Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E only seen in baseline parasitemic and not baseline aparasitemic Plasmodium falciparum-exposed, drug-treated Kenyan adults.","authors":"Nathanial K Copeland, Lucas Otieno, June Doryne Otieno, Solomon Otieno, Salome Chira, Karen Ivinson, Irene Onyango, Ruth Wasuna, Hoseah Akala, Amos Onditi, Peter Sifuna, Ben Andagalu, Roselyne Oyugi, Mary Omondi, Stellah Amoit, Emily Locke, Scott Gregory, Elke S Bergmann-Leitner, Hema Pindolia, Mike Raine, Chris Gast, Laina D Mercer, John J Aponte, Marc Lievens, Christian F Ockenhouse, Cynthia K Lee","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>RTS,S/AS01 vaccine efficacy (VE) was previously shown as lower in African adults than in malaria-naïve US adults, potentially due to concurrent Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infections. We investigated whether treatment of infection prior to vaccination would lead to improved VE and immunogenicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Phase 2b study in Kenyan adults evaluated the efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E in conjunction with antimalarial chemopreventive drugs. Participants, grouped by baseline presence or absence of Pf infections, were randomized to receive RTS,S/AS01E or rabies vaccine. Four groups received antimalarial drugs prior to immunization and were followed for six months to assess Pf infection. We included an additional group not treated with antimalarial drugs for immunological assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VE (RTS,S/AS01E versus rabies vaccine) was 34.8% (8.9%, 53.4%) and -24.0% (-97%, 22.4%) in baseline Pf-positive and Pf-negative participants, respectively. In RTS,S/AS01E recipients, there were no statistical differences in anti-circumsporozoite (CS) antibody titers in baseline Pf-positive or Pf-negative participants, or in susceptibility to infection during the post-vaccination follow-up period. Drug treatment did not improve anti-CS antibody titers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treating Pf infections during vaccination does not result in increased VE. Anti-CS antibody responses to vaccination do not differ with baseline Pf infection status, drug treatment, or susceptibility to Pf infections.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT04661579; PACTR202006896481432.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell targeted transcriptomics reveals subset-specific immune signatures differentiating asymptomatic and cardiac patients with chronic Chagas disease.","authors":"Thaiany G Souza-Silva, Amanda Figueiredo, Katia L P Morais, Juliana Apostólico, Alexandre Pantaleao, Antônio Mutarelli, Silvana Silva Araújo, Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes, Kenneth J Gollob, Walderez O Dutra","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi leads to Chagas disease that induces profound changes in the immune response across different cell subsets, influencing parasite control and disease pathology. Dissecting the functional characteristics of distinct immune cells in patients with the asymptomatic (indeterminate - IND) or with the cardiac (CCC) clinical forms is crucial for unveiling mechanisms of disease progression and pathology and identifying disease markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, immune-gene targeted single-cell RNA sequencing was applied to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from IND and CCC patients to unravel the immune landscape in this polar, well-characterized, clinical groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed different myeloid and lymphoid cell clusters in both cohorts, each exhibiting unique gene expression patterns. CCC was characterized by an increased frequency of KLRB1+CD4+, TBX21+CD8+ T cells, and NK cells, which exhibited upregulation of genes associated with cytotoxic and apoptotic responses. Furthermore, we observed monocyte, B cell subsets, along with dendritic cells, expressing inflammatory and notably cytotoxic genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results reveal cell-specific changes in CCC compared to IND chronic Chagas disease patients, highlighted by distinct gene expression patterns. These nuanced changes indicate immune signature linked to the clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease, which provide information regarding disease pathology, indicating potential markers related to the disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Relative Effectiveness and Waning of a Third Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 Years and Older during the BA.1/BA.2 Omicron Period.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Integrity Under Threat: The Role of the IDSA, PIDS, and SHEA Journals in an Evolving Political Landscape.