Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition最新文献

Marking prosodic prominence for voice assistant and human addressees. 为语音助手和人类受话人标注前音突出度

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001396

Eleonora Beier, Michelle Cohn, Timothy Trammel, Fernanda Ferreira, Georgia Zellou

{"title":"Marking prosodic prominence for voice assistant and human addressees.","authors":"Eleonora Beier, Michelle Cohn, Timothy Trammel, Fernanda Ferreira, Georgia Zellou","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001396","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001396","url":null,"abstract":"Prosodic prominence (realized with phonetic features such as increased intensity, duration, and pitch, among others) is thought to guide listeners' attention by focusing new information. This study investigates production and perception of prosodic prominence toward two types of addressees: a human and a voice assistant interlocutor. We examine how the language system adapts to this increasingly common technology, by testing whether prosodic prominence is subject to audience design when addressing an interlocutor that is consistently rated as having less communicative ability. Stimuli consisted of question-answer pairs, where California English speakers read identical sentences (e.g., \"Jude saw the sun\") in response to interlocutors' questions probing different foci (e.g., \"Who saw the sun?\"). Experiment 1 reveals consistent acoustic adjustments to mark focus on either the subject or the object of a sentence. In Experiment 2, we find that listeners reliably infer the intended information structure based on these acoustic adjustments. Across both experiments, we see no consistent difference in focus marking by type of interlocutor (human vs. voice assistant). Nonetheless, listeners associate particular features (slower speech rate) with speech directed at voice assistants. Taken together, our findings suggest that while speakers apply communicative strategies from human-human interaction when addressing voice assistants, listeners expect a device-specific register. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"986-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Syntax drives default language selection in bilingual connected speech production. 语法驱动双语连贯语音生成中的默认语言选择

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001405

Jessie Quinn, Matthew Goldrick, Catherine Arnett, Victor S Ferreira, Tamar H Gollan

{"title":"Syntax drives default language selection in bilingual connected speech production.","authors":"Jessie Quinn, Matthew Goldrick, Catherine Arnett, Victor S Ferreira, Tamar H Gollan","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001405","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001405","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the role of syntactic processing in driving bilingual language selection. In two experiments, 120 English-dominant Spanish-English bilinguals read aloud 18 paragraphs with language switches. In Experiment 1a, each paragraph included eight switch words on function targets (four that repeated in every paragraph), and Experiment 1b was a replication with eight additional switches on content words in each paragraph. Both experiments had three conditions: (a) normal, (b) noun-swapped (in which nouns within consecutive sentences were swapped), and (c) random (in which words in each sentence were reordered randomly). In both experiments bilinguals produced intrusion errors, automatically translating language switch words by mistake, especially on function words (e.g., saying the day and stay awake instead of the day y stay awake). Intrusion rates did not vary across experiments even though switch rate was doubled in Experiment 1b relative to Experiment 1a. Bilinguals produced the most intrusions in normal paragraphs, slightly but significantly fewer intrusions in noun-swapped paragraphs, and a dramatic drop in intrusion rates in the random condition, even though the random condition elicited the most within-language errors. Bilinguals also demonstrated a common signature of inhibitory control in the form of reversed language dominance effects, which did not vary significantly across paragraph types. Finally, intrusions increased with switch word predictability (surprisal), but significant differences between conditions remained when controlling for predictability. These results demonstrate that bilingual language selection is driven by syntactic processing, which operates independently from other language control mechanisms, such as inhibition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"968-985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of instructed and experienced uncertainty on attentional priority. 指令性和经验性不确定性对注意力优先级的影响。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001427

