Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Glucocorticoid Receptor Inhibits the Progression of Schistosomiasis Hepatic Fibrosis Through Inducing Circadian Clock Gene Per1.","authors":"Rui Tang, Tao Sun, Zhou Xing, XiaoBin Fan, PengYue Jiang, Bin Le, KaiWei Jia, YiLi Cai, XiaoJuan Bi, DongMei Zhang, RenYong Lin, Xing He","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatic fibrosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in schistosomiasis, and transcription factors (TF) may become potential therapeutic targets for this disease. Here, we found that a TF, NR3C1, was significantly downregulated in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the effector cell of hepatic fibrosis, from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum using RNA sequencing. Activation of NR3C1 using dexamethasone blocked HSC activation and hepatic fibrosis progression, while these effects were completely abolished upon specific deletion of NR3C1 in HSCs. Genome-wide binding site and transcriptome analyses suggested that Per1, a circadian clock gene, was under the direct control of NR3C1 through binding the glucocorticoid response elements, and it was responsible for the inhibitory effect of NR3C1 on HSC activation. Therefore, NR3C1 is a key TF in the activation of HSCs and a potential therapeutic target for hepatic schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to comments: renal protective effect of montelukast.","authors":"Cole S Hudson, Nicholas S Teran, Vincent H Tam","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall and temperature driven emergence of neural angiostrongyliasis in eastern Australia, 2020-2024.","authors":"Phoebe Rivory, Rogan Lee, Michael P Ward, Jan Šlapeta","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural angiostrongyliasis (NA), caused by rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), is an emerging zoonotic disease on Australia's east coast. The number of cases has risen since 2010. This study investigated the diagnosis, genetic diversity of A. cantonensis and spatial and temporal dynamics of canine NA (CNA). We analysed cerebrospinal fluid samples from 180 clinically suspected cases (2020-2024) using AcanR3990 qPCR, confirming infection in 93. Cases were detected around Brisbane and Sydney, with peak occurrence in 2022 (32 cases). Generalised linear modelling demonstrated that CNA occurrence depends on immediate and long-term rainfall (1 and 10-12 month lags) and medium-term temperature changes (5-7 month lags). Partial cox1 sequencing revealed Ac13 as the dominant haplotype (9/15). Comparison with an established ELISA using 50 randomly selected samples showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.66). With many cases likely remaining undiagnosed, NA poses an ongoing One Health issue in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Renal Protective Effect of Montelukast on Vancomycin due to its Anti-allergic Mechanism?","authors":"Mengjie Yang, Mi Zhou","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength and durability of RSV pre-fusion F IgG following infection and exposure in a household cohort, 2014-2022.","authors":"Kalee E Rumfelt, Casey Juntila, Matthew Smith, Amy Callear, Yangyupei Yang, Arnold S Monto, Adam S Lauring, Emily T Martin","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about the strength and durability of protection (CoP) provided by pre-F IgG after RSV infection/exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 1,019 sera from 422 individuals in 173 households, collected 365 days before and after RSV infection or exposure (2014-2022), from a longitudinal cohort with active respiratory infection surveillance. IgG against RSV pre-F was measured by electrochemiluminescence assay. We used a Cox model, adjusted for age, to assess the association between log4 pre-infection/exposure IgG and risk of RT-PCR-confirmed infection. We compared pre- to post-infection/exposure IgG geometric mean concentration (GMC) increases among cases and household contacts to identify asymptomatic infections. Generalized additive mixed models predicted IgG concentrations over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 113 confirmed RSV cases and 377 exposed household contacts. Cases had significantly lower pre-F IgG before infection (p<0.05) and significantly higher levels after infection (p<0.05). A one-unit increase in log4 pre-infection IgG decreased the risk of infection by 25% (p<0.05). Among 58 cases with pre- to post-RSV GMC increases, the mean fold increase was 1.12. Eight individuals without confirmed infections had ≥1.12 fold increases and were classified as probable asymptomatic infections. Cases had the highest IgG concentrations after infection, peaking at one month (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-F IgG is a reliable CoP for RSV infection risk. We found that RSV pre-F IgG mediated protection starts to wane 6 months after infection. Therefore, scheduling of RSV vaccination should be evaluated so individuals with the highest risk of severe disease are protected throughout RSV season.