Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Stratified By National-Level Characteristics: An Introduction to the 24-Country MNSSTER-V Project, 2007-2023.","authors":"Eleanor Burnett, Jazmina Umana, Palwasha Anwari, Hilda A Mujuru, Michelle J Groome, Nguyen Van Trang, Volga Iniguez, Stela Gheorghita, Gayane Sahakyan, Anvar Nazurdinov, Fausta Michael, Inacio Mandomando, Anne Marie Desormeaux, Umid Eraliev, Christabel Enweronu-Laryea, Cissy Nalunkuma, Isidore Bonkoungou, Khitam Muhsen, Christophe Luhata Lungayo, Richard Omore, David M Goldfarb, Annick Lalaina Robinson, John McCracken, Jeannine Uwimana, Kofi N'Zue, Gloria Rey-Benito, Goitom Weldegebriel, Jason M Mwenda, Umesh D Parashar, Jacqueline E Tate","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae597","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rotavirus vaccines are moderately protective against illness in settings with high compared with low mortality rates. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) evaluations may clarify our understanding of these disparities, but estimates among key subpopulations and against rare outcomes are not available in many analyses due to sample size. We combined 25 data sets from test-negative design case-control evaluations in 24 countries that enrolled children with medically attended diarrhea, laboratory-confirmed rotavirus stool testing, and documented vaccination status. We calculated rotavirus VE stratified by country-level characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children 3-59 months old with birthdates and surveillance hospital arrival dates were included; other variables were standardized as available. Children were considered vaccinated if they received ≥1 dose of rotavirus vaccine >14 days before arrival. We summarized child- and country-level characteristics, including national <5-year-old mortality rate (U5M). Following the manufacturer recommended dose schedule, complete- and partial-series adjusted VE were estimated using logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 6626 rotavirus-positive children (case patients) and 19 459 rotavirus negative children (controls). Adjusted complete-series VE was significantly higher among children from countries in the low and medium U5M stratum (74% [95% confidence interval, 64%-81%]) compared with all groups within the high U5M stratum (range, 52% [42%-60%]) to 46% [31%-57%]). Partial-series estimates were lower than complete-series estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings are consistent with the published literature, though they suggest heterogeneity in vaccine performance within broad child mortality rate levels. Our findings also highlight the importance of complete-series vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"308-315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multivalent peptide vaccine against malaria, targeting Plasmodium CSP and mosquito AgTRIO.","authors":"Yu-Min Chuang, Michel Ledizet, Martin Mattessich, Erol Fikrig","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria begins when an infected mosquito injects saliva containing Plasmodium sporozoites into the host skin. The immune response against a mosquito saliva protein, AgTRIO, reduces Plasmodium infection and can work in combination with antibody against the Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (CSP). We have now developed a chimeric peptide, PfAg, contained regions from Plasmodium falciparum CSP and AgTRIO. Mice administered PfAg generated robust humoral responses against both PfCSP and AgTRIO. Following exposure to PfCSP-expressing Plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes, PfAg-immunized inbred C57BL/6 and outbred CD-1 mice had significantly improved survival compared to control animals. These data will aid in the development of a new malaria vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artemisinin Partial Resistance Mutations in Zanzibar and Tanzania Suggest Regional Spread and African Origins, 2023.","authors":"Sean V Connelly, Julia G Muller, Mohamed Ali, Billy E Ngasala, Wahida Hassan, Bakari Mohamed, Kyaw L Thwai, Jacob M Sadler, Jacob Marglous, Abebe A Fola, Abdallah Zacharia, Shija J Shija, Safia Mohammed, Msolo C Dominick, Hamza Said, Editruda E Peter, Melic Odas, Isaack J Rutha, Mwanaidi Nwange, Karamoko Naire, Shazia Ruybal-Pesántez, Robert Verity, Rebecca Crudale, Varun Goel, Barbara B Choloi, Anders Björkman, Jeffrey A Bailey, Jessica T Lin, Jonathan J Juliano","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf431","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R), driven by Plasmodium falciparum K13 mutations, threatens malaria control. Zanzibar is vulnerable to ART-R spread but lacks recent molecular surveillance. We sequenced samples in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania collected in 2022-2024. K13 mutations (P441L, A675V) were found in 2/1440 Zanzibar participants and 6/3762 (R561H, P441L) in mainland Tanzania. K13 mutations appear to be of African origin and spreading regionally based on whole genome sequencing data. Frequent parasite importation appears to maintain partner drug mutation frequencies similar to the mainland, where artemether-lumefantrine selects for mutations favoring artesunate-amodiaquine