Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Genomic Epidemiology of Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolates at Emerging Infections Program Sites-United States, 2019-2020.","authors":"Thao L Masters, Nadege Charles Toney, Thomas O Ewing, Gillian A McAllister, Marsenia H Mathis, Cheri Grigg, Shelley S Magill, Kelly A Jackson, Rebecca Byram, Isaac See, Max Salfinger, Devra Barter, Helen Johnston, Ruth Lynfield, Paula Snippes Vagnone, Laura Tourdot, Bridget J Anderson, Ghinwa Dumyati, Rebecca Pierce, Joseph D Lutgring, Amy Gargis, Susannah L McKay","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae488","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections. Although isolation of NTM from clinical specimens has increased nationally, few studies delineated the molecular characteristics of extrapulmonary NTM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Extrapulmonary isolates were collected by 4 Emerging Infections Program sites from October 2019 to March 2020 and underwent laboratory characterization, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, Sanger DNA sequencing, and whole genome sequencing. Bioinformatics analyses were employed to identify species, sequence types (STs), antimicrobial resistance (AR), and virulence genes; isolates were further characterized by phylogenetic analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 45 isolates, the predominant species were Mycobacterium avium (n = 20, 44%), Mycobacterium chelonae (n = 7, 16%), and Mycobacterium fortuitum (n = 6, 13%). The collection represented 31 STs across 10 species; the most common ST was ST11 (M. avium, n = 7). M. fortuitum and Mycobacterium abscessus isolates harbored multiple genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, and macrolides. No known AR mutations were detected in rpoB, 16S, or 23S rRNAs. Slow-growing NTM species harbored multiple virulence genes, including type VII secretion components, adhesion factors, and phospholipase C.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Continued active laboratory- and population-based surveillance will further inform the prevalence of NTM species and STs, monitor emerging clones, and allow AR characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"902-912"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Invasive Group B Streptococcus in South Africa, 2019-2020.","authors":"Buhle Ntozini, Sibongile Walaza, Benjamin Metcalf, Scott Hazelhurst, Linda de Gouveia, Susan Meiring, Dineo Mogale, Senzo Mtshali, Arshad Ismail, Kedibone Ndlangisa, Mignon Du Plessis, Vanessa Quan, Sopio Chochua, Lesley McGee, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae633","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis and sepsis and an important cause of disease in adults. Capsular polysaccharide and protein-based GBS vaccines are currently under development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through national laboratory-based surveillance, invasive GBS isolates were collected from patients of all ages between 2019 and 2020. Phenotypic serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted, followed by whole-genome sequencing for analysis of population structure and surface protein and resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1748 invasive GBS cases were reported. Of these, 661 isolates underwent characterization, with 658 yielding both phenotypic and genotypic results. Isolates (n = 658) belonged to 5 clonal complexes (CC1, CC8/10, CC17, CC19, and CC23) and 6 serotypes were detected: III (42.8%), Ia (27.9%), V (11.9%), II (8.4%), Ib (6.7%), and IV (2.3%). Phenotypically, only 1 isolate exhibited reduced penicillin susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.25 µg/mL). Phenotypic resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline was observed in 16.1%, 3.8%, and 91.5% of isolates, respectively. ermTR (34.9%) and mefA/E (30.1%) genes were most common among erythromycin-resistant isolates, while ermB predominated in clindamycin-resistant isolates (32.0%). tetM accounted for 95.8% of tetracycline resistance. All isolates carried at least 1 of the 3 pilus gene clusters, 1 of the 4 homologous alpha/Rib family determinants, and 98% harbored 1 of the serine-rich repeat protein genes. hvgA was found exclusively in CC17 isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our setting, β-lactam antibiotics remain appropriate for GBS treatment and polysaccharide and protein-based vaccines under development are expected to provide good coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e697-e707"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-Based Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Declining Human Papillomavirus Prevalence.","authors":"Penelope Gray, Jiangrong Wang, Sara Nordqvist Kleppe, K Miriam Elfström, Joakim Dillner","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most countries in the world have launched human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs, and declining HPV prevalences are reported. We aimed to disentangle the influences of calendar time, birth cohort, and age by analyzing HPV prevalences in the population-based cervical screening program using age-period-cohort modeling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All 813 882 primary HPV-based cervical screening tests from women aged 23-64 years between 2014 and 2023 in the capital region of Sweden were identified in the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry. The odds ratio (OR) of HPV-16/18 infection was estimated comparing birth cohorts to the unvaccinated 1984-born using an age-period-cohort model. The impact of changing HPV prevalences on the number needed to screen (NNS) to detect and prevent 1 cervical cancer case was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPV vaccination coverage was 82%-83% among women born in 1999-2000. Before 2019, the HPV-16/18 prevalence was highest among the youngest women. During 2020-2023 the prevalence consistently decreased among the birth cohorts offered organized school-based vaccination. There was a 98% decline in HPV-16 prevalence (OR, 0.02 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .01-.04]) and a 99% decline in HPV-18 prevalence (OR, 0.01 [95% CI, .00-.04]) among the 2000-born compared to the 1984-born. The declining HPV-16/18 prevalences resulted in major increases in the NNS to detect and to prevent 1 case of cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The declines of HPV-16/18 were considerably larger than the vaccination coverage, suggesting herd immunity. The changing epidemiology of