Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Tuberculous meningitis across the lifespan.","authors":"Rentia Lourens, Gabriela Singh, Tracy Arendse, Guy Thwaites, Ursula Rohlwink","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains the most lethal form of tuberculosis (TB). Despite significant physiological differences, adults, and children with TBM receive similar treatment and are often grouped together in research. Consequently, differences in TBM characteristics across the lifespan are poorly understood but may be relevant to developing more effective and age-appropriate interventions. In this review we discuss potential age-specific considerations in pathogenesis and pathophysiology, and review literature over the last 5 years to describe clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes across age groups. Children <5 years are vulnerable to TB disease and dissemination due to an immature immune system and the developing brain is highly susceptible to injury associated with neuroinflammation, leading to a greater likelihood of disability that has lifelong impact. Amongst adults, those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the elderly are at greatest risk of death, but more research into the frequency of neurocognitive disability is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and clinical insights into enterovirus circulation in Europe, 2018 - 2023: a multi-center retrospective surveillance study.","authors":"Sten de Schrijver, Emiel Vanhulle, Anne Ingenbleek, Leonidas Alexakis, Caroline Klint Johannesen, Eeva K Broberg, Heli Harvala, Thea K Fischer, Kimberley S M Benschop","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enteroviruses (EV) cause yearly outbreaks with severe infections, particularly in young children. This study investigates EV circulation, age-distribution, and clinical presentations in Europe from 2018-2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aggregated data were requested from ECDC National Focal Points for Surveillance and European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network. Data included detection month, specimen type, age-group, and clinical presentation for the ten most commonly reported EV types per year.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Twenty-eight institutions from 16 countries reported 563,654 EV-tests during the study-period with 33,265 (5.9%) EV-positive. Forty-two types were identified (n=11,605 cases) with echovirus (E)30, coxsackievirus (CV)A6, EV-D68, E9, E11, CVB5, E18, CVB4, EV-A71, and E6 most frequently reported. E30 detection declined after 2018/2019, while CVA6, CVB5, E9, E11, and EV-D68 were prevalent both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and CVB4 and E18 were prevalent after the pandemic. Over the study period, a shift in seasons (summer to fall) and specimen positivity (feces to respiratory) was observed. Neurological signs predominated among EV-A71, CVB4, CVB5, E6, E9, E11, E18, and E30 (30-72%). CVB4, CVB5, E9, E11, and E18 were also frequently reported among neonates (18-32%). CVA6 was frequently associated with HFMD, and EV-D68 with respiratory infections. Paralysis was reported among 22 infections, associated with ten non-polio types.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes the widespread circulation and severe nature of EV infections in Europe, particularly among neonates, as well as the (re-)emergence of specific types post-pandemic. Our findings highlight the need for continuous EV-surveillance to monitor variation in circulation, age, and clinical presentations, including paralysis among non-polio EV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucocorticoid Receptor Inhibits the Progression of Schistosomiasis Hepatic Fibrosis Through Inducing Circadian Clock Gene Per1.","authors":"Rui Tang, Tao Sun, Zhou Xing, XiaoBin Fan, PengYue Jiang, Bin Le, KaiWei Jia, YiLi Cai, XiaoJuan Bi, DongMei Zhang, RenYong Lin, Xing He","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatic fibrosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in schistosomiasis, and transcription factors (TF) may become potential therapeutic targets for this disease. Here, we found that a TF, NR3C1, was significantly downregulated in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the effector cell of hepatic fibrosis, from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum using RNA sequencing. Activation of NR3C1 using dexamethasone blocked HSC activation and hepatic fibrosis progression, while these effects were completely abolished upon specific deletion of NR3C1 in HSCs. Genome-wide binding site and transcriptome analyses suggested that Per1, a circadian clock gene, was under the direct control of NR3C1 through binding the glucocorticoid response elements, and it was responsible for the inhibitory effect of NR3C1 on HSC activation. Therefore, NR3C1 is a key TF in the activation of HSCs and a potential therapeutic target for hepatic schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to