Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Reply to Denina et al.","authors":"Cihan Papan, Semjon Sidorov, Beat Greiter, Nina Bühler, Christoph Berger, Sören L Becker, Patrick M Meyer Sauteur","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae561","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"542-543"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The iciHHV-6 Sense: Sensing the Source and Relevance of Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) DNA in the Transplant Recipient With Inherited Chromosomally Integrated HHV-6.","authors":"Madeleine R Heldman, Alexander L Greninger, Joshua A Hill","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae269","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e263-e266"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Cytotoxic Cell Function and Risk of Acute 14-Day Mortality in Persons with Advanced HIV and Cryptococcal Meningitis.","authors":"Elizabeth C Okafor, Liliane Mukaremera, Kathy H Hullsiek, Nicole Engen, Lillian Tugume, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Abdu K Musubire, Edwin Nuwagira, Edward Mpoza, Darlisha A Williams, Conrad Muzoora, Joshua Rhein, David B Meya, Kirsten Nielsen, David R Boulware","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae421","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of the immune response in acute mortality of cryptococcal meningitis remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 337 Ugandans with first-episode cryptococcal meningitis was collected. CSF cytokines and chemokines were quantified and compared by 14-day survival, stratification by quartiles, and logistical regression to determine association with acute mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-four (24.9%) participants died by day 14. Persons who survived to day 14 had higher levels of proinflammatory macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3β and interferon (IFN)-β and cytotoxicity-associated granzyme B and inteferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10 compared to those who died (P < .05 for each). Logistic regression analysis revealed that per 2-fold increase in proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3β, and IFN-β and cytotoxicity-associated IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, granzyme-B, and IP-10 CSF concentrations, the risk of acute 14-day mortality decreased. Similar biomarkers were implicated when stratified by quartiles and further identified that lower concentrations of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-13 were associated with 14-day mortality (P < .05 for each).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Proinflammatory and cytotoxicity-associated cytokine and chemokine responses in the CSF decrease the risk of acute 14-day mortality. These data suggest that a cytotoxic immune environment in the CSF could potentially improve acute survival. Further research on cytotoxic cells is crucial to improve understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses in cryptococcal meningitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"521-531"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Olle et al.","authors":"Brendan J Kelly, Jennie H Kwon, Michael H Woodworth","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae576","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"545"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Prevent Rubella Epidemics and Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Lessons From 42 Years of Longitudinal Epidemiology in Osaka Prefecture, Japan (1982-2023).","authors":"Daiki Kanbayashi, Takako Kurata, Yuko Kaida, Tatsuya Miyoshi, Fumika Okayama, Tetsuo Kase, Jun Komano, Kazuo Takahashi, Kazuyoshi Ikuta, Kazushi Motomura","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae402","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the introduction of rubella-containing vaccine into routine immunization in 1977, rubella has not been eliminated in Japan. This study aimed to validate the immunization strategy and highlight crucial elements of the elimination program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We scrutinized cases of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Additionally, we analyzed the national vaccination coverage, seroprevalence, and number of maternal rubella-related spontaneous or artificial fetal deaths.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The shift from selective to universal immunization significantly reduced rubella cases, coupled with increased seroprevalence in children. However, rubella resurged in 2012 to 2013 and 2018 to 2019, which was virologically and serologically confirmed to be associated with imported rubella virus and susceptible males. Although the disease burden of CRS may have been suppressed in the past by the large number of spontaneous or artificial fetal deaths, the incidence rate of CRS was comparable to that of the 1960s to 1980s. Cases of breakthrough infection and CRS were identified in females who were considered to have a history of single-dose vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even with universal immunization, future epidemics and severe outcomes cannot be prevented unless immunization gaps are closed. Furthermore, CRS and breakthrough infection are not