HPV types impacts screening needs, necessitating updated screening programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e638-e649"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody Levels From High-Throughput Variant-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immunoglobulin G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Neutralization Assays Correlate With COVID-19 Infection Risk in a Large Population.","authors":"Marni B Jacobs, Alex E Clark, Nicole H Goldhaber, Holly D Valentine, Andrea Rivera, Toan Ngo, Tom Barber, Jacqueline Holmes, Brittany Manfredi, Aaron F Garretson, William Bray, Rob Knight, Christopher A Longhurst, Aaron F Carlin, Peter De Hoff, Louise C Laurent","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae622","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels have been proposed as a correlate of protection from infection. Yet, large-scale prospective studies of cost-effective scalable antibody measures as predictors of infection under real-world conditions are limited. We examined whether antibody levels measured by high-throughput variant-specific SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) neutralization assays correlate with cell-based neutralizing antibody measurements and whether they can serve as a reasonable correlate of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a large institutional cohort study between January 2022 and March 2023. Participants (N = 2513) provided dried blood spot (DBS) samples for assessment of anti-spike IgG and ACE2 inhibition levels through high-throughput assays. Comparison with authentic cell-based SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody assays was conducted with serum samples (n = 105). Associations between antibody levels and risk of infection were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correlation between serum and DBS sampling and between cell-based neutralizing and high-throughput antibody binding assays was high for anti-spike IgG and ACE2 neutralization, though the degree of correlation varied by variant. Longitudinal evaluation suggested that DBS-based IgG and ACE2 inhibition levels were anticorrelated with infection risk, with higher sensitivity noted for ACE2 inhibition and variant-matched measures. IgG and ACE2 inhibition levels decreased over time, with more durable responses observed in participants whose most recent priming event was infection vs vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that variant-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels may be a useful correlate of protection for infection, which has important implications for vaccination recommendations and evaluating infection risk. High-throughput assays measured via DBS may have utility in timing of boosters at the population or individual level.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"921-930"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Switching to Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine on Rectal HIV-1 RNA Shedding and Implications for Transmission Risk.","authors":"Mar Masiá, Marta Fernández-González, Christian Ledesma, Maria Losada-Echeberría, Nieves Gonzalo-Jiménez, Paula Mascarell, Javier García-Abellán, Leandro López, Melissa Bello-Pérez, Sergio Padilla, Felix Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf117","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) on rectal human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) RNA dynamics and the factors associated with viral shedding remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study evaluated HIV-1 RNA dynamics by analyzing sequential paired plasma and rectal fluid samples from virologically suppressed individuals who transitioned from oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) to every-2-month CAB/RPV (preceded or not by oral lead-in), over a 9-month follow-up period. RPV trough concentrations were measured in 384 rectal samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 597 plasma and 561 rectal samples from 90 participants were analyzed. HIV-1 RNA >50 (>1.69 log10) copies/swab was detected in 14.7% (59/401) of rectal samples (42.2% of participants) during intramuscular CAB/RPV, and in 17.5% (28/160) of rectal samples (29% of participants) during oral ART. Median detectable rectal HIV-1 RNA level during intramuscular ART was 362 (range, 133-2216) copies/swab. The frequency and quantity of rectal shedding did not differ between groups with/without oral lead-in. No correlation was observed between rectal shedding and detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA. Median rectal RPV concentration was 3.07 (quartile 1-quartile 3, 2.83-3.35) log10 ng/swab, 1.6-fold above the 90% maximum effective concentration (EC90) for rectal tissue, and did not correlate with rectal HIV-1 RNA levels. Rectal shedding was associated with plasma pre-ART HIV-1 RNA >5 log10 in multivariate Cox regression, but was unrelated to established predictors of virological failure with CAB/RPV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rectal HIV-1 shedding is common during bimonthly intramuscular CAB/RPV treatment and is also observed with oral ART. Shedding was independent of concurrent plasma HIV-1 RNA and rectal RPV concentrations, and was associated with pre-ART viral load.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e792-e802"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV.","authors":"Brandilyn A Peters, Xiaonan Xue, David B Hanna, Yi Wang, Zheng Wang, Anjali Sharma, Michelle Floris-Moore, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Maria L Alcaide, Anandi N Sheth, Elizabeth F Topper, Kathleen M Weber, Phyllis C Tien, Daniel Merenstein, Elizabeth Vásquez, Yue Chen, Matthew J Mimiaga, Valentina Stosor, Todd T Brown, Kristine M Erlandson, Stephanie M Dillon, Noha S Elsayed, Mykhaylo Usyk, Christopher C Sollecito, Robert C Kaplan, Robert D Burk, Qibin Qi","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae644","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging-related comorbidities are more common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to people without HIV. The gut microbiome may play a role in healthy aging; however, this relationship remains unexplored in the context of HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool from 1409 women (69% with HIV; 2304 samples) and 990 men (54% with HIV; 1008 samples) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study. Associations of age with gut microbiome diversity, uniqueness, and genus-level abundance were examined in women and men separately, followed by examining relationships of aging-related genera with frailty (Fried frailty phenotype) and mortality risk (Veterans Aging Cohort Study [VACS] index).