Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"HPV vaccine effectiveness against prevalent HPV by age, years sexually active before vaccination, and HIV status in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, 2019-2021.","authors":"Pranamika Khayargoli, Daniel Grace, Joseph Cox, Alexandra de Pokomandy, Troy Grennan, Trevor A Hart, Rahim Moineddin, David M Moore, Catharine Chambers, Shelley L Deeks, Ramandip Grewal, Jody Jollimore, Nathan J Lachowsky, Rosane Nisenbaum, Gina Ogilvie, Chantal Sauvageau, Darrell H S Tan, Anna Yeung, Terri Zhang, François Coutlée, Ann N Burchell","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We compared the prevalence of vaccine-preventable anal human papillomavirus (HPV) types among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) living in large cities in Canada from 2019 to 2021 by age and HIV status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sexually-active GBM ≥16 years were recruited in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Participants self-reported HPV vaccination and self-collected anal HPV specimens. We estimated the prevalence of vaccine-preventable types for participants during the 2019 to 2021 period. We report RDS-II-weighted prevalence and confounder-adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) comparing vaccinated (≥1 dose) and unvaccinated GBM using multivariable Poisson regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,159 participants aged 18-83 (median 35 years), 17.6% were living with HIV, and 62.2%, 40.2% and 15.0% were vaccinated in the 16-26, 27-45, and ≥46-year groups, respectively. Among GBM 16-26 years, HPV6/11/16/18 prevalence was lower among those vaccinated ≤23 years (aPR= 0.40, 95% CI: 0.20-0.77), ≥3 years since first dose (aPR=0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.85), and those with ≤5 years of sexual activity before vaccination (aPR=0.47; 95%CI: 0.25-0.89). HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 prevalence was lower among those vaccinated ≤26 years in GBM aged 27-45 years (aPR= 0.81, 95% CI, 0.61-1.08), though this did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Five years after implementation of Canadian HPV vaccination programs for younger GBM, anal HPV prevalence was lower among those vaccinated at younger ages and near sexual debut.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine in Malawian Adults With and Without Malaria: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Clinical Trial.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Blood Supply for Pathogen Surveillance and Rapid Response to Emerging Infectious Threats.","authors":"Michael P Busch, Mars Stone, Marion C Lanteri","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag445","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordance Between Fingerprick and Venous Whole Blood CD4 Counts Using the Visitect CD4 Advanced disease platform.","authors":"Tessa Adzemovic, Elizabeth Nalintya, Philips Onencan, Oduc Enock, Josephine Badaru, Malak Elshafei, David R Boulware, David B Meya, Radha Rajasingham","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Visitect CD4 Advanced Disease platform is a rapid, semi-quantitative assay that estimates CD4 results above or below 200 cells/μL and can be performed on venous whole blood or by fingerprick. We conducted a prospective validation of the Visitect CD4 Advanced Disease platform via fingerprick versus venous whole blood. Overall, there was 95.5% agreement (149/156). The high level of agreement between the fingerprick and venous whole blood results may support the use of the fingerprick Visitect CD4 test as a reliable point-of-care diagnostic tool in settings where access to conventional venous whole blood testing may be limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplifying CD4 testing to support advanced HIV disease care.","authors":"Ajay Rangaraj, Nathan Ford","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A serological method's ability to distinguish treatment regimens by assessing early antibody decline in Chagas patients: insights from E1224 data.","authors":"Ursula Saade, Juan Carlos Ramirez, Jasper de Boer, Noelia Anahi Bazan, Franco Mauricio Mangone, Thomas Ramadier, Ivan Scandale, Hans Pottel, Jaime Altcheh, Eric Chatelain, Maan Zrein","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No reliable markers exist for parasitological cure in adult patients with chronic Chagas disease. We assessed whether a serological multiplex immunoassay for Trypanosoma cruzi, MultiCruzi, could differentiate the outcomes of treatment regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis included adults with indeterminate Chagas disease from a randomized trial of E1224. Serum samples at baseline, 6, and 12 months post-treatment with Benznidazole, E1224 regimens, or placebo were tested at three dilutions using MultiCruzi. We calculated the dilution factor at which 50% of reactivity remained (DF50) and used mixed-effects models to assess antibody decline. Log2DF50 slopes compared Benznidazole and E1224 regimens, and pooled data from the BENDITA trials helped define a cut-off for treatment response.