Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of WXSH0208 Tablets in Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Influenza Infection in Adults: A Multicenter Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial.","authors":"Wenhao Cao, Weihua Su, Xinyu Song, Lingling Ma, Yongzhong Li, Haiying Yan, Jie Li, Jun Yang, Jianqing Zhao, Kuan Liu, Rong Qiu, Gang He, Fei Shi, Jinxiang Wang, Lijun Suo, Xiao Liu, Yu Zhang, Liyu Li, Hong Zhao, Tianhao Li, Gao Yi, Zhiang Huang, Shuchun Gao, Yeming Wang, Bin Cao","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>WXSH0208 is a selective inhibitor of influenza RNA polymerase subunit, demonstrating antiviral activity in preclinical studies against influenza A and B virus infections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of WXSH0208 in adult outpatients with uncomplicated influenza.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter phase 2 trial based on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design at 23 research centers in China from November 2023 to March 2024. Participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive one of the following treatments within 48 hours of symptom onset: WXSH0208 10 mg once daily for 5 days, 20 mg once daily for 5 days, 30 mg once daily for 3 days, or placebo. The primary outcome was the time to negative detection of viral load by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the intention-to-treat infected population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 240 randomized patients, 209 were included in the intention-to-treat infected analysis. The median time to negative detection of viral load was 49.3 hours in the WXSH0208 10 mg group, 48.0 hours in the 20 mg group, and 48.2 hours in the 30 mg group, as compared with 95.6 hours in the placebo group (P < .001). Time to alleviation of influenza symptoms was comparable among all groups. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 48.3% to 51.7% of WXSH0208 recipients and 58.3% of placebo recipients, with most being mild or moderate in severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WXSH0208 showed no evident safety concerns and was superior to placebo in reducing viral load in adult outpatients with uncomplicated influenza. Clinical Trials Registration. CTR20233250 (www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn).</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Humoral Antibody Responses in Older Adults after Vaccination or Infection.","authors":"Edward E Walsh, Michael Peasley, Angela Branche, Ann R Falsey","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunity to RSV is short-lived following infection. We determined if recently licensed RSV preF vaccines induce better immune responses than infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum preF binding and neutralizing antibody to RSV A and B was measured in older adults at baseline and 30 days after RSV infection or vaccination with two licensed RSV preF protein vaccines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vaccination induced higher serum preF binding antibody and neutralizing responses than RSV infection (A2 RSV: 3306 vs 1254, p<0.0001; B1 RSV: 5153 vs 2186, p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vaccination with preF protein vaccines induce better humoral immune responses than RSV infection in older adult.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of EBV genomes detected in tumors, nasopharyngeal swabs, and saliva from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.","authors":"Jingtong Liang, Cheng-Ping Wang, Yanhong Chen, Wan-Lun Hsu, Kelly J Yu, Qisheng Feng, Xiaoping Ye, Tseng-Cheng Chen, Julia Krushkal, Allan Hildesheim, Miao Xu, Zhiwei Liu","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Specific genetic variations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Because EBV sheds through saliva, it is commonly used for EBV genotyping in studies of EBV-associated diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether infection with the same EBV strains occurs across different tissues within a host, and whether EBV detected in saliva accurately represents the strain in diseased tissues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted whole-genome sequencing of EBV from paired biopsy tissues, saliva, and nasopharyngeal swabs from 33 newly diagnosed NPC patients to determine the genetic concordance of EBV strains across different tissue types within the same individual.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phylogenetic and pairwise genetic distance analysis revealed a high degree of intra-host concordance, indicating infection with the same EBV strains among different samples within the host. Multiple EBV infections were identified in 6% of saliva samples, compared to 3% in tumor tissues. Notably, NPC tumor EBV strains were consistently detected in paired saliva and swab samples. For multiple infections in saliva and nasopharyngeal swab, EBV variants of the major strain showed higher genetic concordance with the variants detected in NPC tumors than variants of the minor strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlight the genetic consistency of EBV across tumor, nasopharyngeal swab, and saliva samples, supporting the use of saliva as a reliable source for EBV sequencing and genotyping