Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Application of CL Detect Rapid Test for the Diagnosis of Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis.","authors":"Yueke Wang, Meixiang Zhang","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf076","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e352-e353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Seminested Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay With High Sensitivity and Robust Specificity Enables Simultaneous Detection of Human and Animal Bocaviruses.","authors":"Chutchai Piewbang, Aisyah Nikmatuz Zahro, Panida Poonsin, Jiratchaya Puenpa, Cherdpong Phupolphan, Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat, Thongchai Ngamprasertwong, Julien Claude, Porntippa Lekchareonsuk, Yong Poovorawan, Somporn Techangamsuwan","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bocaviruses (BoVs), belonging to the Parvoviridae family, pose significant challenges in detection due to their genetic diversity and cross-species transmission capabilities. Efficient and broad-spectrum detection methods are essential for understanding BoV epidemiology and addressing potential zoonotic risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for simultaneous detection of diverse BoV species across human and animal hosts. Primers were designed by analyzing 765 BoV genome sequences, targeting conserved regions spanning the NP1 to VP2 genes. Sensitivity was determined through analytical tests, and specificity was evaluated against 39 non-BoV viruses. Validation was performed using spiked biological samples, and the method was applied to 552 clinical samples from 542 hosts, encompassing a broad range of mammalian species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The assay demonstrated high sensitivity, detecting BoVs at concentrations as low as 0.2 copies/µL. Specificity tests confirmed no cross-reactivity with other viral families. Validation using 37 strains representing 29 BoV species affirmed its broad efficacy. BoVs were identified across diverse hosts, including humans, bats, canines, porcines, rodents, and felines. Additionally, novel host associations were observed, such as Panthera uncia bocaparvovirus (PuBoV) in a tiger and serval cat, canine bocavirus 2 (CBoV-2) in raccoon dogs, and feline bocaviruses (FBoV) in murid rodents. Human bocaviruses were also detected in monkey samples, indicating potential pathogen spillover.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This seminested PCR method provides a sensitive and specific tool for BoV detection, enhancing surveillance in human and animal populations. It is instrumental in monitoring zoonotic risks and emerging infectious threats, offering critical insights into BoV epidemiology and cross-species transmission dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"499-509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence to Neuronal and Glial Metabolite Abnormalities in Participants With Persistent Neuropsychiatric Symptoms After COVID-19: A Brain Proton MRS Study.","authors":"Hye Bin Yoo, Hyeong Hun Lee, Jeong Hoon Lim","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e348-e349"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Wang and Zhang: Rapid Antigen Detection Test for Diagnosis of Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis: Application of CL Detect™ Rapid Test for Active Case Detection in the Endemic Area.","authors":"Mudsser Azam, Ruchi Singh","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf077","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Fernandes.","authors":"Peter P M Harteloh, Rob van Mechelen","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae459","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eighteen-Year Longitudinal Study of Uncomplicated and Complex Acute Otitis Media During the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era, 2006-2023.","authors":"Naoko Fuji, Frank N Salamone, Ravinder Kaur, Peter Bajorski, Eduardo Gonzalez, Liz Wang, Mohammad Ali, Ashley Miller, Lindsay R Grant, Adriano Arguedas, Michael E Pichichero","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf154","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We analyzed the demographic and risk factors, middle ear fluid (MEF) pathogens, pneumococcus serotype distribution, and bacterial antibiotic nonsusceptibility among children with uncomplicated acute otitis media (uAOM) and complex acute otitis media (cAOM) over 3 timeframes: 2006-2009 (7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV7] era), 2010-2014 (early 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV13] era), and 2015-2023 (late PCV13 era).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1537 children were enrolled over 18 years and prospectively followed from 6 to 36 months of age. Upon diagnosis of AOM, tympanocentesis was performed for MEF collection and culture. Electronic medical records were analyzed to identify uAOM and cAOM episodes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of demographic data showed that male sex, family history of AOM, and daycare attendance increased the odds of developing cAOM compared to uAOM. Streptococcus pneumoniae was less likely in cAOM, and Haemophilus influenzae more likely as compared to uAOM. AOM caused by S pneumoniae decreased significantly in the early and late PCV13 eras. This was driven by decreases in cAOM caused by PCV13 S pneumoniae strains, especially serotype 19A. Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin nonsusceptibility was associated with cAOM and declined in the early PCV13 era.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The risk factors for developing cAOM compared to uAOM are similar. PCV13 significantly reduced cAOM and penicillin nonsusceptibility associated with S pneumoniae, driven by reduction in cases caused by serotype 19A. Haemophilus influenzae continued to be a dominant cause of cAOM. Although non-PCV13 S pneumoniae serotypes emerged in the late PCV13 era, the lower level of cAOM caused by S pneumoniae was sustained.