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Within six months after treatment, participants exhibited a significantly greater rate of decline in antibody levels compared to the placebo group, contrasting with results from T. cruzi conventional ELISA tests. Our analysis showed a difference in response to benznidazole and to E1224 regimens after twelve months' follow-up, confirming results for benznidazole from BENDITA. Combining data from both trials allowed discrimination of benznidazole and E1224 treatment regimens after six months' follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MultiCruzi enables the early assessment of treatment-associated biological responses in adults with Chagas disease, with antibody decline serving as an exploratory pharmacodynamic marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prior Dengue Virus Exposure is Associated with Enhanced Zika Virus-Specific ADCC Activity in a Longitudinal Human Cohort.","authors":"Jessica N McCaffery, Xuemin Chen, Theda Gibson, Muktha Natrajan, Lilin Lai, Wendy A Keitel, Nadine Rouphael, Larry J Anderson, Evan J Anderson, Mark J Mulligan, Hana M El Sahly, Christina A Rostad","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior dengue virus (DENV) infection is common in regions affected by Zika virus (ZIKV) and may shape immune responses to subsequent ZIKV infection. Although cross-reactive neutralizing and disease-enhancing antibodies have been extensively studied, the effect of prior DENV immunity on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses to ZIKV remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Longitudinal serum samples were obtained and analyzed from a prospective cohort of 46 PCR-confirmed ZIKV cases enrolled at two U.S. sites between 2016-2018 (follow-up visits 6-409 days). ZIKV cases were classified as DENV-experienced (n=13) or DENV-naïve groups (n=33) based on detection of DENV neutralizing antibodies at baseline. ZIKV-specific ADCC activity was measured using a natural killer cell cytotoxicity assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DENV-experienced individuals had significantly higher peak ZIKV-specific ADCC responses (geometric mean titers [GMT] 15,104 vs 1,819; P<0.0001) and greater cumulative ADCC responses during early (≤80 days, AUC 918,540 vs 42,752; P = 0.0012) and late convalescent phases (>80 days, AUC 953,694 vs 182,004; P=0.0037). Peak ZIKV ADCC magnitude did not correlate with peak DENV or ZIKV antibody neutralizing titers, and ZIKV neutralization efficiency at the time of peak ZIKV ADCC did not differ between groups. However, ZIKV ADCC normalized to ZIKV IgG was significantly higher among DENV-experienced individuals (GMT 2,230 vs 735.6; P=0.0107).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prior DENV infection was associated with greater ZIKV-specific ADCC magnitude, despite similar ZIKV neutralization, suggesting that prior DENV exposure shapes Fc-mediated flavivirus immunity beyond neutralization. Future studies are needed to assess the clinical implications of these antibodies in immunopathology and protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlamydia trachomatis incidence in relation to vaginal microbiota dynamics, immunogenetics and exposures in a cohort of young student women in France.","authors":"Jeanne Tamarelle, Bertille de Barbeyrac, Carla Balcon, Lindsay Rutt, Michael France, Cécile Bébéar, Antoine Bourret, Arnaud Fauconnier, Jacques Ravel, Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau, Anne C M Thiébaut","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag410","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiag410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the potential role of the vaginal microbiota in the acquisition of Chlamydia trachomatis infections, we aim to investigate its contribution together with immunogenetics and epidemiological exposures to the incidence of C. trachomatis in young women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 313 female students aged 18-24 years from the i-Predict prevention trial in France. Participants provided four self-collected vaginal samples and filled four self-administered questionnaires every 6 months for 18 months. C. trachomatis-positive participants and negative controls with complete follow-up were selected for this analysis and submitted to chlamydia testing and to vaginal microbiota characterization using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Thirteen human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to C. trachomatis susceptibility and severity were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to 260 non-infected participants, Gardnerella spp., Fannyhessea vaginae and Prevotella timonensis were more abundant in C. trachomatis-incident participants (n=24) before infection. Having a CST IV at the preceding sample compared to a CST I (3.56 [1.08-11.70], p=0.037) was associated with increased risk of C. trachomatis acquisition, as well as having had multiple concomitant partners in the last 6 months (4.33 [1.19-15.72], p=0.028). Lifetime condom use