Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Annual Clinical and Economic Burden of Medically Attended Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among US Infants Aged <12 Months.","authors":"Linnea Houde, Amy W Law, Ahuva Averin, Derek Weycker, Alejandro Cane, Sarah Pugh, Kimberly M Shea","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae544","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We developed a model to project the expected annual clinical and economic burden of medically attended lower respiratory tract illnesses due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-LRTI) among United States (US) infants aged <12 months by combining information on population size, disease rates, mortality rates, and unit costs. Among the 3.7 million US infants aged <12 months each year, a total of 592 700 cases of RSV-LRTI (hospitalizations: 48 499; emergency department visits: 144 599; outpatient clinic visits: 399 602) were projected to occur, yielding total annual costs of $1.6 billion. The annual burden of RSV-LRTI among US infants is considerable, especially among those aged <3 months, who account for 43% of total costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1318-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Journal of Infectious Diseases Collaboration: The First Fruits From a New Tree.","authors":"Ravi Jhaveri, Cynthia L Sears","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1097"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral and Immune Risk Factors of HIV Rebound After Interruption of Antiretroviral Therapy.","authors":"Sara Gianella, Tingting Yu, Rui Wang, Caroline Ignacio, Merle Schanz, Roger D Kouyos, Gemma Caballero, Noah C Gaitan, Stephen Rawlings, Herbert Kuster, Karin J Metzner, Rajesh T Gandhi, Jonathan Z Li, Huldrych F Günthard, Davey M Smith, Antoine Chaillon","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae585","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rebound after treatment interruption is crucial for designing effective remission strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from participants in the Zurich HIV Primary Infection Cohort (ZPHI, n = 73) and ACTG study A5345 (n = 44) were analyzed before antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption. We measured cell-associated HIV RNA, total HIV DNA, and proviral diversity (env gene). Immune phenotyping was conducted by flow cytometry. Cox proportional hazards (PH) models and penalized Cox PH models with an adaptive LASSO penalty identified risk factors for time to rebound (HIV RNA >1000 copies/mL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Late ART initiation was associated with higher rebound risk (shorter time to rebound) as compared to early ART. Higher pre-ART HIV RNA in plasma, total HIV DNA, and increased cellular HIV transcription at the time of ART interruption were associated with higher rebound risk. Higher proviral diversity was associated with higher rebound risk but only among male participants and those enrolled in the ZPHI cohort. Fewer CD4+ T cells at ART interruption, higher proportions of effector and terminally differentiated T cells, and more activated and exhausted T cells were associated with higher rebound risk, primarily in early-treated participants. No significant immunological risk factors were found in participants treated during chronic HIV. In the combined cohort, total HIV DNA and terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells appeared to be the most relevant risk factors for time to rebound, as indicated by variable selection in multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of early ART initiation and suggest that tailored interventions based on virologic, immunologic, and demographic factors may help achieve sustained viral suppression. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00537966 and NCT03001128.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1221-1229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Epidemiology of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Strains of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri in the Iberian Peninsula From 2015 to 2022.","authors":"Camille Jacqueline, Corrado Minetti, Sara Monzon Fernandez, Leonor Silveira, Isabel Cuesta De La Plaza, Ângela Pista, Silvia Herrera-Leon","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae596","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella is among the serious antimicrobial resistance threats. We investigated the genomic epidemiology of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQR) strains of S sonnei and S flexneri from 2015 to 2022 in Spain and Portugal. We determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of 416 isolates (S flexneri and S sonnei), and FQR isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing. The percentage of FQR isolates gradually increased to reach 38% and 80% of S flexneri and S sonnei isolates, respectively, in 2022. S sonnei isolates from men were significantly more likely to be FQR (relative risk, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.7-9.0). Genomic analysis revealed 2 major genetic clusters of FQR S sonnei from the CipR.MSM5 lineage, previously associated with extreme antimicrobial resistance and transmission in men having sex with men. This study contributes to a better understanding of FQR shigellosis transmission and highlights the added value of enhanced surveillance for these pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1176-1185"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Integrity Under Threat: The Role of the IDSA, PIDS, and SHEA Journals in an Evolving Political Landscape.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf224","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1095-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B Virus RNA as a Biomarker for Safe Antiviral Discontinuation: A Prospective Study of Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Withdrawal.","authors":"Norah A Terrault, Richard Sterling, Anna S Lok, Marc G Ghany, Jordan J Feld, Gavin Cloherty, Abdus S Wahed, Xue Yang","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae541","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Withdrawal of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy is associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and sustained off-therapy partial cure (normal alanine aminotransferase [ALT] ≤30 U/L for males and ≤20 U/L for females with hepatitis B virus [HBV] DNA <2000 IU/mL) but should be offered only to those most likely to benefit. HBV RNA may be useful for risk stratification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Hepatitis B Research