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal RSV and hMPV illnesses rates among pregnant women in Thailand and association between antenatal RSV and perinatal outcomes: A prospective cohort study.","authors":"Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Sarita Mohanty, Chonticha Klungthong, Louis Macareo, Boonsong Rawangban, Krissada Tomyabatra, Nattinee Srisantiroj, Podjanee Phadungkiatwatana, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Wiboon Kanjanapattanakul, Joshua A Mott, Lindsay Kim, Fatimah S Dawood","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We estimated RSV and hMPV illness incidences among pregnant women and examined the association between antenatal RSV illness and preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant women aged ≥18 years were followed twice weekly until the end of pregnancy to identify illness episodes with >1 of myalgia, cough, runny nose/nasal congestion, sore throat, or difficulty breathing. Mid-turbinate nasal swabs were collected and tested for RSV and hMPV by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. Incidences were calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) comparing participants with and without RSV illnesses for preterm birth (live birth before 37 weeks gestation) and SGA infant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2,764 participants, the median age was 29 years (interquartile range [IQR] 24-34) and the median enrollment gestational age was 10 weeks (IQR 7-14). Overall, 71 (3%) and 29 (1%) cases of RSV and hMPV illnesses were identified, respectively. Among these, 30 (42%) and 10 (34%), respectively, sought medical care. Incidence rates per 10,000 pregnant woman-months were 57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 44-72) for RSV and 23 (95% CI 16-33) for hMPV illnesses. Antenatal RSV illness in the third trimester conferred an increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted HR [aHR] 2.50, 95% CI 1.04-6.00) but not having an SGA infant (aHR 0.79, 95% CI 0.29 to 2.16).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Antenatal RSV illness was associated with some adverse antenatal outcomes. Pregnant women had a 0.4-0.7% risk of RSV illness per pregnancy month, of which one third resulted in medical visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial and viral co-infections in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 throughout the pandemic: A Multinational Cohort Study in the EuCARE Project.","authors":"Pontus Hedberg, Karol Serwin, Maria Francesca Greco, Joana P V Pereira, Dovile Juozapaite, Sara De Benedittis, Francesca Bai, Nadine Lübke, Tobias Wienemann, Iuri Fanti, Florian König, Nico Pfeifer, Rolf Kaiser, Maurizio Zazzi, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Daniel Naumovas, Giulia Marchetti, Milosz Parczewski, Björn-Erik Ole Jensen, Francesca Incardona, Anders Sönnerborg, Pontus Nauclér","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited evidence exists on how the occurrence of bacterial and viral co-infections have developed since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged. We investigated whether the occurrence of community-onset co-infections in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 differed during the Wild type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron periods, and whether such co-infections were associated with an increased risk of mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multinational cohort study including COVID-19 hospitalizations until 30 April 2023 in five European countries. The outcome was bacterial and viral co-infections, based on five different test modalities. Variant periods were compared with regards to occurrences of co-infections and risk ratios for co-infections (Omicron versus pre-Omicron), as well as association with in-hospital mortality (Omicron versus pre-Omicron).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 29,564 patients were included: 12,601 Wild type, 5,256 Alpha, 2,433 Delta, and 9,274 Omicron. The co-infection rate was 2.6% (327/12,601) for Wild type, 2.0% (105/5,256) for Alpha, 3.2% (77/2,433) for Delta, and 7.9% (737/9,274) for Omicron. Patients with Omicron had a significantly increased risk ratio of co-infection compared with preceding variants (1.88 [95% CI 1.53-2.32], P<0.001). These results were consistent across several subgroup analyses. An increased occurrence (19% [232/1,246] versus 11% [3,042/28,318]) and adjusted risk (1.69 [1.49-1.91], P<0.001) of in-hospital mortality was observed in patients with a verified co-infection compared with patients without a co-infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bacterial and viral