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between the Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Profiles in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.","authors":"Rachel MacCann, Junhui Li, Alejandro Abner Garcia Leon, Riya Negi, Dana Alalwan, Willard Tinago, Padraig McGettrick, Aoife G Cotter, Alan Landay, Caroline Sabin, Paul W O'Toole, Patrick W G Mallon","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf043","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation and innate immune activation are associated with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite effective treatment. Although gut microbiota alterations are linked to systemic inflammation, their relationship with HIV infection the relationships between the gut microbiome, inflammation, and HIV remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The HIV UPBEAT Coronary Artery Disease sub-study evaluated cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with and without HIV. Subclinical CVD was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Thirty-four biomarkers were measured using quantitative immunoassays. Stool samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing. Differentially abundant species were identified by analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction (ANCOM-BC) and correlated to biomarkers, diet, and CCTA outcomes using Spearman correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 81 participants (median age, 51 years; 73% male), people with HIV (n = 44) had higher rates of hypercholesterolemia (P < .025). Gut microbiome β-diversity differed significantly by HIV status. Enriched Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Megamonas hypermegale, and Selenomonas ruminantium correlated with lower plaque burden, while depleted Ruminococcus bromii correlated with higher plaque burden and fat intake. Depleted Bacteroides spp and Alistepes spp correlated with elevated biomarkers (D-dimer, CD40 ligand, C-reactive protein, and interferon-γ).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gut microbiota differences in people with HIV were linked to subclinical CVD, diet, and inflammation, highlighting the microbiome's role in cardiovascular risk in HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e781-e791"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological Insights into Lassa Virus-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction in Mice: Histopathological Analysis of the Inner Ear Vestibular Apparatus.","authors":"Tomoharu Suzuki, Marina Hosotani Saito, Nantian Lin, Atsushi Tamura, Nadezhda Yun, Takaaki Koma, Junki Maruyama, Slobodan Paessler, Tomoko Makishima","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae516","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lassa fever (LF), caused by Lassa virus (LASV) infection, typically leads to mild symptoms in humans, but some survivors experience audiovestibular problems. Here we present vestibular histopathological insights in our LF model mice. We observed (1) hemorrhage within the vestibular ganglion and stroma beneath the sensory epithelium, (2) preserved hair cells and supporting cells, (3) LASV antigen presence in the vestibular ganglion cells and the stroma beneath the sensory epithelium, and (4) CD3-positive T-lymphocyte infiltration in the vestibular ganglion and the stroma underlying the sensory epithelium. LASV and/or its immune response likely contributes to the pathogenesis of vestibular dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1074-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HVTN 123: A Phase 1, Randomized Trial Comparing Safety and Immunogenicity of CH505TF gp120 Produced by Stably and Transiently Transfected Cell Lines.","authors":"Gregory J Wilson, L W Preston Church, Colleen F Kelley, Samuel T Robinson, Yiwen Lu, Briana D Furch, Youyi Fong, Carmen A Paez, Margaret Yacovone, Thomas Jacobsen, Maureen Maughan, Diana Martik, Jack R Heptinstall, Lu Zhang, David C Montefiori, Georgia D Tomaras, James G Kublin, Lawrence Corey","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae558","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Utilizing transiently transfected cell lines could significantly reduce manufacturing timelines for protein subunit vaccines. This trial compared safety and immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope CH505TF gp120 vaccines produced by upstream stable and transient transfection (each admixed with GLA-SE adjuvant, a TL4 agonist). Both vaccines were safe and well tolerated. Serum IgG binding antibody response rates 2 weeks after final injection were 92% in the stable group and 93% in the transient group (P = 1.000). Neutralization response rates against CH505.w4.3 were also equivalent (92% vs 100%, P = .291). These data support transient transfection as an available tool for accelerating HIV vaccine testing and iteration. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03856996.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e764-e769"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Assessment of Initial Adaptation of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Positive ST131 Escherichia coli to Carbapenem Exposure.","authors":"William C Shropshire, Xinhao Song, Jordan Bremer, Seokju Seo, Susana Rodriguez, Selvalakshmi Selvaraj Anand, An Q Dinh, Micah M Bhatti, Anna Konovalova, Cesar A Arias, Awdhesh Kalia, Yousif Shamoo, Samuel A Shelburne","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae587","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It remains unclear how high-risk Escherichia coli lineages, like sequence type (ST) 131, initially adapt to carbapenem exposure in their progression to carbapenem resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Carbapenem mutation frequency