Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E Only Seen in Baseline Parasitemic and Not Baseline Aparasitemic Plasmodium falciparum-Exposed, Drug-Treated Kenyan Adults.","authors":"Nathanial K Copeland, Lucas Otieno, June Doryne Otieno, Solomon Otieno, Salome Chira, Karen Ivinson, Irene Onyango, Ruth Wasuna, Hoseah Akala, Amos Onditi, Peter Sifuna, Ben Andagalu, Roselyne Oyugi, Mary Omondi, Stellah Amoit, Emily Locke, Scott Gregory, Elke S Bergmann-Leitner, Hema Pindolia, Mike Raine, Chris Gast, Laina D Mercer, John J Aponte, Marc Lievens, Christian F Ockenhouse, Cynthia K Lee","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf274","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>RTS,S/AS01 vaccine efficacy (VE) was previously shown as lower in African adults than in malaria-naive US adults, potentially due to concurrent Plasmodium falciparum infections. We investigated whether treatment of infection prior to vaccination would lead to improved VE and immunogenicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A phase 2b study in Kenyan adults evaluated the efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E in conjunction with antimalarial chemopreventive drugs. Participants, grouped by baseline presence or absence of P. falciparum infections, were randomized to receive RTS,S/AS01E or rabies vaccine. Four groups received antimalarial drugs prior to immunization and were followed for 6 months to assess P. falciparum infection. We included an additional group not treated with antimalarial drugs for immunological assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VE (RTS,S/AS01E vs rabies vaccine) was 34.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.9% to 53.4%) and -24.0% (95% CI, -97% to 22.4%) in baseline P. falciparum-positive and P. falciparum-negative participants, respectively. In RTS,S/AS01E recipients, there were no statistical differences in anticircumsporozoite (anti-CS) antibody titers in baseline P. falciparum-positive or P. falciparum-negative participants, or in susceptibility to infection during the postvaccination follow-up period. Drug treatment did not improve anti-CS antibody titers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treating P. falciparum infections during vaccination does not result in increased VE. Anti-CS antibody responses to vaccination do not differ with baseline P. falciparum infection status, drug treatment, or susceptibility to P. falciparum infections.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>NCT04661579; PACTR202006896481432.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e372-e382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Yang et al.","authors":"Cole S Hudson, Nicholas S Teran, Vincent H Tam","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf175","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e547-e548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Renal Protective Effect of Montelukast on Vancomycin due to Its Antiallergic Mechanism?","authors":"Mengjie Yang, Mi Zhou","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf174","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e545-e546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Isolation of Patients With Tuberculosis: Is the Way Forward Paved?","authors":"Daphne J Theodorou, Stavroula J Theodorou","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf143","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e537-e539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relating In Vivo Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Kinetics to Host Infectiousness in Different Age Groups.","authors":"Ke Li, Louis J Bont, Daniel M Weinberger, Virginia E Pitzer","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf138","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a major public health concern for pediatric populations and older adults. Viral kinetics, the dynamic processes of viral infection within an individual over time, vary across populations. However, RSV transmission in different age groups is incompletely understood from the perspective of individual-level viral kinetics. Using a mathematical model and a hierarchical bayesian framework, we analyzed viral kinetics in 53 individuals from different age groups to estimate infection parameters and linked within-host viral load to transmission probability through a probabilistic model. We found that children had higher peak viral loads and longer shedding periods as compared with other age groups, suggesting a higher transmission probability over the infectious period. We validated our findings by comparing the estimated secondary attack rate across age groups with empirical estimates from household transmission studies. Our work highlights the importance of age-specific considerations in understanding and managing RSV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"691-699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B-Cell Subset Representation Predicts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Response in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.","authors":"James J Knox, Ingi Lee, Emily A Blumberg, Aaron M Rosenfeld, Wenzhao Meng, Fang Liu, Charlotte Kearns, Una O'Doherty, Abraham Shaked, Kim M Olthoff, Eline T Luning Prak","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf250","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) suffer increased morbidity and mortality due, in part, to chronic immunosuppression. The determination of an individual's immune competence is currently difficult but would improve risk assessment and inform medical decisions. We reasoned that correlating qualitative and quantitative measures of the B-cell compartment with serologic responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination would reveal novel B-cell-based predictors of immune competence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an integrated analysis of B-cell phenotypes, serology, and antibody repertoires in heart, lung, liver, kidney, and multiorgan transplant recipients and healthcare worker (HCW) controls (62 individuals total). We utilized K-means clustering and correlation analyses to identify B-cell features that correlated with vaccine serology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>K-means clustering identified 3 distinct B-cell compartment-based groups in SOTRs, which correlated with serum responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Group 1 SOTRs had a naive-dominant circulating B-cell pool and serologic responses closest to HCWs. Group 2 SOTRs had reduced naive but hyperexpanded memory B cells (MBCs) and variable vaccine responses that segregated by immunosuppression. Group 3 SOTRs had lymphopenia across B-cell subsets and poor serologic responses. Antibody repertoire analysis showed reduced clonal diversity across SOTRs, regardless of MBC numbers. Even in SOTRs with the largest immune responses, vaccine-specific B cells showed evidence of reduced maturation and clonal diversity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings reveal a hierarchy of B-cell impairment in SOTRs that can be measured rapidly, with implications for immune monitoring and intervention in immunocompromised individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e466-e475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Associated With Tuberculosis Infection Among Household Contacts of Patients With Microbiologically Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis in 3 High Tuberculosis Burden Countries.","authors":"Thobani Ntshiqa, Jeniffer Nagudi, Yohhei Hamada, Andrew Copas, Stacie