sensitivity. Ongoing molecular surveillance remains essential to track these patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Case Detection and Covid-19-Related Disruptions on Tuberculosis In Vietnam: A Modelling Analysis.","authors":"Viet Long Bui, Romain Ragonnet, Angus E Hughes, David S Shipman, Emma S McBryde, Binh Hoa Nguyen, Hoang Nam Do, Thai Son Ha, Greg J Fox, James M Trauer","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vietnam, a high-burden tuberculosis (TB) country, experienced marked declines in TB notifications during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the impact of pandemic-related disruptions on TB case detection and transmission using a dynamic transmission model calibrated to local demographic and epidemiological observations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed an age-structured compartmental TB transmission model to estimate COVID-19's impact on TB in Vietnam. Four model assumptions reflecting reductions in detection and/or transmission were calibrated to notification data, with the best-fitting assumption used for future projections and to evaluate the effects of enhanced case detection scenarios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>COVID-19 significantly disrupted TB services in Viet Nam, resulting in an estimated 2,000 additional TB episodes (95% credible interval [CrI]: 200-5,100) and 1,100 TB-related deaths (95%CrI: 100-2,700) in 2021.By 2035, the cumulative impact of these disruptions could reach 22,000 additional TB episodes (95%CrI: 2,200-63,000) and 5,900 deaths (95%CrI: 600-16,600) by 2035. We predicted two hypothetical scenarios of enhancing TB case detection. Under the ambitious scenario, enhancing TB case detection could mitigate these potential impacts by preventing 17.8% of new TB episodes (95%CrI: 13.1%-21.9%) and 34.2% (95%CrI: 31.5%-37.0%) of TB-related deaths by 2035, compared to no enhancement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19-related disruptions have hindered TB detection in Vietnam, likely causing long-term increases in new TB episodes and deaths. However, the uncertainty around these effects is considerable. Sustained investment in diagnostics, system resilience, and patient-centric policies have the potential to achieve benefits that are substantially larger than these pandemic-related setbacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deriving Dosages for Levofloxacin Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment for Young People Exposed to Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis.","authors":"Belén P Solans, Ryo Miyakawa, Maureen Shin, Anneke C Hesseling, Yasmine White, Tiziana Masini, Avinash Kanchar, Dennis Falzon, Radojka M Savic","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading single bacterial cause of death worldwide. In 2023, approximately 400 000 people developed multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB), which complicates treatment. TB preventive treatment (TPT) is a critical strategy to prevent the progression from TB infection to TB disease among those at risk. In February 2024, based on data from 2 randomized controlled trials, levofloxacin was strongly recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a TPT option in people of all ages exposed to MDR/RR-TB. There are uncertainties about the optimal dosing of levofloxacin in children and adolescents when using dispersible and solid formulations. We used pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations to determine the best dosing strategy in people aged up to 19 years for both formulations of levofloxacin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A previously developed population pharmacokinetic model of levofloxacin in children (0.2-16.8 years) was used and applied to new WHO harmonized weight bands. Simulations were conducted using demographic data from countries with the highest incidence of RR- or MDR-TB. Two currently available levofloxacin formulations (100 mg pediatric, dispersible tablets and 250 mg solid tablets) were considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A dosing regimen by weight band was developed for levofloxacin when used as TPT in people aged 0-19 years exposed to MDR/RR-TB. Doses correspond to 8-33 mg/kg for the 100 mg dispersible tablets and 10-42 mg/kg for 250 mg solid tablets. These doses achieve adequate adult target exposure levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pragmatic, weight-band dosing strategies help simplify the administration of MDR/RR-TB TPT and have been included in WHO guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Virologic Control During Analytical Treatment Interruptions in HIV Cure Trials-a Pooled Analysis of Individual-Level Data.","authors":"Vibeke Klastrup, Jesper Damsgaard Gunst, Thomas Aagaard Rasmussen, Martin Tolstrup, Ole Schmeltz Søgaard","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf163","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Achieving antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free virologic control remains a central goal in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure research. To identify factors associated with time to detectable viremia and time to loss of virologic control, we conducted a pooled