Julie Y L Chow, Kelly G Garner, Daniel Pearson, James Heber, Mike E Le Pelley

{"title":"Effects of instructed and experienced uncertainty on attentional priority.","authors":"Julie Y L Chow, Kelly G Garner, Daniel Pearson, James Heber, Mike E Le Pelley","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001427","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001427","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has demonstrated that attentional prioritization is shaped by prior experience of reward uncertainty: Attention is more likely to be captured by a stimulus associated with a variable (uncertain) reward than a stimulus that provides diagnostic information about available reward. This finding is noteworthy, because it runs counter to the principle that cognition is motivated to reduce uncertainty and hence surprise. Here we investigated whether this pattern of uncertainty-modulated attentional capture (UMAC) reflects a process of attention for learning, wherein uncertainty-related stimuli are prioritized in an attempt to learn about their true predictive status. To address this, we examined the distinct impact of two information sources that modulate potential for learning: explicit instruction versus ongoing experience of prediction error in reward feedback. Experiment 1 demonstrated that providing explicit instructions-and hence negating the need for further learning-did not reduce the magnitude of the UMAC effect, indicating that UMAC does not reflect attention for learning as a strategic approach for determining the task state. On the other hand, Experiment 2 showed that instructions alone were insufficient to generate a UMAC effect in the absence of reward feedback, suggesting that the impact of uncertainty on rapid attentional prioritization is driven by direct experience of prediction error. Taken together, these findings point to two possibilities: UMAC may reflect attention for learning operating at an implicit level or may evince an attentional system that is configured for rapid detection of sources of experienced uncertainty so that subsequent behavior can be tailored appropriately. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"869-880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in recent practices in research and publishing: A view from the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 最近研究和出版实践的变化：来自《实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆和认知》的观点。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001487

Aaron S Benjamin, Runhan Yang, Belgin Ünal

引用次数: 0

Modulations of response activation contribute to block-wide control: Evidence from proportion congruency effects in the prime-probe task. 反应激活的调节有助于全块控制：素色探究任务中比例一致性效应的证据。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001404

Daniel H Weissman, James R Schmidt, Giacomo Spinelli

{"title":"Modulations of response activation contribute to block-wide control: Evidence from proportion congruency effects in the prime-probe task.","authors":"Daniel H Weissman, James R Schmidt, Giacomo Spinelli","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001404","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001404","url":null,"abstract":"Distractor-related congruency effects are smaller in blocks of mostly incongruent (vs. mostly congruent) trials. It remains unclear, though, how control processes produce this proportion congruency effect (PCE). The attentional shift account posits that experiencing conflict more frequently in mostly incongruent (vs. mostly congruent) blocks biases control processes to shift attention away from the distractor. The response modulation account posits that, if participants identify the distractor before the target, control processes use the distractor's identity to prepare a congruent response in mostly congruent blocks and/or an incongruent response in mostly incongruent blocks. We conducted four experiments (N = 192) to investigate whether a modulation of response activation contributes to the PCE in the prime-probe task. We observed a larger PCE when the prime/distractor appeared 166 ms before (vs. simultaneously with) the probe/target (Experiment 1) and a PCE without an overall congruency effect at a longer, 933-ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA; Experiment 2). Critically, the latter PCE was associated with a negative congruency effect in mostly incongruent blocks, consistent with a modulation of response activation but not a shift of attention. Finally, in a modified prime-probe task, wherein participants respond to each stimulus before the next one appears (1,133 ms SOA), we observed analogous PCEs and negative congruency effects (Experiment 3) and a PCE-like effect in response force just before the probe appeared (Experiment 4). These findings indicate an independent contribution of control processes that modulate response activation to the PCE at long prime-probe SOAs, which extends beyond minimizing distraction from irrelevant stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"881-909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations supporting items gained and maintained across recall tests. 通过回忆测试获得并保持支持项目的关联。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001409

