Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition最新文献

Finding words in a sea of text: Word search as a measure of sensitivity to statistical regularities in reading. 在文本的海洋中寻找单词：单词搜索作为对阅读统计规律敏感性的测量。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001412

Erin S Isbilen, Abigail Laver, Noam Siegelman, James S Magnuson, Richard N Aslin

{"title":"Finding words in a sea of text: Word search as a measure of sensitivity to statistical regularities in reading.","authors":"Erin S Isbilen, Abigail Laver, Noam Siegelman, James S Magnuson, Richard N Aslin","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001412","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001412","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical learning (SL) is hypothesized to play a fundamental role in reading, yet the correlations between reading and SL are largely mixed. This inconsistency may result from the fact that most SL studies train participants to learn novel, nonlinguistic visual regularities, which overlooks two important factors: (a) SL performance varies across domains, and (b) most SL studies utilize tasks with short exposure phases with a limited set of novel structured stimuli. Rather than exposing participants to novel statistics, we explored how prior learning of the statistical regularities inherent in natural texts predicts individual differences in reading. We developed a novel measure of long-term orthographic SL by assessing participants' ability to chunk letter information based on its statistical properties. Adults were prompted to find high- and low-frequency English words (derived from written-language corpora) when a single target word was embedded in an array of background distractors comprising letters that do not form words. Performance on this task was compared against three established measures of component skills of reading: lexical decision, orthographic awareness, and spelling recognition. Participants were faster and more accurate at identifying high-frequency words, replicating classic psycholinguistic results. Performance was also impacted by semantic diversity-the variation of the semantic contexts a word appears in-independent of frequency. Critically, word search performance significantly predicted each reading subtest, suggesting that the task draws upon key reading-related skills. Sensitivity to orthographic statistical structure may serve as a crucial foundation that drives individual differences in reading, consistent with SL-based accounts of language. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1507-1528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phrase frequency does not modulate transposed-word effects in the visual and auditory modalities. 短语频率不调节视觉和听觉模态中的转位词效应。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001436

Sophie Dufour, Jonathan Mirault, Jonathan Grainger

{"title":"Phrase frequency does not modulate transposed-word effects in the visual and auditory modalities.","authors":"Sophie Dufour, Jonathan Mirault, Jonathan Grainger","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001436","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001436","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a further examination of the influence of top-down sentence-level constraints on the transposed-word effect by manipulating a factor-phrase frequency-that directly implicates sentence-level representations. The focus was on ungrammatical transposed-word sequences, and under the assumption that top-down influences would play a role in driving transposed-word effects, we predicted that ungrammatical decisions would be harder (longer reaction times and higher error rates) when the ungrammatical transposed-word sequences were derived from high-frequency compared with low-frequency phrases. Five experiments were conducted in which participants performed a speeded grammatical decision task. The results are clear-cut. Although phrase frequency did influence grammatical decisions to grammatically correct phrases, with shorter reaction times and lower error rates for high-frequency phrases relative to low-frequency phrases (Experiment 4), ungrammatical decisions were not influenced by the frequency of the base sentences from which the transposed-word sequences were formed, neither in the auditory (Experiments 1 and 2) nor in the visual modality (Experiment 3). In Experiment 5, we show that a transposed-word effect is observed when comparing the transposed-word sequences of Experiment 3 with nontransposed control sequences. We conclude that frequency-sensitive sentence-level constraints, as measured as the frequency of occurrence of a sequence of words in corpora of spoken and written language, do not modulate transposed-word effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1497-1506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anchors and ratios to quantify and explain y-axis distortion effects in graphs. 锚点和比率量化和解释图形中的y轴扭曲效应。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001454