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"417-429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Occult Simian T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in Japanese Macaques.","authors":"Maureen Kidiga, Megumi Murata, Poonam Grover, Hirotaka Ode, Yasumasa Iwatani, Yohei Seki, Madoka Kuramitsu, Mayumi Morimoto, Takayoshi Natsume, Akihisa Kaneko, Sakura Hayashi, Jun-Ichirou Yasunaga, Masao Matsuoka, Takuo Mizukami, Hirofumi Akari","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf120","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primate T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (PTLV-1), classified into the genus Deltaretrovirus, persists in infected primates and can lead to adult T-cell leukemia and inflammatory diseases. Unlike hepatitis viruses, it remains unclear whether PTLV-1 could cause occult infection, a rare latent infection status characterized by detectable provirus without accompanying antibody responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A longitudinal study was conducted to characterize mother-to-child transmission of simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) in Japanese macaques (JMs). Stored blood samples obtained from STLV-1-infected JM mothers and their offspring were analyzed for proviral loads, antiviral antibody titers, proviral DNA sequencing, transcriptional capability, and clonality of the infected cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One JM infant was found to be positive for proviral DNA without detectable anti-STLV-1 antibodies. The seronegative infection persisted for at least 5 years, despite positive antibody responses to other viruses that are widespread in JMs. Further analyses of the infant's blood demonstrated that (1) the provirus had no defective mutations, (2) tax messenger RNA expression could be induced by in vitro culture, and (3) substantial numbers of heterogeneous clones of STLV-1-infected cells were undergoing sequential turnover. In an additional retrospective study of a large JM cohort, 3 of 38 offspring of STLV-1-infected mothers were found to be persistently infected with STLV-1 without seroconversion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that maternal STLV-1 transmission can occasionally persist for years without seroconversion. This represents the first discovery of occult infection in the genus Deltaretrovirus.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"510-518"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong Herd Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination.","authors":"Harrell W Chesson, Lauri E Markowitz","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf121","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e189-e192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Incidence and Risk Factors of Acute Respiratory Illness Associated With COVID-19 and Influenza: Results of the SHIVERS II, III, and IV Prospective Community Cohort Study.","authors":"Q Sue Huang, Tim Wood, Nayyereh Aminisani, Amanda Kvalsvig, Michael G Baker, Nhung Nghiem, Ruth Seeds, Tineke Jennings, Lauren Jelley, Chor Ee Tan, Meaghan O'Neill, Srushti Utekar, Jemma L Geoghegan, David Winter, Nikki Turner, Tony Dowell, Michelle Balm, Cameron C Grant, Annette Nesdale, Hazel C Dobinson, Karen Daniells, Peter McIntyre, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Paul G Thomas, Richard J Webby","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf097","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and influenza are well described, comparative studies are lacking on community transmission and milder illnesses associated with COVID-19 and influenza.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is based on a prospective community cohort in Wellington, New Zealand, consisting of participants with acute respiratory illness associated with COVID-19 and influenza, as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. From 7 February to 2 October 2022, we compared the incidence, risk/protective factors, and clinical features among them.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The crude incidence of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory illness was 59 per 100 person-years (PY). The adjusted cumulative incidence for COVID-19 (77/100 PY; 95% CI, 75-80) was 4.5 times higher than for influenza (17/100 PY; 95% CI, 15-19). Among all COVID-19 cases, the proportion of children aged 0 to 17 years with COVID-19 was substantial but smaller than those of influenza (402/1229 [33%] vs 173/255 [68%], P < .0001). The highest incidence of COVID-19 was among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (109/100 PY; 95% CI, 97-119) and individuals who were European and other ethnicity (83/100 PY; 95% CI, 80-86), whereas the highest influenza incidence was among children aged 1 to 4 years (49/100 PY; 95% CI, 40-58) and Māori (35/100 PY; 95% CI, 28-43). Adolescents aged 12 to 17 years had 2.5-times higher peak COVID-19 incidence (5.9/100) than adults aged ≥18 years (2.4/100). Adolescents with 2 doses of the COVID-19 vaccines had 75% greater risk of COVID-19 infection (hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.40-2.20) as compared with adults with 3 doses. Vaccination, age, ethnicity, and household size were independent protective/risk factors for COVID-19 or influenza. Participants with COVID-19, as compared with influenza, were less likely to access health care or experience febrile and severe illnesses but more likely to report sore throat, headache, myalgia, and taste or smell loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As the world transitions to COVID-19 endemicity, estimating disease burdens in community settings becomes important to understand complete disease pyramids, risk factors, and clinical progression for informing countermeasures.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"450-464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Susceptibility to Acute Viral Bronchiolitis.","authors":"Anu Pasanen, Minna K Karjalainen, Matti Korppi, Mikko Hallman, Mika Rämet","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae467","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute viral bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant hospitalizations worldwide. Childhood bronchiolitis is considered a risk factor for asthma, suggesting shared genetic factors and biological pathways. Genetic risk loci may provide new insights into disease pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a genome-wide association study to examine the genetic contributions to bronchiolitis susceptibility in the FinnGen project data. We analyzed 1465 infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis who were <2 years of age and 356 404 individuals without a history of acute lower respiratory infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genome-wide association study identified associations (P < 5 × 10-8) for variants in gasdermin B (GSDMB) and a missense variant in cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3). Children with bronchiolitis in infancy were more likely to develop asthma later in life as compared with controls. The 2 associated loci were previously linked to asthma and susceptibility to wheezing illness by causative agents other than respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The identified loci were associated with overall bronchiolitis, with larger effects in non-RSV than RSV-induced infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that genetic variants in CDHR3 and GSDMB modulate susceptibility to bronchiolitis, especially when caused by viruses other than RSV. Severe bronchiolitis in infancy may trigger the development of asthma in genetically susceptible individuals, or it could be a marker of genetic predisposition to asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e193-e202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}