Lynn J Lohnas

{"title":"Associations supporting items gained and maintained across recall tests.","authors":"Lynn J Lohnas","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001409","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001409","url":null,"abstract":"When performing successive recall tests without restudy, subjects' recalls exhibit intriguing variability across tests, including gaining or losing items across tests. To examine the cognitive mechanisms underlying this variability, research has focused primarily on hypermnesia, the finding that recall performance increases across tests (Erdelyi & Becker, 1974). Hypermnesia studies commonly consider conditions that impact recall levels of items gained across tests versus items maintained across tests. By contrast, analyses of recall clustering in hypermnesia studies typically collapse across maintained items and item gains. Here, I examine associative processes separately for item gains and maintained items. Experiment 1 examines these effects in final free recall, a paradigm also used to examine changes in recall across tests but less commonly linked with hypermnesia, whereas Experiment 2 uses a classic hypermnesia design. In both experiments, subjects exhibited significant temporal and semantic clustering for maintained items, but there was less evidence of these associations supporting item gains. In Experiment 1, transitions to maintained items boasted a greater proportion of same-list transitions than item gains, and in Experiment 2, there were no significant clustering effects to item gains on a test producing hypermnesia. Further, in Experiment 1, subjects exhibiting greater list-level temporal clustering of maintained items also maintained more items across tests. The results highlight the importance of episodic and semantic associations to changes in recall across tests and have implications for current theories of hypermnesia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"928-953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping the reliability multiverse of contextual cuing. 绘制语境提示的可靠性多元宇宙图。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001410

Miguel A Vadillo, Simone Malejka, David R Shanks

{"title":"Mapping the reliability multiverse of contextual cuing.","authors":"Miguel A Vadillo, Simone Malejka, David R Shanks","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001410","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001410","url":null,"abstract":"Cronbach (1957) famously noted the divergence between the experimental and psychometric traditions in psychology and called for a unification, but many domains of cognitive experimental psychology continue to pay minimal heed to basic psychometric principles. The present article considers the lack of attention devoted to the reliability of measures extracted in a popular visual search task for studying putatively unconscious mental processes, contextual cuing, and the inferential fallacies that this neglect can cause. Two experiments (total N = 200) demonstrated that the reliability of contextual cuing and awareness measures can be increased by three manipulations designed to increase between-participant variability in search performance. At the same time, the data were subjected to a multiverse analysis, which found that specific data preprocessing pipelines result in more reliable estimates. Nevertheless, the reliability estimates remained too low for drawing firm conclusions from standard statistical techniques. Interpreting results from analyses based on individual differences, such as the typical low correlations between implicit and explicit measures, will be challenging so long as the underlying measures have poor reliability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"910-927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Judgments of learning (JOLs) impact item memory but not source memory: Insights into JOL reactivity using a multinomial model. 学习判断（JOL）影响项目记忆，但不影响源记忆：利用多项式模型了解 JOL 的反应性。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001176

Sarah J Myers, Matthew G Rhodes, Vanessa M Loaiza

{"title":"Judgments of learning (JOLs) impact item memory but not source memory: Insights into JOL reactivity using a multinomial model.","authors":"Sarah J Myers, Matthew G Rhodes, Vanessa M Loaiza","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001176","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001176","url":null,"abstract":"Past research has evaluated participants' understanding of their memory by soliciting judgments of learning (JOLs). Importantly, JOLs sometimes change memory for the judged material, leading to JOL reactivity. The cue-strengthening account (Soderstrom et al., 2015) and changed-goal account (Mitchum et al., 2016) propose different mechanisms that lead to JOL reactivity. In the present study, we collected measures that can provide further insight into these mechanisms. Specifically, participants studied related and unrelated word pairs in different colored fonts for a source recognition test. Across three experiments, data were analyzed using a hierarchical Bayesian model of multidimensional source memory to determine how JOLs impact item memory as well as relatedness and color source memory. In Experiment 2, we also compared the effects of making JOLs to making judgments of relatedness (JORs), and Experiment 3 examined how JOLs impact study time allocation. The results of our experiments failed to fully follow predictions of either account. Making JOLs (Experiments 1-3) and JORs (Experiment 2) strengthened item memory for related as well as unrelated pairs, the latter finding not predicted by either account. In addition, JOLs and JORs did not specifically strengthen source memory for relatedness, as the cue-strengthening account predicts, nor did JOLs change study time (Experiment 3), as suggested by the changed-goal account. In all, our results provide novel insight that enhanced item memory may be largely responsible for JOL reactivity, thus adjudicating between candidate explanations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1004-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The interactive effects of surprise and plausibility on memory. 惊喜和可信度对记忆的交互影响