co-infections were more prevalent during the Omicron period compared with preceding variants. Such co-infections were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, calling for sustained monitoring and clinical vigilance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lenacapavir Plus Two Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies, Teropavimab and Zinlirvimab, for People With HIV-1 Highly Susceptible to Either Teropavimab or Zinlirvimab.","authors":"Joseph J Eron, Paul P Cook, Megha L Mehrotra, Hailin Huang, Marina Caskey, Gordon E Crofoot, Linda Gorgos, Laurie A VanderVeen, Yanan Zheng, Sean E Collins, Olayemi O Osiyemi, Cynthia Brinson, Edwin DeJesus","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The combination of two broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), teropavimab and zinlirvimab, plus the capsid inhibitor lenacapavir, is a potential twice-yearly regimen for HIV-1 treatment. The level of bNAb susceptibility to maintain virologic suppression is unknown; therefore, we evaluated this combination in participants meeting stringent viral sensitivity criteria to only one of the two bNAbs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pilot study within a proof-of-concept Phase 1b study (NCT04811040).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No serious treatment-emergent adverse events occurred and 8/10 participants remained virologically suppressed at Week 26.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More inclusive bNAb susceptibility criteria may be appropriate for future studies of this combination treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of Monocytes Treated with Dengue NS1 Revealed a Shift in Transcripts Involving in Self-Propagated Proinflammation and Antiviral Responses.","authors":"Khwankhao Saisingha, Tuksin Jearanaiwitayakul, Daniel Watterson, Naphak Modhiran, Marisa Ponpuak, Sukathida Ubol","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus (DENV) can influence dengue severity. In this study, we used RNA sequencing analysis to assess blood monocyte response to different concentrations of NS1. Here we showed that NS1 at the level found in severe dengue may be involved in severe dengue development through two potential mechanisms which were induction of excessive inflammation and suppression of antiviral responses. At high levels, NS1 significantly up-regulated S100A8 and S100A9, ACOD1, and TREM-1, that might help amplifying the inflammatory loops. In terms of antiviral suppression, we found that high NS1 concentration significantly suppressed interferon signalling and MHCII transcripts. This potentially delayed the clearance of both DENV and NS1 protein. Our study highlighted the possible role of NS1-activated monocytes in dengue severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A viro-immunological model to characterize the antiviral effect of molnupiravir in SARS-CoV-2-infected outpatients: implication for treatment duration.","authors":"Bach Tran Nguyen, Julie Bertrand, Akosua A Agyeman, Shengyuan Zhang, Ly-Mee Yu, Victoria Harris, Paul Little, Christopher C Butler, Judith Breuer, David M Lowe, Joseph F Standing, Jérémie Guedj","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir against SARS-CoV-2 is controversial. Here, we develop a model integrating viral and immune dynamics to characterize the mechanism of action of molnupiravir in vivo and its impact on viral dynamics, during and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed data from the PANORAMIC trial, where 577 outpatients were randomised shortly after symptom onset to receive usual care or molnupiravir for 5 days, and where viral and immunological data were collected for two weeks. We developed a mathematical model that characterized virus/host interaction and accounted for the impact of molnupiravir on viral replication and mutagenesis. The model was used to explore the impact of longer treatment duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molnupiravir reduced RNA replication with an efficacy that reached 93% at the end of a five-day treatment. This effect was mediated through two different pathways, one that increased transition mutation frequency, and other that directly inhibited viral production. Accordingly five-day treatment shortened the median time to clearance of both RNA and infectious virus by approximately 2 days. Treatment duration of 10 days could reduce the time to RNA clearance by 5 days and reduce the occurrence of viral rebounds. Longer treatment durations might be needed in case of post-exposure prophylaxis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our model suggests that molnupiravir acts primarily on viral replication, and does not act specifically on viral infectivity. Longer administration of molnupiravir may reduce rebound rate and shorten time to viral clearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}