was measured in multiple subclades of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive ST131 clinical isolates using a fluctuation assay followed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) characterization. Genomic, transcriptomic, and porin analyses of the ST131 C2/H30Rx isolate MB1860, under prolonged, increasing carbapenem exposure was performed using 2 experimental evolutionary platforms to measure fast versus slow adaptation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 13 ESBL-positive ST131 strains selected from a diverse (n = 184) ST131 bacteremia cohort had detectable ertapenem (ETP) mutational frequencies, with a positive correlation between initial ESBL gene copy number and mutation frequency (r = 0.87, P < 1e-5). WGS analysis of mutants showed that initial response to ETP exposure resulted in significant increases in ESBL gene copy numbers or mutations in Omp genes in the absence of ESBL gene amplification with subclade-specific associations. In both experimental evolutionary platforms, MB1860 responded to initial ETP exposure by increasing blaCTX-M-15 copy numbers via modular, IS26-mediated pseudocompound transposons (PCTns). Increased transcript level of genes present within the PCTn was a conserved expression signal in both experimental evolutionary platforms. Stable mutations in Omp encoding genes were detected only after prolonged increasing carbapenem exposure, consistent with clinical observations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ESBL gene amplification is a conserved response to initial carbapenem exposure, especially within the high-risk ST131 C2/H30Rx subclade. Targeting such amplification could assist with mitigating carbapenem resistance development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e685-e696"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Antigen Detection Test for Diagnosis of Post-kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis: Application of CL Detect Rapid Test for Active Case Detection in the Endemic Area.","authors":"Mudsser Azam, Vidya Nand R Das, V Ramesh, Tathagata Gupta, Roshan Kamal Topno, Keerti Kaumudee Dixit, Poonam Salotra, Ruchi Singh","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae497","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a skin condition that occurs in a small percentage of people who have been cured of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and it contributes to transmission of VL. The rK39 rapid test cannot decisively diagnose PKDL due to the presence of antileishmanial antibodies from past VL episodes. The CL Detect Rapid Test, an in vitro diagnostic test that detects Leishmania antigen peroxidoxin, was assessed for diagnosing PKDL. The CL Detect Rapid Test had 73.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the study. The test can be used as a primary screening tool to monitor PKDL in endemic regions and identify active Leishmania infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"993-997"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal Mucosal Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers for Assessing Disease Severity and Class of Pathogen in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.","authors":"Rouba Sayegh, Li Tang, Ki Wook Yun, Zhaohui Xu, Sarah A Marzec, Osama El-Assal, Amy L Leber, Kathy Everhart, Sara Mertz, Ankita Desai, Daniel M Cohen, Sherman J Alter, Lilliam Ambroggio, Todd A Florin, Meghan Keaton, Samir S Shah, Richard M Ruddy, Rebecca Wallihan, Asuncion Mejias, Octavio Ramilo","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae465","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Assessing disease severity and etiology remains challenging in the clinical setting. The objective of this study was to identify mucosal biomarkers that could potentially assist with patient classification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed mucosal concentrations of cytokines in nasopharyngeal samples obtained from a convenience sample of 182 children with CAP and 26 matched healthy controls. Pathogens were identified by cultures and molecular assays. Severe disease was defined by hospital stay ≥3 days and/or pediatric intensive care unit admission. Data were analyzed according to identified pathogens and disease severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with CAP and detected atypical bacteria had significantly higher concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein 2 (MCP-2), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and CXCL10, among others, compared with those with typical bacteria. Children with influenza virus had significantly higher concentrations of MCP-2, CXCL10, CXCL11, CX3CL1, and IFN-γ than those with typical bacteria. Additionally, children with severe CAP had significantly higher concentrations of CCL23 than children with mild/moderate disease, irrespective of the pathogen(s) identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified differences in mucosal concentrations of inflammatory and antiviral cytokines in children with CAP according to disease severity and detected pathogens. Mucosal biomarkers represent a promising approach to help assess disease severity and etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1031-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}