was associated with decreased incidence (OR 0.38 [0.16-0.94], p=0.037). None of the tested human SNPs was associated with C. trachomatis infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this low-risk for C. trachomatis population, having a CST IV-AB vaginal microbiota and associated bacterial anaerobes was a risk factor for C. trachomatis acquisition after adjustment for other exposures. Condom use remains one of the main tools to prevent incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Observational Study of Vaginal Antibacterial Activity and Outcomes after Antibiotic Prescription for Bacterial Vaginosis.","authors":"David N Fredricks, Elizabeth M Krantz, Sean Proll, Congzhou Liu, Tina L Fiedler, Susan M Strenk, Danijel Djukovic, Daniel Raftery, Sujatha Srinivasan","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge syndrome and usually treated with metronidazole. BV frequently recurs. Published studies have not linked measured vaginal antibiotic activity (VAA) or antibiotic concentrations to clinical or microbiological BV outcomes. The objective is to determine if VAA in vaginal fluid after diagnosis of BV is associated with persistent/recurrent BV or changes in concentrations of vaginal BV-associated bacteria (BVAB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>VAA was assessed using a bioassay to measure inhibition of growth of BVAB in culture. Persistent/recurrent BV was measured by Amsel clinical criteria at days 6-35 (early) and 36-100 (late), concentrations of indicator BVAB in the vagina by quantitative PCR, and condom use by questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>87 participants who experienced 130 episodes of BV were prescribed metronidazole.No VAA was detected in 40/130 (31%) episodes of BV in the 10 days post-diagnosis. VAA was linked to significantly greater declines in vaginal concentrations of indicator BVAB (p<.001). Persistent/recurrent BV was present in 38/129 (29%) episodes at days 6-35 and 45/63 (71%) episodes at days 36-100. In a multivariable model, VAA for majority of prescribed days was associated with a reduced risk for recurrent BV in days 6-35, in the absence of condomless sex (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11-0.89, p=.03), but not when condomless sex was reported (p=0.49). No associations between VAA and BV recurrence in days 36-100 were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of metronidazole detection on the majority of prescribed days and condom use is associated with reduced risk of BV recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inactivated poliovirus vaccine on nasal mucosal immunity and pharyngeal shedding following novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 challenge: A randomized, open-label trial.","authors":"Khalequ Zaman, Ananda S Bandyopadhyay, Chris Gast, Doli R Goswami, Masuma Hoque, Rubhana Raqib, Lokman Hossain, Warda Haque, Arifa Islam, Harun-Or- Rashid, Mustafizur Rahman, Gabriela Aguirre, Elizabeth B Brickley, Audrey Godin, Joshua A Weiner, Rachel M Burke, Margaret E Ackerman, Giovanna Sifontes, Bernardo A Mainou, Peter F Wright, Ricardo Rüttimann","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impact of prior inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) doses on nasal and pharyngeal viral replication following subsequent poliovirus exposure remains unclear. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus detection in IPV-only countries necessitates better understanding of IPV's role in inducing nasal and pharyngeal mucosal immunity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial (9 November 2023-25 August 2024; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05677256) was conducted in Bangladesh in 500 polio vaccine-naïve infants aged 6-8 weeks. Two infant cohorts (vaccinated with 3 doses of either IPV or bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine [bOPV]) were challenged at 18-20 weeks with novel OPV type 2 (nOPV2). Pharyngeal and fecal viral shedding, and nasal, intestinal, and serum immune responses were measured post-nOPV2-challenge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Poliovirus type 2 (PV2) pharyngeal shedding was minimal post-challenge (1.7% of IPV-vaccinated and 2.6% of bOPV-vaccinated infants). Nasal PV2-specific neutralizing antibody titers were higher in the IPV group post-nOPV2-challenge (day 14; geometric mean titers [GMT]: IPV, 7.5 [95% CI: 5.1-11.1] vs bOPV, 0.6 [95% CI: 0.3-1.2]). Stool PV2-specific neutralization titers were comparable at day 14 (GMT: IPV, 124.0 [95% CI: 54.7-281.0] vs bOPV, 127.3 [95% CI: 74.0-218.9]). Serum PV2 neutralizing antibody titers were consistently higher in IPV group, peaking at day 28 (GMT: IPV, 4347.4 [95% CI: 2378.2-7947.2] vs bOPV, 259.9 [95% CI: 115.5-584.9]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>nOPV2 pharyngeal shedding was low following IPV or bOPV vaccination, whereas IPV induced higher nasal and serum, and comparable intestinal PV2-specific immunity, suggesting a potential role for IPV in poliovirus outbreak response in IPV-only settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}