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older age was associated with greater microbiome diversity and uniqueness, greater abundance of Akkermansia and Streptococcus, and lower abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium, among others; findings were generally consistent by sex and HIV status. An aging-related microbiome score, generated via combination of 18 age-related genera, significantly increased with age in both women and men independently of demographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic factors. In general, age was more strongly related to microbiome features (eg, diversity, microbiome score) in men without compared to with HIV, but age-microbiome associations were similar in women with and without HIV. Some age-related genera associated with healthy/unhealthy aging, such as Faecalibacterium (related to reduced frailty) and Streptococcus (related to higher VACS index).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age is associated with consistent changes in the gut microbiome in both women and men with or without HIV. Some aging-related microbiota are associated with aging-related declines in health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"981-992"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculous meningitis across the lifespan.","authors":"Rentia Lourens, Gabriela Singh, Tracy Arendse, Guy Thwaites, Ursula Rohlwink","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains the most lethal form of tuberculosis (TB). Despite significant physiological differences, adults, and children with TBM receive similar treatment and are often grouped together in research. Consequently, differences in TBM characteristics across the lifespan are poorly understood but may be relevant to developing more effective and age-appropriate interventions. In this review we discuss potential age-specific considerations in pathogenesis and pathophysiology, and review literature over the last 5 years to describe clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes across age groups. Children <5 years are vulnerable to TB disease and dissemination due to an immature immune system and the developing brain is highly susceptible to injury associated with neuroinflammation, leading to a greater likelihood of disability that has lifelong impact. Amongst adults, those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the elderly are at greatest risk of death, but more research into the frequency of neurocognitive disability is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and clinical insights into enterovirus circulation in Europe, 2018 - 2023: a multi-center retrospective surveillance study.","authors":"Sten de Schrijver, Emiel Vanhulle, Anne Ingenbleek, Leonidas Alexakis, Caroline Klint Johannesen, Eeva K Broberg, Heli Harvala, Thea K Fischer, Kimberley S M Benschop","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf179","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enteroviruses (EV) cause yearly outbreaks with severe infections, particularly in young children. This study investigates EV circulation, age-distribution, and clinical presentations in Europe from 2018-2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aggregated data were requested from ECDC National Focal Points for Surveillance and European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network. Data included detection month, specimen type, age-group, and clinical presentation for the ten most commonly reported EV types per year.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Twenty-eight institutions from 16 countries reported 563,654 EV-tests during the study-period with 33,265 (5.9%) EV-positive. Forty-two types were identified (n=11,605 cases) with echovirus (E)30, coxsackievirus (CV)A6, EV-D68, E9, E11, CVB5, E18, CVB4, EV-A71, and E6 most frequently reported. E30 detection declined after 2018/2019, while CVA6, CVB5, E9, E11, and EV-D68 were prevalent both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and CVB4 and E18 were prevalent after the pandemic. Over the study period, a shift in seasons (summer to fall) and specimen positivity (feces to respiratory) was observed. Neurological signs predominated among EV-A71, CVB4, CVB5, E6, E9, E11, E18, and E30 (30-72%). CVB4, CVB5, E9, E11, and E18 were also frequently reported among neonates (18-32%). CVA6 was frequently associated with HFMD, and EV-D68 with respiratory infections. Paralysis was reported among 22 infections, associated with ten non-polio types.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes the widespread circulation and severe nature of EV infections in Europe, particularly among neonates, as well as the (re-)emergence of specific types post-pandemic. Our findings highlight the need for continuous EV-surveillance to monitor variation in circulation, age, and clinical presentations, including paralysis among non-polio EV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucocorticoid Receptor Inhibits the Progression of Schistosomiasis Hepatic Fibrosis Through Inducing Circadian Clock Gene Per1.","authors":"Rui Tang, Tao Sun, Zhou Xing, XiaoBin Fan, PengYue Jiang, Bin Le, KaiWei Jia, YiLi Cai, XiaoJuan Bi, DongMei Zhang, RenYong Lin, Xing He","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatic fibrosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in schistosomiasis, and transcription factors (TF) may become potential therapeutic targets for this disease. Here, we found that a TF, NR3C1, was significantly downregulated in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the effector cell of hepatic fibrosis, from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum using RNA sequencing. Activation of NR3C1 using dexamethasone blocked HSC activation and hepatic fibrosis progression, while these effects were completely abolished upon specific deletion of NR3C1 in HSCs. Genome-wide binding site and transcriptome analyses suggested that Per1, a circadian clock gene, was under the direct control of NR3C1 through binding the glucocorticoid response elements, and it was responsible for the inhibitory effect of NR3C1 on HSC activation. Therefore, NR3C1 is a key TF in the activation of HSCs and a potential therapeutic target for hepatic schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to comments: renal protective effect of montelukast.","authors":"Cole S Hudson, Nicholas S Teran, Vincent H Tam","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}