comments: renal protective effect of montelukast.","authors":"Cole S Hudson, Nicholas S Teran, Vincent H Tam","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall and temperature driven emergence of neural angiostrongyliasis in eastern Australia, 2020-2024.","authors":"Phoebe Rivory, Rogan Lee, Michael P Ward, Jan Šlapeta","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural angiostrongyliasis (NA), caused by rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), is an emerging zoonotic disease on Australia's east coast. The number of cases has risen since 2010. This study investigated the diagnosis, genetic diversity of A. cantonensis and spatial and temporal dynamics of canine NA (CNA). We analysed cerebrospinal fluid samples from 180 clinically suspected cases (2020-2024) using AcanR3990 qPCR, confirming infection in 93. Cases were detected around Brisbane and Sydney, with peak occurrence in 2022 (32 cases). Generalised linear modelling demonstrated that CNA occurrence depends on immediate and long-term rainfall (1 and 10-12 month lags) and medium-term temperature changes (5-7 month lags). Partial cox1 sequencing revealed Ac13 as the dominant haplotype (9/15). Comparison with an established ELISA using 50 randomly selected samples showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.66). With many cases likely remaining undiagnosed, NA poses an ongoing One Health issue in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Renal Protective Effect of Montelukast on Vancomycin due to its Anti-allergic Mechanism?","authors":"Mengjie Yang, Mi Zhou","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength and durability of RSV pre-fusion F IgG following infection and exposure in a household cohort, 2014-2022.","authors":"Kalee E Rumfelt, Casey Juntila, Matthew Smith, Amy Callear, Yangyupei Yang, Arnold S Monto, Adam S Lauring, Emily T Martin","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about the strength and durability of protection (CoP) provided by pre-F IgG after RSV infection/exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 1,019 sera from 422 individuals in 173 households, collected 365 days before and after RSV infection or exposure (2014-2022), from a longitudinal cohort with active respiratory infection surveillance. IgG against RSV pre-F was measured by electrochemiluminescence assay. We used a Cox model, adjusted for age, to assess the association between log4 pre-infection/exposure IgG and risk of RT-PCR-confirmed infection. We compared pre- to post-infection/exposure IgG geometric mean concentration (GMC) increases among cases and household contacts to identify asymptomatic infections. Generalized additive mixed models predicted IgG concentrations over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 113 confirmed RSV cases and 377 exposed household contacts. Cases had significantly lower pre-F IgG before infection (p<0.05) and significantly higher levels after infection (p<0.05). A one-unit increase in log4 pre-infection IgG decreased the risk of infection by 25% (p<0.05). Among 58 cases with pre- to post-RSV GMC increases, the mean fold increase was 1.12. Eight individuals without confirmed infections had ≥1.12 fold increases and were classified as probable asymptomatic infections. Cases had the highest IgG concentrations after infection, peaking at one month (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-F IgG is a reliable CoP for RSV infection risk. We found that RSV pre-F IgG mediated protection starts to wane 6 months after infection. Therefore, scheduling of RSV vaccination should be evaluated so individuals with the highest risk of severe disease are protected throughout RSV season.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal RSV and hMPV illnesses rates among pregnant women in Thailand and association between antenatal RSV and perinatal outcomes: A prospective cohort study.","authors":"Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Sarita Mohanty, Chonticha Klungthong, Louis Macareo, Boonsong Rawangban, Krissada Tomyabatra, Nattinee Srisantiroj, Podjanee Phadungkiatwatana, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Wiboon Kanjanapattanakul, Joshua A Mott, Lindsay Kim, Fatimah S Dawood","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We estimated RSV and hMPV illness incidences among pregnant women and examined the association between antenatal RSV illness and preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant women aged ≥18 years were followed twice weekly until the end of pregnancy to identify illness episodes with >1 of myalgia, cough, runny nose/nasal congestion, sore throat, or difficulty breathing. Mid-turbinate nasal swabs were collected and tested for RSV and hMPV by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. Incidences were calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) comparing participants with and without RSV illnesses for preterm birth (live birth before 37 weeks gestation) and SGA infant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2,764 participants, the median age was 29 years (interquartile range [IQR] 24-34) and the median enrollment gestational age was 10 weeks (IQR 7-14). Overall, 71 (3%) and 29 (1%) cases of RSV and hMPV illnesses were identified, respectively. Among these, 30 (42%) and 10 (34%), respectively, sought medical care. Incidence rates per 10,000 pregnant woman-months were 57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 44-72) for RSV and 23 (95% CI 16-33) for hMPV illnesses. Antenatal RSV illness in the third trimester conferred an increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted HR [aHR] 2.50, 95% CI 1.04-6.00) but not having an SGA infant (aHR 0.79, 95% CI 0.29 to 2.16).