Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Phase 3 Study Assessing Lot-to-Lot Consistency of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion Protein F3 Vaccine and Its Immune Response, Safety, and Reactogenicity When Co-administered With Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine.","authors":"Nnenna Chime, Bruno Anspach, Vishal Jain, Outi Laajalahti, Thierry Ollinger, Deborah Yaplee, Joon Hyung Kim","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae342","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A single-dose investigational respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, RSV prefusion protein F3 (RSVPreF3), was co-administered with a single-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (FLU-D-QIV) in a phase 3, randomized, controlled, multicenter study in healthy, nonpregnant women aged 18-49 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was observer-blind to evaluate the lot-to-lot consistency of RSVPreF3, and single-blind to evaluate the immune response, safety, and reactogenicity of RSVPreF3 co-administered with FLU-D-QIV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1415 participants were included in the per-protocol set. There was a robust immune response at day 31 across each of the 3 RSVPreF3 vaccine lots; adjusted geometric mean concentration ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 1.01 (.91-1.12), 0.93 (.84-1.03), and 0.92 (.83-1.02) for RSV1/RSV2, RSV1/RSV3, and RSV2/RSV3, respectively. For FLU-D-QIV co-administered with RSVPreF3, versus FLU-D-QIV alone at day 31, noninferiority was satisfied for 3 of 4 strains assessed, with the lower limit of the 95% CI for geometric mean ratio >0.67.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immunogenic consistency was demonstrated for 3 separate lots of RSVPreF3. Immunogenic noninferiority was demonstrated when comparing FLU-D-QIV administered alone, versus co-administered with RSVPreF3, for 3 strains of FLU-D-QIV. Co-administration was well tolerated, and both vaccines had clinically acceptable safety and reactogenicity profiles.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>NCT05045144; EudraCT 2021-000357-26.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e144-e153"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11793055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nipah Virus-Associated Neuropathology in African Green Monkeys During Acute Disease and Convalescence.","authors":"Kerry Goldin, Yanling Liu, Rebecca Rosenke, Jessica Prado-Smith, Meaghan Flagg, Emmie de Wit","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae300","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nipah virus is an emerging zoonotic virus that causes severe respiratory disease and meningoencephalitis. The pathophysiology of Nipah virus meningoencephalitis is poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We have collected the brains of African green monkeys during multiple Nipah virus, Bangladesh studies, resulting in 14 brains with Nipah virus-associated lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lesions seen in the brain of African green monkeys infected with Nipah virus, Bangladesh were very similar to those observed in humans with Nipah virus, Malaysia infection. We observed viral RNA and antigen within neurons and endothelial cells, within encephalitis foci and in uninflamed portions of the central nervous system (CNS). CD8+ T cells had a consistently high prevalence in CNS lesions. We developed a UNet model for quantifying and visualizing inflammation in the brain in a high-throughput and unbiased manner. While CD8+ T cells had a consistently high prevalence in CNS lesions, the model revealed that CD68+ cells were numerically the immune cell with the highest prevalence in the CNS of Nipah virus-infected animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides an in-depth analysis on Nipah virus infection in the brains of primates, and similarities between lesions in patients and the animals in our study validate this model.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"219-229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11793039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-depth Analysis of the HIV Reservoir Confirms Effectiveness and Safety of Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in a Phase 4 Randomized Controlled Switch Trial (RUMBA).","authors":"Marie-Angélique De Scheerder, Sophie Degroote, Mareva Delporte, Maja Kiselinova, Wim Trypsteen, Lara Vincke, Evelien De Smet, Bram Van Den Eeckhout, Loïc Schrooyen, Maxime Verschoore, Camilla Muccini, Sophie Vanherrewege, Els Caluwe, Stefanie De Buyser, Sarah Gerlo, Evy Blomme, Linos Vandekerckhove","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae405","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reducing the number of active compounds for lifelong human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment is of interest, especially to reduce potential long-term side effects. So far, available data assessing viral control support the robustness and safety of 2DR (2-drug regimen) antiretroviral therapy compared to 3DR. However, further in-depth investigations of the viral