paradoxical findings, indicating that familiarity is available faster than recollection but remember-responses are on average faster than know-responses, cannot be convincingly explained by any existing dual-process model. We propose a new model that resolves this paradox by analyzing in detail the time course of recollection and familiarity. Know-responses based on the high familiarity of the test item are faster than remember-responses based on recollection. However, low-familiarity, low-recollection responses are slow and are also categorized by participants as know-responses. Hence, the average know-response time is slower than average remember-response time because know-responses include both fast high-familiarity responses and slow low-familiarity, low-recollection responses. A 12-parameter quantitative model that describes the relationship among the effects of confidence, accuracy, and remember and know categorization on accuracy and reaction time provided the best fit between expected reaction time and observed reaction time among the models tested. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0