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Antenatal RSV illness was associated with some adverse antenatal outcomes. Pregnant women had a 0.4-0.7% risk of RSV illness per pregnancy month, of which one third resulted in medical visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial and viral co-infections in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 throughout the pandemic: A Multinational Cohort Study in the EuCARE Project.","authors":"Pontus Hedberg, Karol Serwin, Maria Francesca Greco, Joana P V Pereira, Dovile Juozapaite, Sara De Benedittis, Francesca Bai, Nadine Lübke, Tobias Wienemann, Iuri Fanti, Florian König, Nico Pfeifer, Rolf Kaiser, Maurizio Zazzi, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Daniel Naumovas, Giulia Marchetti, Milosz Parczewski, Björn-Erik Ole Jensen, Francesca Incardona, Anders Sönnerborg, Pontus Nauclér","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited evidence exists on how the occurrence of bacterial and viral co-infections have developed since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged. We investigated whether the occurrence of community-onset co-infections in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 differed during the Wild type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron periods, and whether such co-infections were associated with an increased risk of mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multinational cohort study including COVID-19 hospitalizations until 30 April 2023 in five European countries. The outcome was bacterial and viral co-infections, based on five different test modalities. Variant periods were compared with regards to occurrences of co-infections and risk ratios for co-infections (Omicron versus pre-Omicron), as well as association with in-hospital mortality (Omicron versus pre-Omicron).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 29,564 patients were included: 12,601 Wild type, 5,256 Alpha, 2,433 Delta, and 9,274 Omicron. The co-infection rate was 2.6% (327/12,601) for Wild type, 2.0% (105/5,256) for Alpha, 3.2% (77/2,433) for Delta, and 7.9% (737/9,274) for Omicron. Patients with Omicron had a significantly increased risk ratio of co-infection compared with preceding variants (1.88 [95% CI 1.53-2.32], P<0.001). These results were consistent across several subgroup analyses. An increased occurrence (19% [232/1,246] versus 11% [3,042/28,318]) and adjusted risk (1.69 [1.49-1.91], P<0.001) of in-hospital mortality was observed in patients with a verified co-infection compared with patients without a co-infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bacterial and viral co-infections were more prevalent during the Omicron period compared with preceding variants. Such co-infections were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, calling for sustained monitoring and clinical vigilance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lenacapavir Plus Two Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies, Teropavimab and Zinlirvimab, for People With HIV-1 Highly Susceptible to Either Teropavimab or Zinlirvimab.","authors":"Joseph J Eron, Paul P Cook, Megha L Mehrotra, Hailin Huang, Marina Caskey, Gordon E Crofoot, Linda Gorgos, Laurie A VanderVeen, Yanan Zheng, Sean E Collins, Olayemi O Osiyemi, Cynthia Brinson, Edwin DeJesus","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The combination of two broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), teropavimab and zinlirvimab, plus the capsid inhibitor lenacapavir, is a potential twice-yearly regimen for HIV-1 treatment. The level of bNAb susceptibility to maintain virologic suppression is unknown; therefore, we evaluated this combination in participants meeting stringent viral sensitivity criteria to only one of the two bNAbs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pilot study within a proof-of-concept Phase 1b study (NCT04811040).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No serious treatment-emergent adverse events occurred and 8/10 participants remained virologically suppressed at Week 26.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More inclusive bNAb susceptibility criteria may be appropriate for future studies of this combination treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}