reservoirs are mandatory to guarantee long-term safety of these regimens regarding stable intact HIV-1 DNA copies, HIV-1 RNA transcripts, and sustained immunological control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The RUMBA study is the first prospective randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of switch from 3DR to 2DR on the viral reservoir. Participants on any stable second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based 3DR regimen with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL plasma for at least 3 months were randomized to switch to dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC, n = 89) or to switch or stay on bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF, n = 45). After 48 weeks, virological, immunological, and metabolic parameters were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We did not observe a significant difference in change over time in the mean number of intact HIV-1 DNA copies/million CD4+ T cells with DTG/3TC compared to B/F/TAF. There was no evidence in this study that switching to DTG/3TC increased the active reservoir by HIV-1 transcription. No significant changes in proinflammatory cytokines or major immune cell subsets were observed. Changes in exhaustion and activation of specific cellular subsets were small and bidirectional. Metabolic outcomes are similar between the treatment regimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms the safety of DTG/3TC compared to B/F/TAF through viral control after in-depth investigations of the intact HIV-1 reservoir, HIV-1 transcription, and inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>NCT04553081.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e91-e100"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11793038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumococcal Carriage and Disease in Adults in England, 2011-2019: The Importance of Adults as a Reservoir for Pneumococcus in Communities.","authors":"Dima El Safadi, Lisa Hitchins, Ashleigh Howard, Parvinder Aley, Jaclyn Bowman, Marta Bertran, Andrea Collins, Rachel Colin-Jones, Filora Elterish, Norman K Fry, Stephen S Gordon, Kate Gould, Jason Hinds, Emilie Horn, Angela Hyder-Wright, Rama Kandasamy, Shamez Ladhani, David Litt, Elena Mitsi, Annabel Murphy, Andrew J Pollard, Emma Plested, Sherin Pojar, Helen Ratcliffe, Maria C Robertson, Hannah Robinson, Matthew D Snape, Carla Solórzano, Merryn Voysey, Elizabeth Begier, Julie Catusse, Maria Lahuerta, Christian Theilacker, Bradford D Gessner, Karen S Tiley, Daniela M Ferreira","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae351","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pneumococcal carriage in healthy adults and its relationship to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nasal wash samples from adults without close contact with young children (Liverpool, UK), 2011-2019, were cultured, and culture-negative samples tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Pneumococcal carriage in adults 18-44 years was compared with carriage among pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-vaccinated children aged 13-48 months (nasopharyngeal swabs, Thames Valley, UK) and national IPD data, 2014-2019. Age group-specific serotype invasiveness was calculated and used with national IPD data to estimate carriage serotype distributions for ≥65 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 98 isolates (97 carriers) were identified (3 solely by PCR) from 1631 ≥18 years adults (standardized carriage prevalence 6.4%). Despite different carriage and IPD serotype distributions between adults and children, serotype invasiveness was highly correlated (R = 0.9). Serotypes 3, 37, and 8 represented a higher proportion of adult carriage than expected. Predicted carriage serotype distributions for ≥65 years aligned closest with the young adult carriage serotype distribution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nasal wash technique is highly sensitive. For some serotypes carried by adults aged ≥65 years, other adults may be an important reservoir for transmission. Age groups such as older children should also be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e17-e27"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11793058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumococcal Disease Research Across All Age Groups: Advancing Comprehensive Vaccination Strategies.","authors":"Qian-Qian Du, Wei Shi, Kai-Hu Yao","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae483","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"285-286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What We (Don't) Know About the Infectious Disease Burden Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in the United States and Canada.","authors":"Mitra Kashani, Michael Bien, Emily Mosites, Ashley A Meehan","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae363","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) and sexual and gender minority (SGM) YEH may be at increased risk for infectious diseases due to living arrangements, risk behaviors, and barriers to health care access that are dissimilar to those of housed youth and older adults