in future epidemiological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cellular Immune Responses After mRNA-1273 Vaccination in Children 6 Months to 11 Years of Age.","authors":"Christina A Rostad, James D Campbell, Grant C Paulsen, Sabine Schnyder Ghamloush, Wenqin Xu, Lingyi Zheng, M Juliana McElrath, Stephen C De Rosa, Bethany Girard, Rituparna Das, Evan J Anderson, C Buddy Creech","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) may help protect against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants that are less susceptible to neutralizing antibodies. We present CMI data after the mRNA-1273 primary series in a subset of participants aged 6 months to 11 years from the phase 2/3 KidCOVE trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>T-cell responses were assessed after 2 doses of mRNA-1273 (6 months-5 years: 25 μg; 6-11 years: 50 μg) or placebo administered 28 days apart. Magnitude, phenotype, and percentage of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein T-cell responses to pooled peptides were assessed by intracellular cytokine staining and polyfunctionality analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 68 children aged 6 months to 11 years received either the 2-dose mRNA-1273 primary series or placebo (51:17, respectively) at 28-day interval. mRNA-1273 induced S protein-specific CD4+ T-cell responses exhibiting a type 1 T helper (Th1)-biased profile at Day 43 and Day 209 compared with placebo. S-protein-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were less frequently detected in children <5 years and undetectable in those <2 years. Compared with placebo, mRNA-1273 induced higher frequencies of S-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells at Day 43; frequencies declined but remained detectable at Day 209. Correlation between Th1 CD4+ responses and neutralizing antibodies was observed across age groups following mRNA-1273 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 2-dose mRNA-1273 primary series elicited robust and durable (≥6 months) Th1-biased CD4+ T-cell responses in children aged 6 months to 11 years. CD8+ T-cell responses varied by age.Trial registration number and URL NCT04796896 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04796896).</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in commercial laboratory testing and positivity for Bordetella species in the United States, 2019 through 2023.","authors":"Cheryl J Isenhour, Lucia Pawloski, Susan Hariri, Tami H Skoff","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnostic methods for detecting infections caused by Bordetella species include culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology. As the epidemiology of pertussis continues to evolve in the United States, we aimed to assess recent trends in provider testing practices and positivity for both B. pertussis and B. parapertussis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using deidentified data from a large U.S. commercial laboratory, we identified Bordetella tests from 2019 through 2023. We described monthly trends in number of tests ordered by test type for culture, PCR (both non-panel B. pertussis and B. parapertussis tests and those included as part of a respiratory panel), and serology, as well as percent positivity for serology and PCR. We also examined orders and positivity by patient age group and geographic region of the ordering provider.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 527,206 tests, we identified 316,428 (60.1%) PCR tests, 204,480 (38.8%) serologic tests, and 5,840 (1.1%) cultures. While most PCR tests were ordered as part of a respiratory panel (83.5%), only 215 (0.08%) were positive for B. pertussis. Non-panel PCR positivity for B. pertussis was substantially higher but variable over the study period, ranging from 3% to 16%. We also observed a notable increase in B. parapertussis positivity on non-panel PCR tests in the first half of 2023.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both PCR and serology remain preferred diagnostic methods for providers. Despite their increasing popularity, B. pertussis positivity remained low for respiratory panels. Data from commercial laboratories can provide crucial insights into pertussis diagnostic trends over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eighteen Year Longitudinal Study of Uncomplicated and Complex Acute Otitis Media during the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era, 2006-2023.","authors":"Naoko Fuji, Frank N Salamone, Ravinder Kaur, Peter Bajorski, Eduardo Gonzalez, Liz Wang, Mohammad Ali, Ashley Miller, Lindsay R Grant, Adriano Arguedas, Michael Pichichero","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We analyzed the demographic and risk factors, middle ear fluid (MEF) pathogens, pneumococcus serotype distribution, and bacterial antibiotic non-susceptibility among children with uncomplicated acute otitis media (uAOM) and complex AOM (cAOM) over three timeframes: 2006-2009 (PCV7 era), 2010-2014 (early-PCV13 era), and 2015-2023 (late-PCV13 era).