Shuo Zang, Denis Cousineau

{"title":"Anchors and ratios to quantify and explain y-axis distortion effects in graphs.","authors":"Shuo Zang, Denis Cousineau","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001454","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001454","url":null,"abstract":"Data visualizations are common in publications addressed to scientists and the general public. A common graph distortion effect can be obtained by changing the y-axis range. On bar graphs with lower truncated scales (the y-axis starting point is above the data origin), observers tend to perceive larger differences between the values depicted. Herein, we define anchors, information that can be perceived from a graph, to explain ratings of differences in bar graphs. Study 1 examined whether the upper y-axis truncation effect exists or not. We confirmed its existence even though the effect size is smaller compared to lower y-axis truncation effect. Study 2 examined lower and upper y-axis truncations and expansions. We found that, compared to graphs without distortions, observers perceive larger differences between values when there is truncation and smaller differences when there is expansion at either end of the y-axis. Study 3 examined whether the effects of lower and upper y-axis distortions are also present on reversed bar graphs. We found that the black bars biased observers more when they are truncated, as it reduces their area. Finally, Study 4 examined the impact of y-axis distortions on bar graphs, dot graphs, and line graphs. We found that a plot not showing bars results in less biased judgments in the presence of truncation and similar biases for lower and upper truncation. We discuss the results of other relevant research using these anchors and argue that characterizing graphs using the anchors proposed herein can be generalized to other data visualizations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1430-1452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memorability effects emerge in incidental visual working memory. 记忆效应出现在附带视觉工作记忆中。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001447

Joyce Tam, Taryn Green, Ryan E O'Donnell, Brad Wyble

{"title":"Memorability effects emerge in incidental visual working memory.","authors":"Joyce Tam, Taryn Green, Ryan E O'Donnell, Brad Wyble","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001447","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001447","url":null,"abstract":"Memorability denotes a stimulus-intrinsic property that results in stimuli being more likely to be remembered or forgotten. The effect is generally consistent across observers and can be measured in various stimuli such as faces and scene images. Long-term memory paradigms have been used to measure memorability with studies demonstrating long-term memorability effects via incidental and intentional encoding mechanisms. The present study examines whether memorability modulates the ability to unexpectedly report an image at short intervals. Three sets of experiments (using faces and scenes) with replications used an attribute amnesia paradigm to measure the effect of memorability on incidental visual working memory processes while controlling attentional priorities. When participants had to identify the target image in the immediate trial unexpectedly, we observed that memorable targets yielded a higher accuracy compared to forgettable targets, showing that people incidentally remember more information about memorable stimuli even across very short intervals. This memorability benefit was observed for both stimulus types but was greater for faces compared to scenes. Moreover, follow-up experiments suggested this memorability effect was not due to enhanced attentional capture by the high-memorability item or differences in target-foil contrast. Thus, memorability modulates incidental memory even without the need to retrieve from long-term memory. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms behind memorability effects and how attentional filters impact memory traces. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1376-1391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High in numeracy, high in reflection, but still irrationally biased: How gist explains risky choices. 计算能力强，反思能力强，但仍有非理性偏见：主旨如何解释风险选择。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001441

Valerie F Reyna, Jordan E Roue, Sarah M Edelson, Aadya Singh, M G Fennema

{"title":"High in numeracy, high in reflection, but still irrationally biased: How gist explains risky choices.","authors":"Valerie F Reyna, Jordan E Roue, Sarah M Edelson, Aadya Singh, M G Fennema","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001441","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001441","url":null,"abstract":"Framing effects (risk preferences reverse for gains vs. losses) and the Allais paradox (risk preferences reverse when an option is certain vs. not) are major violations of rational choice theory. In contrast to typical samples, certified public accountants who are competent in working with probabilities and expected values should be an ideal test case for rational choice, especially high scorers on the cognitive reflection test (CRT). Although dual-process theories emphasize numeracy and cognitive reflection, fuzzy-trace theory emphasizes gist-based intuition to explain these effects among cognitively advanced decision-makers. Thus, we recruited a high-numeracy sample of certified public accountants (N = 259) and students (N = 648). We administered classic dread-disease framing, business framing, and Allais paradox problems and the CRT. Each participant received a gain and loss framing problem from different domains (one disease and one business), with presentation order counterbalanced across participants. Order of Allais problems was counterbalanced within participants. Within-participants (cross-domain) framing, between-participants (within-domain) framing, and the Allais paradox were observed for both samples. Accountants did not show domain-specific attenuation (differentially smaller framing) for business problems. Despite large expected-value differences between Allais problem options, accountants' choices resembled students' choices. Contrary to dual-process theories, CRT scores were positively related to framing for students (more framing with higher CRT) and inconsistently related for accountants, but high scorers had robust framing effects; high scorers also showed the Allais paradox. Results are consistent with fuzzy-trace theory's expectation that experts show framing effects because they rely primarily on gist-based intuition, not because they lack numeracy or cognitive reflection. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1453-1470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Warm and fuzzy: Perceptual semantics can be activated even during shallow lexical processing. 温暖和模糊：即使在浅词汇加工过程中，感知语义也可以被激活。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001429

