Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Factors influencing virologic control during analytical treatment interruptions in HIV cure trials - a pooled analysis of individual level data.","authors":"Vibeke Klastrup, Jesper Damsgaard Gunst, Thomas Aagaard Rasmussen, Martin Tolstrup, Ole Schmeltz Søgaard","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Achieving antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free virologic control remains a central goal in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure research. To identify factors associated with time to detectable viremia and time to loss of virologic control, we conducted a pooled analysis of six interventional trials that included analytical ART interruption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We determined factors influencing time to detectable viremia (plasma HIV-RNA ≥50 copies/mL) and loss of virologic control (two consecutive measurements of plasma HIV-RNA ≥5,000 copies/mL or restart of ART) using cox proportional hazard regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 91 included participants we found that high levels of total HIV-DNA (≥750 copies) and intact proviral DNA (≥80 copies/106 CD4+ T cells) were both associated with shorter time to detectable viremia (HR=1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22, 3.22; HR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.58, respectively). Total HIV-DNA ≥750 copies/106 CD4+ T cells also predicted shorter time to loss of virologic control (HR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.67); as did longer time ≥1 year from HIV diagnosis to ART start (HR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.39). Having received histone deacetylase inhibitors predicted shorter time to loss of virologic control (HR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.12, 4.41), while broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody (bNAb) treatment at ART initiation of individuals harboring 3BNC117-sensitive viruses trended towards delayed time to loss of virologic control (HR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.10, 1.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the positive impact of early ART and low HIV reservoirs on time to rebound among people undergoing ATI and provides new insight into therapeutic interventions aimed at achieving virologic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Incidence of Acute Gastroenteritis and Acute Respiratory Infections Among US Military and Dependents.","authors":"Bevin Manuelpillai, Benjamin Lopman, Charlotte Doran, Chad Porter","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for COVID-19 resulted in the reduction of many viral diseases aside from SARS-CoV-2, but their impact on the US military or beneficiary population have not been assessed. Using TRICARE data (2016-2023), we modeled changes in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) encounters pre- and post-pandemic. In 2020, AGE and ARI encounters decreased substantially (RR = 0.50, 95% CI [0.31, 0.80]; RR = 0.60, [0.41, 0.88]). By 2022, AGE remained suppressed while ARI had rebounded. Since 2022, AGE encounters among military personnel remained reduced compared to beneficiaries. NPIs had a greater, lasting effect on AGE than ARI encounters.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Dependent Assortativeness in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Oral Transmission in the United States: A Mathematical Modeling Analysis.","authors":"Hassan Hachem, Houssein H Ayoub, Laith J Abu-Raddad","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly infectious, globally prevalent lifelong infection. Despite advancements in understanding its epidemiology, the assortativeness in the age-dependent transmission patterns remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate the degree of assortativeness in age group mixing for oral-to-oral HSV-1 transmission within the United States (U.S.) population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An age-structured mathematical model was employed to describe HSV-1 transmission dynamics in the population, incorporating its different modes of transmission. The model was fitted to nationally representative HSV-1 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) spanning 1976-2016 using a Bayesian inference framework. The degree of assortativeness in age group mixing was calibrated on a scale from 0 (no age group bias in close-proximity interactions) to 1 (exclusive mixing within the same age group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model demonstrated robust fits to U.S. demographics, age-specific HSV-1 prevalence, and temporal trends in both HSV-1 prevalence and ever-symptomatic HSV-1 genital herpes prevalence. The degree of assortativeness was estimated as 0.87 (95% CI: 0.64-0.99) for children, indicating strong age-based assortativity, and as 0.04 (95% CI: 0.004-0.10) for adults, indicating weak age-based assortativity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most HSV-1 infections among children are acquired from peers within their own age group, whereas adults acquire HSV-1 infections from a broad range of age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artemether-Lumefantrine treatment selects Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) increased copy number among African malaria infections.","authors":"Claudia Fançony, Elsa Fortes-Gabriel, Félix Zage, Evangelia Alexiou, Ioanna Broumou, Leyre Pernaute-Lau, Jorge Panzo, Esperança J António, Mario S Cristovão, José M Domingos, Estevão Sassoma, Fernando Kuatoko, Edite V N Rosario, António Martins, Anna Färnert, Luis Bernardino, Tais N de Sousa, José Pedro Gil","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decreased efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine, the globally most used antimalarial, has recently emerged in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An efficacy trial based on directly observed artemether-lumefantrine therapy at Bengo, Northern Angola. 100 Plasmodium falciparum uncomplicated malaria patients (2-10 year-old) were enrolled, hospitalized for the treatment period, and followed up for 42 days. PCR correction was performed with pfmsp1/2 + glurp, with analysis considering 2 or 3 coincident markers. Infections were tested by qPCR for pfmdr1 copy number (pfmdr1xN), a potential Plasmodium falciparum marker of lumefantrine resistance previously identified in the region. In-vitro clone mixtures were built and used to determine the relation between qPCR copy number scores and actual intra-infection quantitative fractions of pfmdr1xN.