completely prevented by single-dose vaccination, indicating the need for second-dose vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"440-450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is Associated With Altered Composition of Maternal Microchimeric T Cells in Infants.","authors":"Blair Armistead, M Quinn Peters, John Houck, Marc Carlson, Christina Balle, Nolawit Mulugeta, Clive M Gray, Heather B Jaspan, Whitney E Harrington","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae521","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human immunodeficiency virus-exposed but uninfected infants (iHEU) display altered immunity and are at increased risk of infection. We previously reported that iHEU have decreased maternal microchimerism (MMc)-maternal cells transferred to the offspring in utero/during breastfeeding. We quantified MMc in T-cell subpopulations in iHEU and HIV-unexposed infants (iHU) to determine whether a selective deficiency in MMc contributes to altered cellular immunity. Across all infants, MMc levels were highest in CD8+ T cells; however, the level of CD8+ T-cell MMc was lower in iHEU versus iHU. In limited functional studies, we did not identify cytomegalovirus-specific MMc during infant primary infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"435-439"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Associated With Increased Experimental Pneumococcal Carriage but Reduced Conjugate Vaccine Efficacy in a Human Challenge Model.","authors":"Bridgette Galafa, Tarsizio Chikaonda, Evaristar Kudowa, Simon Sichone, Lusako Sibale, Faith Thole, Christopher Mkandawire, Dingase Dula, Edna Nsomba, Godwin Tembo, Mphatso Chaponda, Anthony E Chirwa, Vitumbiko Nkhoma, Clara Ngoliwa, Raphael Kamng'ona, Neema Toto, Lumbani Makhaza, Alfred Muyaya, Ashleigh Howard, Tinashe K Nyazika, John Ndaferankhande, Lorensio Chimgoneko, Ndaziona P K Banda, Gift Chiwala, Jamie Rylance, Daniela Ferreira, Kondwani C Jambo, Ben Morton, Marc Y R Henrion, Stephen B Gordon","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae341","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Malawi, the national 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) demonstrated less herd immunity than in the United States, likely due to higher natural pneumococcal carriage rates. We assessed PCV13 efficacy against experimental pneumococcal carriage in healthy Malawian adults. We explored how natural carriage (pneumococcal carriage of any serotype apart from 6B) influenced experimental carriage rates and vaccine efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy adults aged 18 to 40 years were randomly assigned to PCV13 (n = 98) or saline (n = 106), followed by intranasal SPN 6B inoculation at 20 000 (n = 40), 80 000 (n = 74), or 160 000 (n = 90) colony-forming units/100 µL at 28 days postvaccination. We evaluated natural and experimental pneumococcal carriage before and after vaccination on days 2, 7, and 14 postinoculation using culture and multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the lytA/cpsA genes, and we compared carriage rates by vaccination status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 204 participants, 19.6% (n = 40) exhibited experimental carriage detected by culture and 25.5% (n = 52) by qPCR. Vaccinated individuals had lower experimental carriage rates (10.2%, n = 10/98) than the placebo group (28.3%, 30/106). This difference in vaccine efficacy was more pronounced in participants without natural carriage (PCV13, 8%, 6/75; placebo, 25.9%, 21/81) vs those with natural carriage (PCV13, 14.8%, 4/27; placebo, 26.5%, 9/34). According to a log-binomial model, vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 62%, whether assessed by culture or qPCR. Natural carriers had lower VE (52%) vs participants with no natural carriage (69%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have shown that the PCV13 VE estimate (62%) is robust whether carriage is assessed by culture or qPCR. PCV13 had lower VE in natural carriers when compared with those without natural carriage at the inoculation visit.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"334-343"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivation of a Transplant Recipient's Inherited Human Herpesvirus 6 and Implications to the Graft.","authors":"Leo Hannolainen, Lari Pyöriä, Diogo Pratas, Jouko Lohi, Sandra Skuja, Santa Rasa-Dzelzkaleja, Modra Murovska, Klaus Hedman, Timo Jahnukainen, Maria Fernanda Perdomo","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae268","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The implications of inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 (iciHHV-6) in solid organ transplantation remain uncertain. Although this trait has been linked to unfavorable clinical outcomes, an association between viral reactivation and complications has only been conclusively established in a few cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used hybrid capture sequencing for in-depth analysis of the viral sequences reconstructed from sequential liver biopsies. Moreover, we investigated viral replication through in situ hybridization (U38-U94 genes), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (U89/U90 genes), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. We also performed whole transcriptome