experiencing homelessness. Here, we synthesize findings from 12 peer-reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2020 that enumerate YEH or SGM YEH infectious disease burden in locations across the United States or Canada. Pathogens presented in the reviewed studies were limited to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bloodborne infections (BBI). Only 3 studies enumerated infectious diseases among SGM YEH. There was a dearth of comparison data by housing status or SGM identity. We also introduce 3 publicly available surveillance datasets from the United States or Canada that quantify certain STIs, BBIs, and tuberculosis among YEH to support future analyses. Our review calls for more comprehensive YEH-centered research and surveillence to improve estimates of infectious diseases among this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rights-Based Legal Considerations for Tuberculosis Isolation Practices in Community Settings in the Postpandemic Era.","authors":"Elizabeth J Bonomo, Maunank Shah","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae479","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>State and local governments are free to enact infectious disease control laws to protect the public health but must conform those laws to right-based limitations imposed by the United States Constitution. Tuberculosis (TB) control laws that empower public health agencies and their representatives to institute restrictions on movement and activities for persons with TB have remained largely unchanged for decades and warrant review to ensure consistency with modern legal principles. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there was increased attention to the tension between nonpharmaceutical public health interventions (masking, isolation, lockdowns) intended to reduce transmission and improve community health and their potential negative consequences on learning, mental health, individual finances, and the economy at large. Increasing evidence suggests that much of TB transmission is likely to have occurred prior to diagnosis and treatment initiation, and there is limited scientific evidence for the efficacy of community-based isolation in reducing TB incidence or TB mortality; by contrast, there is evidence that treatment rapidly reduces infectiousness and that prolonged isolation may have deleterious health and financial effects for persons with TB. The postpandemic era presents an opportunity to reassess public health authorities' legal obligations in designing voluntary and involuntary isolation policies for persons with tuberculosis. In so doing, state and local governments can recalibrate the balance between respect for individual constitutional rights and achieving public health TB goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of c-Src during Listeria monocytogenes cell-to-cell spreading.","authors":"Petra McLeod, Aaron S Dhanda, Julian A Guttman","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listeria monocytogenes replicates within host cells and spreads from cell-to-cell using actin-based motility. Cell-to-cell movement of L. monocytogenes is achieved by creating actin-rich membrane protrusions (listeriopods), which generate corresponding invaginations in adjacent cells through caveolin-mediated endocytosis. We show that c-Src, a multifunctional tyrosine kinase, is enriched at invaginations and is crucial for efficient cell-to-cell spreading of the bacteria as cells expressing c-Src mutants that were either constitutively active or those that impeded the function of c-Src resulted in significantly more (or less) cell-to-cell spreading. This work demonstrates the importance of c-Src in influencing L. monocytogenes' ability to spread intercellularly.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of RSV infections in elderly patients during the 2023/2024 season in the era of nirsevimab introduction.","authors":"Amandine Caillault, Laurent Softic, Pierre Bay, Arnaud Ly, Alexandre Soulier, Giovanna Melica, Christophe Rodriguez, Nicolas de Prost, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Slim Fourati","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RSV can cause severe infections in the elderly. Nirsevimab is a novel prophylactic monoclonal antibody, widely used in infants in France during the 2023/2024 season. It may select for resistant RSV variants that, if transmitted in the community, could compromise vaccine efficacy in the elderly. In this study, we analyzed RSV full-length genomes (68% RSV-A, 32% RSV-B) from 125 patients >60y during 2023/2024 season. Genetic diversity of RSV-F was low, with no resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) detected. While no RASs were identified, ongoing monitoring is essential to prevent the emergence of resistant variants that could affect vaccine efficacy in the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"10 years of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Network (SARInet plus): accomplishments and way forward.","authors":"Marc Rondy, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Rebecca Kondor, Rakhee S Palekar, Wenqing Zhang, Andrea S Vicari","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}