Olesia Platonova, Alex Miklashevsky

{"title":"Warm and fuzzy: Perceptual semantics can be activated even during shallow lexical processing.","authors":"Olesia Platonova, Alex Miklashevsky","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001429","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001429","url":null,"abstract":"According to the embodied cognition view, activation of perceptual semantics (such as visual information for the words \"white\" or \"red\" or tactile information for the words \"warm\" or \"fuzzy\") should occur even in a relatively shallow lexical decision task. While some studies found this activation, other studies did not. We argue that minimizing the time gap between the stimuli is crucial for detecting the activation of perceptual semantics in this task. Furthermore, we suggest that modalities should be analyzed separately due to their possible qualitative differences. We designed two experiments addressing these points in Russian (Experiment 1) and German (Experiment 2) languages. We selected visual, tactile, and auditory adjectives (e.g., \"white,\" \"warm,\" and \"loud,\" respectively) and assessed lexical decision times for two stimuli at once (e.g., \"white + fuzzy\"), thus eliminating the time gap between the two stimuli. Our analysis accounted for word length, frequency, and shallow lexical associations between presented words. Overall, the results of both experiments demonstrated that perceptual semantics is indeed activated even during shallow lexical processing, such as in the lexical decision task. Importantly, in line with our predictions, the effect of perceptual semantics was not identical across all modalities. More specifically, there was a consistent advantage for processing visual semantics and a consistent disadvantage for processing haptic semantics. Thus, the exact combination of semantic modalities modulates the activation of modality information. Our results strongly support the embodied view of language semantics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1471-1496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disrupted orientation after path integration by absence of anticipated prevalent spatial views. 由于缺乏预期的普遍空间视图，路径整合后方向中断。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001439

Yue Chen, Weimin Mou

{"title":"Disrupted orientation after path integration by absence of anticipated prevalent spatial views.","authors":"Yue Chen, Weimin Mou","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001439","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001439","url":null,"abstract":"Two previous studies indicated that removing expected landmarks disrupts homing, a new phenomenon concerning the interplay between path integration and landmark-based navigation. This study systematically investigated when this disruption occurs, which spatial representations are disrupted, and whether lessening landmark prevalence mitigates this disruption. In immersive virtual environments, against three landmarks, participants learned the location of a home object (Experiments 2 and 3), plus two additional objects (Experiment 1), or plus four additional objects (Experiments 4 and 5). They then navigated an outbound path originating from the home object. After participants' views were blocked, landmarks were revealed for nine standard paths/trials but removed in a subsequent catch trial, except in Experiment 3 where a curtain kept landmarks concealed. In Experiment 5, landmarks were rotated instead of being removed in the second catch trial. Participants replaced the home object in standard trials but all objects in catch trials. Baseline trials, which were identical to the catch trials except for no landmarks throughout the trials, followed catch trials. The results showed larger homing errors in first catch trials than baseline trials when landmarks were removed (Experiment 2) but not when the curtain concealed the landmarks (Experiment 3). For experiments with multiple objects, participants' represented position and heading were calculated based on the replaced and correct locations. Experiment 1 showed disrupted homing and heading estimates but intact position estimates, while Experiments 4 and 5 showed no disruption. Additionally, participants followed rotated landmarks in Experiment 5. These findings provide a comprehensive picture of the interplay between path integration and landmarks in familiar environments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1412-1429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How inflexible is the attentional bias toward recently selected locations? 对最近选择的地点的注意力偏向有多不灵活？

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001452

Daniel Toledano, Dominique Lamy

{"title":"How inflexible is the attentional bias toward recently selected locations?","authors":"Daniel Toledano, Dominique Lamy","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001452","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001452","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is strongly biased toward the location where a previous target was recently found. This priming-of-location (PoL) effect is taken to indicate that selecting an object automatically and proactively enhances the attentional priority at its location. This account predicts that PoL should be unaffected by changes in task context. Here, we tested this prediction. In Experiments 1 and 2, we manipulated task context by interleaving search trials (2/3) where participants searched for a shape target, search-probe trials where they reported letters briefly superimposed on the search display after a short delay, and probe trials where only the to-be-reported letters appeared. We measured PoL on probe reports when the task context repeated (search → search-probe sequences) and when it changed (search → probe sequences). We found PoL to be insensitive to task changes, indicating that attention is proactively guided to previously selected locations by default, even in variable task environments. We then examined whether expectations about the upcoming task modulate PoL by inverting the task probabilities (2/3 probe trials and 1/3 search trials) in Experiment 3 and by informing participants with 100% validity as to what their next task would be, in Experiment 4. We found PoL to decline sharply as the expectation of a task change increased. We conclude that PoL is proactive but flexible. We discuss two possible mechanisms to explain these findings: proactive attenuation and proactive retrieval, both of which entail that priorities from previous selections are reduced as a by-product of participants' reconfiguring their task set. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1363-1375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Separate storage mechanisms of absolute depth and relative depth in working memory: Encoding, maintenance, consolidation, and attention engagements. 工作记忆中绝对深度和相对深度的分离存储机制：编码、维持、巩固和注意参与。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001444