analysis of 6 interventional trials that included analytical ART interruption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We determined factors influencing time to detectable viremia (plasma HIV-RNA ≥50 copies/mL) and loss of virologic control (2 consecutive measurements of plasma HIV-RNA ≥5000 copies/mL or restart of ART) using Cox proportional hazard regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 91 included participants we found that high levels of total HIV-DNA (≥750 copies/mL) and intact proviral DNA (≥80 copies/106 CD4+ T cells) were both associated with shorter time to detectable viremia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-3.22 and HR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.08-2.58, respectively). Total HIV-DNA ≥750 copies/106 CD4+ T cells also predicted shorter time to loss of virologic control (HR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01-2.67), as did longer time (≥1 year) from HIV diagnosis to ART start (HR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.02-2.39). Having received histone deacetylase inhibitors predicted shorter time to loss of virologic control (HR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.12-4.41), while broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody treatment at ART initiation of individuals harboring 3BNC117-sensitive viruses trended towards delayed time to loss of virologic control (HR = 0.32; 95% CI, .10-1.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the positive impact of early ART and low HIV reservoirs on time to rebound among people undergoing analytical treatment interruption and provides new insight into therapeutic interventions aimed at achieving virologic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury With Montelukast.","authors":"Nicholas S Teran, Cole S Hudson, Kady Phe, Yunting Wang, Yang Zhang, Hua Chen, Masayuki Nigo, Vincent H Tam","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vancomycin ranks among the most utilized antimicrobial agents in the treatment of serious β-lactam-resistant gram-positive infections, but its use has been associated with nephrotoxicity. Reduction of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported in preclinical models with adjuvant montelukast. The purpose of the study was to ascertain if montelukast was associated with a reduction in the prevalence of vancomycin-associated AKI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study examined adult patients who received intravenous vancomycin between January 2020 and January 2024. The RIFLE criteria (risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage kidney disease) were employed in identifying cases of AKI. Additionally, a preclinical vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity model was established to provide insights into possible renal protective mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients receiving montelukast (n = 110) were compared with controls (n = 330), of which AKI was observed in 3 (2.7%) vs 35 (10.6%), respectively (P = .01). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that weight (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% CI, 1.006-1.03; P = .005) and intensive care unit admission (OR, 6.88; 95% CI, 2.96-18.8; P < .001) were independently associated with AKI, while montelukast (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, .06-.77; P = .03) and male gender were protective (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, .19-.85; P = .02). Our in vitro model also revealed that adjuvant montelukast can reduce injury to proximal tubule cells through activation of the p62/KEAP-1/HO-1 antioxidant pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that montelukast during vancomycin therapy may be protective against AKI, which may reduce patient harm and hospitalization costs. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings prospectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"191-198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Insights into Enterovirus Circulation in Europe, 2018-2023: A Multicenter Retrospective Surveillance Study.","authors":"Sten de Schrijver, Emiel Vanhulle, Anne Ingenbleek, Leonidas Alexakis, Caroline Klint Johannesen, Eeva K Broberg, Heli Harvala, Thea K Fischer, Kimberley S M Benschop","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf179","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enteroviruses (EV) cause yearly outbreaks with severe infections, particularly in young children. This study investigates EV circulation, age, and clinical presentations in Europe from 2018 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aggregated data were requested from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control National Focal Points for Surveillance and European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network. Data included detection month, specimen type, age group, and clinical presentation for the 10 most commonly reported EV types per year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight institutions (16 countries) reported 563 654 EV tests during the study period with 33 265 (5.9%) EV positive. Forty-two types were identified (n = 11 605 cases) with echovirus 30 (E30), coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6), EV-D68, E9, E11, CVB5, E18, CVB4, EV-A71, and E6 most frequently reported. E30 declined after 2018/2019, while CVA6, CVB5, E9, E11, and EV-D68 were prevalent both before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and CVB4 and E18 were prevalent after the pandemic. A shift in seasons (summer to fall) and specimen positivity (feces to respiratory) was observed. Neurological signs predominated among EV-A71, CVB4, CVB5, E6, E9, E11, E18, and E30 (30%-72%). CVB4, CVB5, E9, E11, and E18 were frequently reported among neonates (18%-32%). CVA6 was frequently associated with hand, foot and mouth disease, and EV-D68 with respiratory infections. Paralysis was reported among 22 infections, associated with 10 nonpolio types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study emphasizes the widespread circulation and severity of EV infections in Europe, as well as the (re)emergence of specific types postpandemic. Our findings highlight the need for continuous EV surveillance to monitor variation in circulation, age, and clinical presentations, including paralysis among nonpolio EV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e104-e115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Early Transmission Inhibition of New Treatment Regimens for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.","authors":"A Stoltz, R R Nathavitharana, E de Kock, V Ueckermann, P Jensen, C M Mendel, M Spigelman, E A Nardell","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most drug-resistant tuberculosis occurs due to transmission of unsuspected or ineffectively treated drug-resistant tuberculosis. The duration of treatment to stop person-to-person spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis is uncertain. We evaluated the impact of novel regimens, including BPaL (bedaquiline, 1200-mg linezolid, and pretomanid), on drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission, using the human-guinea pig (H-GP) transmission model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In experiment 1, patients initiated an optimized drug-resistant tuberculosis regimen including bedaquiline and linezolid. In experiment 2, patients initiated the BPaL regimen. We measured baseline infectivity for each cohort by exhausting ward air to one of two guinea pig exposure rooms (control group), each containing 90 guinea pigs, for 8 patient-days. Then, after 72 hours of treatment, ward air was exhausted to the second guinea pig exposure room for 8 patient-days (intervention group). The infectiousness of each cohort was compared by performing tuberculin skin tests in guinea pigs at baseline (before treatment) and 6 weeks after the exposure period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In experiment 1, before treatment, 5 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis infected 24 of 90 guinea pigs (26.7%) (control group). After treatment (72 hours after drug initiation), the same patients infected 25 of 90 guinea pigs (27.8%) (intervention group) (P > .99). In experiment 2, before treatment, 9 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis infected 40 of 90 guinea pigs (44.4%) (control group). After treatment (beginning 72 hours after drug initiation), the same patients infected 0 of 90 guinea pigs (0%) (intervention group) (P < .0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, drug-resistant tuberculosis drug regimens, including bedaquiline and standard-dose linezolid for 72 hours, did not decrease drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission. In contrast, transmission was rapidly and completely inhibited in patients treated with BPaL for 72 hours, suggesting an early and profound impact on transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall- and Temperature-Driven Emergence of Neural Angiostrongyliasis in Eastern Australia, 2020-2024.","authors":"Phoebe Rivory, Rogan Lee, Michael P Ward, Jan Šlapeta","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf173","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural angiostrongyliasis (NA), caused by rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), is an emerging zoonotic disease on Australia's east coast. The number of cases has risen since 2010. This study investigated the diagnosis, genetic diversity of A cantonensis, and spatial and temporal dynamics of canine NA (CNA). We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples from 180 clinically suspected cases (2020-2024) using AcanR3990 quantitative polymerase chain reaction, confirming infection in 93. Cases were detected around Brisbane and Sydney, with peak occurrence in 2022 (32 cases). Generalized linear modeling demonstrated that CNA occurrence depends on immediate and long-term rainfall (1- and 10- to 12-month lags) and medium-term temperature changes (5- to 7-month lags). Partial cox1 sequencing revealed Ac13 as the dominant haplotype (9/15). Comparison with an established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 50 randomly selected samples showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.66). With many cases likely remaining undiagnosed, NA poses an ongoing One Health issue in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e150-e158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}