Network Immune-Active Trial prospectively evaluated treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for 192 weeks ± peginterferon alfa-2a for the initial 24 weeks, followed by protocolized withdrawal of TDF among eligible participants (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01369212). HBV RNA was evaluated as a predictor of ALT flares and sustained partial cure (HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL) 48 weeks after TDF withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 93 participants discontinuing TDF (n = 52, TDF + peginterferon alfa-2a; n = 41, TDF alone), 52 (55.9%) had unquantifiable HBV RNA at end of treatment. ALT flares >5 times the upper limit of normal at 48 weeks off therapy occurred in 33.3%, with pretreatment age (≥35 years) and quantifiable HBV RNA at end of treatment the best predictors (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.74 and 0.85 for training and test sets, respectively). A total of 26 (28.3%) had sustained partial cure, 3 (11.5%) with ALT flare. Nonquantifiable HBV RNA and quantitative HBsAg <100 IU/mL at end of treatment were the best predictors of sustained partial cure (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.84 and 0.93 for training and test sets). If HBV RNA was quantifiable at end of treatment, the likelihood of sustained partial cure was only 3%, whereas if HBV RNA was unquantifiable and quantitative HBsAg was <100 IU/mL, this likelihood was 73%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HBV RNA is a useful biomarker in predicting likelihood of achieving sustained partial cure and safe withdrawal of nucleos(t)ide analogues.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1290-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence and Global Spread of Mpox Clade Ib: Challenges and the Role of Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance.","authors":"Ananda Tiwari, Thierry Kalonji, Taru Miller, Tim Van Den Bossche, Adriana Krolicka, Hypolite Muhindo-Mavoko, Patrick Mitashi, Marc Christian Tahita, Rolf Lood, Tarja Pitkänen, Vivi Maketa","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several African countries, mainly the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, and Uganda, are facing highly transmissible mpox clade Ib epidemics, prompting the World Health Organization to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. It has spread to key travel hubs like Kinshasa, Bujumbura, and Kampala, increasing international spread risks. Current mitigation efforts focus mainly on medical care, diagnostics, vaccination, and infection prevention, but overlook wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES). WES can be effective in detecting hotspots and enabling rapid response through enhanced data collection and genomic sequencing. This perspective article reviews the latest outbreak situation and advocates integrating WES into response strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e825-e829"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Population Immunity After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria: Analysis of National Wastewater Data.","authors":"Uwe Riedmann, Alena Chalupka, Lukas Richter, Martin Sprenger, Wolfgang Rauch, Hannes Schenk, Robert Krause, Peter Willeit, Herbert Oberacher, Tracy Beth Høeg, John P A Ioannidis, Stefan Pilz","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpandemic surveillance data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections may help inform future public health policies regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing, vaccinations, or other COVID-19 measures. We estimate the total SARS-CoV-2 infections in Austria after the end of the pandemic from wastewater data and utilize these estimates to calculate the average national levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection protection and COVID-19 death protection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We estimated the total SARS-CoV-2 infections in Austria after the end of the pandemic (5 May 2023, per World Health Organization) up to May 2024 from wastewater data using a previously published model. These estimates were used in an agent-based model (ABM) to estimate average national levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection protection and COVID-19 death protection, based on waning immunity estimates of infections and vaccination in previous literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We estimate approximately 3.2 million infections between 6 May 2023 and 23 May 2024, with a total of 17.8 million infections following 12 May 2020. The ABM estimates that the national average death protection was approximately 82% higher in May 2024 than before the pandemic. This represents a relative decrease of 8% since May 2023. It also shows that 95% of people in Austria were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at least once by May 2024. National infection protection remained relatively low after the onset of Omicron.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings should be considered for public health decisions on SARS-CoV-2 testing practices and vaccine booster administrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e921-e928"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Analysis of Global Mycobacterium abscessus Isolates Reveals Ongoing Evolution of Drug Resistance-Associated Genes.","authors":"Tingting Yang, Kylie E Beach, Chendi Zhu, Mingyu Gan, Wenli Wang, Hongjuan Zhou, Lijun Peng, Shanshan Wang, Long Cai, Weimin Li, Jordan B Davis, Nico Cicchetti, E Susan Slechta, Adam Barker, Salika M Shakir, Allison F Carey, Qingyun Liu","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae580","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, but the evolution of acquired drug resistance is poorly understood. We analyzed published genomes of 5617 clinical MAB isolates from 20 countries and searched for signals of ongoing evolution in 35 drug resistance-associated genes. Of these, we found 14 genes that were subject to positive selection, and we identified novel mutational sites under selection. Among these, the erm(41) V80I mutation arose exclusively in strains with erm(41) 28T and affected 50.5% (1750/3465) of subsp abscessus isolates. The study provided evidence that MAB is evolving mutations in drug resistance-associated genes, and further research is needed to understand the functional consequences of these mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1150-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Yu et al.","authors":"Michelle C Sabo, Sina A Gharib, Javeed A Shah, R Scott McClelland","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}