Stender, Issa Sabi, Elias Nyanda Ntinginya, Julieth Lalashowi, Manthomeng Matete, Keolebogile Ntshamane, Ithabeleng Morojele, Miyelani Ngobeni, Don Mudzengi, Lilian Tina Minja, Tobias Chirwa, Knut Lönnroth, Viola Dreyer, Stefan Niemann, Molebogeng Rangaka, Salome Charalambous, Kavindhran Velen","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf320","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although tuberculosis preventive therapy guidelines support testing for tuberculosis infection in household contacts (HHCs), this adds operational complexity and cost and has often been abandoned. To understand utility of testing, we determined prevalence and risk factors for tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis preventive therapy eligibility among HHCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2021 to September 2022 in Lesotho, South Africa, and Tanzania, we enrolled people with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and their HHCs. HHCs were screened and tested for tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection using Xpert Ultra and QuantiFERON-TB-Gold-Plus, respectively. Generalized linear modelling was used to determine factors associated with tuberculosis infection, using robust standard errors. Tuberculosis preventive therapy eligibility was determined using World Health Organization criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 342 people with pulmonary tuberculosis and 964 HHCs: 61.9% (597/964) were female with a median age of 18 years (interquartile range, 8-39 years). Overall, tuberculosis prevalence was 3.4% (25/739; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2%-4.9%), while tuberculosis infection prevalence was 48.7% (348/714; 95% CI, 45.0%-52.5%). Having tuberculosis infection increased with age per year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03), being from Lesotho (aOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.04-3.20), previous tuberculosis history (aOR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.05-4.79), and being HIV negative (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.31-4.04). Overall, 62.2% (518/833; 95% CI, 58.8%-65.5%) were eligible for tuberculosis preventive therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Almost half of tuberculosis-exposed HHCs aged ≥5 years had tuberculosis infection. Approximately two-thirds of HHCs were eligible for tuberculosis preventive therapy, implying that providing tuberculosis preventive therapy without prior testing for tuberculosis infection may be warranted in this population. Further work on cost-effectiveness is warranted when new tests become available.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>ISRCTN10003903.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e448-e458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phase 1 Study in Healthy Subjects to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Human Monoclonal Antibody (S315) Against Diphtheria Toxin.","authors":"John Z Sullivan-Bólyai, Larry B Allen, Rebecca Cannon, Kenya P Cohane, Elise Dunzo, Ronald Goldwater, Kathleen StCyr, Yang Wang, Mark S Klempner","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae499","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diphtheria is a recurrent threat with endemic still occurs in many parts of the world. The standard of care is horse serum-derived diphtheria antitoxin (eDAT), which is in critical short supply globally. S315 is a fully human, monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 neutralizing antibody, specific to the receptor-binding domain of diphtheria toxin. S315 is intended to be a safer, more readily available alternative to replace eDAT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, dose escalation study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of S315 in healthy adults. Cohorts of study subjects received single intravenous infusions of S315 (480 mg, 960 mg, 1920 mg, 3840 mg, and 7680 mg) or matched placebo. Safety was assessed by standard clinical and laboratory evaluations. Serum S315 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an in vitro diphtheria toxin neutralization assay, followed by pharmacokinetic analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-one subjects were enrolled. S315 was safe and well tolerated. Most adverse events were mild or moderate. Peak mean serum concentrations ranged from 199 µg/mL to 2872 µg/mL (ELISA) and from 234 AU/mL to 1147 AU/mL (neutralization assay), with low variability. Mean serum half-life ranged from 12 to 27 days (ELISA) and from 17 to 22 days (neutralization assay).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>S315 was generally safe and well tolerated by healthy subjects. Pharmacokinetic data suggest that S315 serum neutralizing activity is an order of magnitude greater than that attained by eDAT. The results of this study support continued development of S315 as a replacement for eDAT to address critical global supply issues. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04075175.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"534-539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering Futures: Restoring T-Cell Responses in Children Living With HIV.","authors":"John Patrick Toledo","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf160","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e540"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes Detected in Tumor, Nasopharyngeal Swab, and Saliva Samples From Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.","authors":"Jingtong Liang, Cheng-Ping Wang, Yanhong Chen, Wan-Lun Hsu, Kelly J Yu, Qisheng Feng, Xiaoping Ye, Tseng-Cheng Chen, Julia Krushkal, Allan Hildesheim, Miao Xu, Zhiwei Liu","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf135","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Specific genetic variations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been linked to nasopharyngeal (NP) carcinoma (NPC). Because EBV is shed through saliva, saliva samples are commonly used for EBV genotyping in studies of EBV-associated diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether infection with the same EBV strains occurs across different tissues within a host and whether EBV detected in saliva accurately represents the strain in diseased tissues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted whole-genome sequencing of EBV from paired biopsy tissues, saliva samples, and NP swab samples from 33 patients with newly diagnosed NPC to determine the genetic concordance of EBV strains across different tissue types within the same individual.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phylogenetic and pairwise genetic distance analysis revealed a high degree of intrahost concordance, indicating infection with the same EBV strains among different samples within the host. Multiple EBV infections were identified in 6% of saliva samples, compared with 3% in tumor tissues. Notably, NPC tumor EBV strains were consistently detected in paired saliva and swab samples. For multiple infections in saliva and NP swab samples, EBV variants of the major strain showed higher genetic concordance with the variants detected in NPC tumors than with variants of the minor strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlight the genetic consistency of EBV across tumor, NP swab, and saliva samples, supporting the use of saliva as a reliable source for EBV sequencing and genotyping in future epidemiological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"735-744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}