sequencing to profile the host immune response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We report a case of reactivation of a recipient's iciHHV-6B and subsequent infection of the graft. Using a novel approach integrating the analysis of viral and mitochondrial DNAs, we located the iciHHV-6B intragraft. We demonstrated active replication via the emergence of viral minor variants, in addition to positive viral messenger RNAs and antigen stainings in tissue sections. Furthermore, we detected significant upregulation of antiviral immune responses, arguing against immunotolerance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analysis underscores the potential pathological impact of iciHHV-6B, emphasizing the need for monitoring reactivation in transplant recipients. Most crucially, it highlights the critical role that the host's virome can play in shaping the outcome of transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e267-e276"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Epidemiology of Mycobacterium abscessus on the Island of Montréal Is Not Suggestive of Health Care-Associated Person-to-Person Transmission.","authors":"Idowu B Olawoye, Nicholas Waglechner, Fiona McIntosh, Pierre-Marie Akochy, Nancy Cloutier, Simon Grandjean Lapierre, Bouchra Tannir, Christina Greenaway, Elias Matouk, Louise Poirier, Roger C Levesque, Brian Boyle, Caroline Quach, Hafid Soualhine, Jane Batt, Marcel A Behr, Robyn S Lee, Jennifer L Guthrie","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae407","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC), an opportunistic nontuberculous mycobacteria, can lead to poor clinical outcomes in pulmonary infections. Conflicting data exist on person-to-person transmission of MABC within and across health care facilities. To investigate further, a comprehensive retrospective study across 5 health care institutions on the Island of Montréal was undertaken.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the genomes of 221 MABC isolates obtained from 115 individuals (2010-2018) to identify possible links. Genetic similarity, defined as ≤25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), was investigated through a blinded epidemiological inquiry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioinformatics analyses identified 28 sequence types, including globally observed dominant circulating clones (DCCs). Further analysis revealed 210 isolate pairs within the SNP threshold. Among these pairs, there was 1 possible laboratory contamination where isolates from different patients processed in the same laboratory differed by only 2 SNPs. There were 37 isolate pairs from patients who had provided specimens from the same hospital; however, epidemiological analysis found no evidence of health care-associated person-to-person transmission between these patients. Additionally, pangenome analysis showed higher discriminatory power than core genome analysis for examining genomic similarity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Genomics alone is insufficient to establish MABC transmission, particularly considering the genetic similarity and wide distribution of DCCs, although pangenome analysis has the potential to add further insight. Our findings indicate that MABC infections in Montréal are unlikely attributable to health care-associated person-to-person transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e396-e406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Infection With IsrRAPXV: A Novel Zoonotic Bat-Derived Poxvirus.","authors":"Yael Paran, Dan David, Nir Rudoler, Merav Ingbir, Nardeen Khoury, Ora Halutz, Ronen Ben-Ami, Asaf Berkowitz, Asaf Sol","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae427","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bats are recognized as the natural reservoir of several zoonotic viruses that pose a threat to public health worldwide. In our recent reports, we describe the identification of a novel poxvirus, IsrRAPXV, in Egyptian fruit bats. This poxvirus is associated with high morbidity and mortality in bats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, we describe the identification of a poxvirus in a female patient hospitalized with systemic symptoms and severe painful skin lesions on her hands. We performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction, whole genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis to identify and characterize this poxvirus as the etiologic agent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient interacted with wounded and sick bats as a volunteer in a bat shelter run by an Israel bat sanctuary organization. Samples collected from the patient's skin lesions were positive for the presence of IsrRAPXV by polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis showed that this virus is identical to IsrRAPXV, originally described by us as the causative agent of skin lesions in fruit bats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our finding suggest that IsrRAPXV is zoonotic; therefore, veterinarians and volunteers working in bat shelters should meticulously follow the guidelines of working with bats and use required personal protective equipment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"495-500"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}