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1,537 children were enrolled over 18 years and prospectively followed from 6-36 months of age. Upon diagnosis of AOM, tympanocentesis was performed for MEF collection and culture. Electronic medical records were analyzed to identify uAOM and cAOM episodes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of demographic data showed that male sex, family history of AOM, and daycare attendance increased the odds of developing cAOM compared to uAOM. Streptococcus pneumoniae was less likely in cAOM, and Haemophilus influenzae more likely as compared to uAOM. AOM caused by S. pneumoniae decreased significantly in the early-PCV13 and late-PCV13 eras. This was driven by decreases in cAOM caused by PCV13 S. pneumoniae strains, especially serotype 19A. S. pneumoniae penicillin non-susceptibility was associated with cAOM and reduced in the early-PCV13 era.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The risk factors for developing cAOM compared to uAOM are similar. PCV13 significantly reduced cAOM and penicillin non-susceptibility associated with S. pneumoniae, driven by reduction in cases caused by serotype 19A. H. influenzae continued to be a dominant cause of cAOM. Although non-PCV13 S. pneumoniae serotypes emerged in the late-PCV13 era, the lower level of cAOM caused by S. pneumoniae was sustained.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction and replacement of: Commentary: Mendelian Randomization for Causal Inference.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae358","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e590"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: An Update on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus, Clade 2.3.4.4b.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e598"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case-Control Study of Cervicovaginal β/γ-Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Its Relation to Incident Cervical Precancer.","authors":"Howard D Strickler, Mykhaylo Usyk, Isam-Eldin Eltoum, Natalie Bachman, Nancy A Hessol, Lisa Flowers, Lisa Rahangdale, Jessica M Atrio, Catalina Ramirez, Howard Minkoff, Adaora A Adimora, Igho Ofotokun, Marla J Keller, Margaret Fischl, Sadeep Shrestha, Rodney Wright, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Lorraine Sanchez-Keeland, Xianhong Xie, Xiaonan Xue, Kathryn Anastos, L Stewart Massad, Joel M Palefsky, Robert D Burk","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae588","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied cervicovaginal β/γ-human papillomavirus (HPV) and their relationship to cervical precancer in women with human immunodeficiency virus; having previously reported strong positive associations of β/γ-HPV with incident head and neck cancer in the general population. Case patients (n = 124) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 or 2. Controls (n = 247) were individually matched 2:1 to case patients. Unexpectedly, multivariate analyses found strong inverse associations between β/γ-HPV and CIN-2/3 (odds ratio, 0.19 [95% confidence interval, .04-.86]; P = .03; Ptrend < .01]). This is, to our knowledge, the first study of β/γ-HPV and cervical precancer. If confirmed, a strong inverse (protective) association would be of potential clinical and biologic relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"595-599"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine as First-line Antiretroviral Treatment on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reservoir and Inflammatory Markers in Peripheral Blood.","authors":"Lucía Bailón, Maria C Puertas, Maria C García-Guerrero, Igor Moraes-Cardoso, Ester Aparicio, Yovaninna Alarcón-Soto, Angel Rivero, Elias P Rosen, Jacob D Estes, Julià Blanco, Alex Olvera, Beatriz Mothe, Javier Martinez-Picado, José Moltó","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae530","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare the effects of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) with dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) versus dolutegravir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (DTG + FTC/TAF) on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir and immune activation biomarkers in people with HIV (PWH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DUALITY was a 48-week, single-center, randomized, open-label clinical trial in ART-naive PWH, randomized (1:1) to receive ART with DTG + 3TC (2DR group) or DTG + FTC/TAF (3DR group). We measured total and intact proviral HIV-1 DNA, cell-associated RNA in CD4+ T cells, frequency of HIV-infected CD4+ T cells able to produce p24, plasma soluble inflammatory markers, and activation and exhaustion markers in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four participants (22 per study arm) were enrolled, with baseline mean (standard deviation) log10 plasma viral load (pVL) 4.4 (0.7) copies/mL and CD4+ T-cell counts of 493 (221) cells/μL. At week 48, all participants had pVL <50 copies/mL at week 48, except for 1 participant in the 2DR group who was resuppressed after treating syphilis. Changes from baseline in reservoir parameters and immune biomarkers were comparable between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>First-line ART with DTG + 3TC showed similar reductions of HIV-1 persistence parameters and immune markers as DTG + FTC/TAF, supporting DTG/3TC among preferred first-line ART options for PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"600-610"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}