Kaiyue Wang, Wenting Lin, Xiaoyu Wang, Jiehui Qian

{"title":"Separate storage mechanisms of absolute depth and relative depth in working memory: Encoding, maintenance, consolidation, and attention engagements.","authors":"Kaiyue Wang, Wenting Lin, Xiaoyu Wang, Jiehui Qian","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001444","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001444","url":null,"abstract":"Most research on visual working memory (WM) focuses on 2D objects and spatial locations; however, the storage mechanism of depth information-another important dimension in a 3D environment-remains largely unknown. The present study conducted seven experiments to systematically investigate how absolute depth (metric distance) and relative depth (ordinal relations among depth planes) are encoded, maintained, and consolidated in WM. In Experiments 1a and 1b, we found that memory accuracy for relative depth was higher than that for absolute depth, and verbal WM seemed to be automatically involved in encoding relative depth in the form of numerals even though memory stimuli were presented visually, and verbal suppression was applied. Experiments 2a and 2b showed memory for fine absolute depth information gradually declined over time, while memory for coarse depth information and relative depth showed no temporal decay. By manipulating the stimuli-mask onset latency, Experiment 3a revealed that memory for absolute depth remained to be fragile across retention, while Experiment 3b showed that relative depth information could be consolidated into robust memory. By inserting an additional visual search task into the memory task, Experiment 4 showed that attention was required for the maintenance of absolute depth information, while relative depth memory involved minimal attention engagement. These findings indicate separate storage mechanisms for the two types of depth information: Absolute depth, especially fine information, is poorly maintained in a fragile visual store, whereas relative depth, which is encoded coarsely, involves both a robust verbal store and a visual store. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1392-1411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proactive control adaptation in stroop tasks reflects adjustments in the strength of distractor suppression. 部队任务中的主动控制适应反映了干扰物抑制强度的调整。

IF 2.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001520

Paul Kelber, Rolf Ulrich, Ian Grant Mackenzie, Martin Georg Jeschke, Victor Mittelstädt

{"title":"Proactive control adaptation in stroop tasks reflects adjustments in the strength of distractor suppression.","authors":"Paul Kelber, Rolf Ulrich, Ian Grant Mackenzie, Martin Georg Jeschke, Victor Mittelstädt","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001520","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict tasks often yield smaller mean congruency effects when relevant (target) and irrelevant (distractor) information is mostly incongruent rather than mostly congruent. While this proportion congruency effect may reflect proactive control adaptation, only a few previous studies have provided convincing evidence for proactive control adaptation when ruling out contingency learning and reactive (item-specific) control adaptation. In this study, we present further evidence for proactive control adaptation (as reflected in proportion congruency effects and asymmetrical list-shifting effects in contingency-controlled diagnostic items) across three experiments (each N = 100 participants) using manual counting Stroop tasks (Experiment 1: number words as distractors; Experiment 2: Arabic numerals as distractors; Experiment 3: number words and Arabic numerals as inducer and diagnostic items or vice versa). To better understand the processes underlying proactive control adaptation, we conducted fine-grained distributional analyses (delta functions) and model-based analyses (diffusion model for conflict tasks). These analyses suggest that proactive control adaptation in manual counting Stroop tasks mainly reflects adjustments in the strength of distractor suppression rather than in the timing of distractor suppression, the strength of target amplification, or response caution. Additional distributional and diffusion model reanalyses of the data by Spinelli and Lupker (2023, Experiments 1-3) revealed a similar pattern in vocal color Stroop tasks. In conclusion, the present study provides new evidence for proactive control adaptation in manual counting Stroop tasks and indicates that proactive control adaptation mainly reflects adjustments in the strength of distractor suppression in both manual and vocal Stroop tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0