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001388

Amy de Bruïne, Myrthe Vel Tromp, Arnout Koornneef, Garvin Brod, Dietsje Jolles

{"title":"The interactive effects of surprise and plausibility on memory.","authors":"Amy de Bruïne, Myrthe Vel Tromp, Arnout Koornneef, Garvin Brod, Dietsje Jolles","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001388","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001388","url":null,"abstract":"It has been demonstrated that surprising information often leads to better recall. Yet, this might not apply to information that is considered to be implausible. The present study examines how surprise and plausibility judgments relate to participants' memory for numerical statements. Participants performed an estimation task in which they were presented with an incomplete numerical fact (e.g., X out of 10 bus drivers are women) for which they were asked to provide an estimation. After being presented with an answer, they indicated how surprised they were about the answer and whether they found the answer plausible. Next, participants performed a memory test to examine the effects of surprise and plausibility on recall of the presented answers. Finally, 24-48 hr later, participants provided new estimations for the numerical statements to examine whether participants had integrated the presented answer into their knowledge representation. A U-shaped relation between surprise and memory recall was found for recall on Day 1, with unsurprising and highly surprising items being remembered better than moderately surprising items. Importantly, the relationship between surprise and recall was only found for plausible items. Next, new estimations on Day 2 indicated that unsurprising and plausible items were incorporated into participants' knowledge representation more often than surprising and implausible items. Taken together, our findings support the notion that surprise enhances memory but also show that metacognitive judgments influence this effect. Moreover, our findings revealed that enhanced recall does not necessarily mean the information is fully incorporated into participants' knowledge representation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"954-967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Domain generality in metacognitive ability: A confirmatory study across visual perception, episodic memory, and semantic memory. 元认知能力的领域共性：一项横跨视觉知觉、情景记忆和语义记忆的验证性研究。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001462

Astrid Emilie Lund, Camile Maria Costa Corrêa, Francesca Fardo, Stephen M Fleming, Micah G Allen

{"title":"Domain generality in metacognitive ability: A confirmatory study across visual perception, episodic memory, and semantic memory.","authors":"Astrid Emilie Lund, Camile Maria Costa Corrêa, Francesca Fardo, Stephen M Fleming, Micah G Allen","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001462","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognition is the ability to monitor and control one's own cognitive processes, with higher order mechanisms assessing the performance of lower level cognitive operations to determine subjective confidence. An open question is whether metacognitive capacity is domain-general, akin to a conductor overseeing various sections of an orchestra, or whether it is inherently coupled with each domain, resembling a collection of specialized musical directors for each instrument group. Previous studies attempting to address this question have suffered from methodological drawbacks, such as a lack of control over cognitive performance and low statistical power. In this confirmatory, preregistered study, we addressed this gap by testing metacognitive ability in visual perceptual, episodic memory, and semantic memory domains using a newly developed adaptive \"trivia\" task spanning judgments about nutrition and global economics. We found substantive correlations in metacognitive bias and efficiency across domains, even when controlling for cognitive ability, suggesting up to 15%-20% shared variance in metacognition across different modalities. Surprisingly, however, we found the lowest correlation in metacognition between the two semantic memory domains, despite these tasks being matched on performance and surface-level features. Our results broadly support the existence of a metacognitive \"g-factor,\" excluding several important methodological confounds, while also highlighting the importance of further research into interindividual differences in metacognitive priors which may explain the lower correlations between the different semantic memory domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0