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a significant post-treatment selection of gene amplification, suggesting a role in the parasite in vivo response to this drug. pfmdr1x2 qPCR scores of 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 were determined to correspond to 15%, 25% and 35% intra-infection rates. Patients carrying infections with a score ≥1.4 at baseline were linked to decreased AL day 42 efficacy (79% vs 97% single-copy pfmdr1). All infections were pfmdr1 N86 carriers and no pfk13 mutations were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests pfmdr1xN as a marker of P. falciparum in vivo response to lumefantrine in Africa, while pointing for patients carrying infections with a pre-treatment pfmdr1xN score ≥1.4 before treatment as a group experiencing decreased artemether-lumefantrine performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering Futures: Restoring T Cell Responses in Children Living with HIV.","authors":"John Patrick Toledo","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines how children with HIV recover mycobacteria-specific T cell responses after six months of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Persistent deficiencies raise concerns about tuberculosis susceptibility despite elevated Th1 CD4 T cells, emphasizing the necessity of focused treatments and continuous health empowerment in susceptible juvenile populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Infection Control Practices and Democracy Collide: Reply to Paladino and Riva.","authors":"Olivia S Kates, Petros C Karakousis","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment On: Respiratory Isolation for Tuberculosis: A Historical Perspective.","authors":"Maria Emilia Paladino, Michele Augusto Riva","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of WXSH0208 Tablets in Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Influenza Infection in Adults: A Multicenter Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial.","authors":"Wenhao Cao, Weihua Su, Xinyu Song, Lingling Ma, Yongzhong Li, Haiying Yan, Jie Li, Jun Yang, Jianqing Zhao, Kuan Liu, Rong Qiu, Gang He, Fei Shi, Jinxiang Wang, Lijun Suo, Xiao Liu, Yu Zhang, Liyu Li, Hong Zhao, Tianhao Li, Gao Yi, Zhiang Huang, Shuchun Gao, Yeming Wang, Bin Cao","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>WXSH0208 is a selective inhibitor of influenza RNA polymerase subunit, demonstrating antiviral activity in preclinical studies against influenza A and B virus infections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of WXSH0208 in adult outpatients with uncomplicated influenza.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter phase 2 trial based on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design at 23 research centers in China from November 2023 to March 2024. Participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive one of the following treatments within 48 hours of symptom onset: WXSH0208 10 mg once daily for 5 days, 20 mg once daily for 5 days, 30 mg once daily for 3 days, or placebo. The primary outcome was the time to negative detection of viral load by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the intention-to-treat infected population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 240 randomized patients, 209 were included in the intention-to-treat infected analysis. The median time to negative detection of viral load was 49.3 hours in the WXSH0208 10 mg group, 48.0 hours in the 20 mg group, and 48.2 hours in the 30 mg group, as compared with 95.6 hours in the placebo group (P < .001). Time to alleviation of influenza symptoms was comparable among all groups. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 48.3% to 51.7% of WXSH0208 recipients and 58.3% of placebo recipients, with most being mild or moderate in severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WXSH0208 showed no evident safety concerns and was superior to placebo in reducing viral load in adult outpatients with uncomplicated influenza. Clinical Trials Registration. CTR20233250 (www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn).</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Humoral Antibody Responses in Older Adults after Vaccination or Infection.","authors":"Edward E Walsh, Michael Peasley, Angela Branche, Ann R Falsey","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunity to RSV is short-lived following infection. We determined if recently licensed RSV preF vaccines induce better immune responses than infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum preF binding and neutralizing antibody to RSV A and B was measured in older adults at baseline and 30 days after RSV infection or vaccination with two licensed RSV preF protein vaccines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vaccination induced higher serum preF binding antibody and neutralizing responses than RSV infection (A2 RSV: 3306 vs 1254, p<0.0001; B1 RSV: 5153 vs 2186, p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vaccination with preF protein vaccines induce better humoral immune responses than RSV infection in older adult.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of EBV genomes detected in tumors, nasopharyngeal swabs, and saliva from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.","authors":"Jingtong Liang, Cheng-Ping Wang, Yanhong Chen, Wan-Lun Hsu, Kelly J Yu, Qisheng Feng, Xiaoping Ye, Tseng-Cheng Chen, Julia Krushkal, Allan Hildesheim, Miao Xu, Zhiwei Liu","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Specific genetic variations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Because EBV sheds through saliva, it is commonly used for EBV genotyping in studies of EBV-associated diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether infection with the same EBV strains occurs across different tissues within a host, and whether EBV detected in saliva accurately represents the strain in diseased tissues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted whole-genome sequencing of EBV from paired biopsy tissues, saliva, and nasopharyngeal swabs from 33 newly diagnosed NPC patients to determine the genetic concordance of EBV strains across different tissue types within the same individual.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phylogenetic and pairwise genetic distance analysis revealed a high degree of intra-host concordance, indicating infection with the same EBV strains among different samples within the host. Multiple EBV infections were identified in 6% of saliva samples, compared to 3% in tumor tissues. Notably, NPC tumor EBV strains were consistently detected in paired saliva and swab samples. For multiple infections in saliva and nasopharyngeal swab, EBV variants of the major strain showed higher genetic concordance with the variants detected in NPC tumors than variants of the minor strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlight the genetic consistency of EBV across tumor, nasopharyngeal swab, and saliva samples, supporting the use of saliva as a reliable source for EBV sequencing and genotyping in future epidemiological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}