Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases: Back to the Future.","authors":"Jatin M Vyas","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf306","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"36-38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospectively Defined Clusters of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Sequelae.","authors":"Shritha Velaga, Justin Stebbing","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae319","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating Infectious Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin: A Laboratory-Based Observational Study of Patients with Suspected Ebola Virus Disease, Guinea, 2014.","authors":"Ignacio Postigo-Hidalgo, N'Faly Magassouba, Nadine Krüger, Marie Louise Guilavogui, Detlev H Kruger, Boris Klempa, Jan Felix Drexler","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae637","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The etiology of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in sub-Saharan Africa often remains unexplained.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective laboratory-based observational study of 550 Guinean patients with FUO testing negative for Ebola virus from March to December 2014. Blood-borne pathogens were diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), serologic tests, and targeted and unbiased high-throughput sequencing (HTS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 275 of 550 individuals, we found evidence of ≥1 pathogen by molecular methods. We identified Plasmodium in 35.6% of patients via PCR, with P falciparum constituting 96.4% of these cases. Pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella and Klebsiella, were detected in 18.4% of patients through PCR and HTS. Resistance determinants against first-line antibiotics were found in 26.9% of pooled sera by HTS. Yellow fever, Lassa, and Ebola viruses were detected in 5.8% of patients by RT-PCR; HTS-guided RT-PCR confirmed Orungo virus infection in 1 patient. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the viral genomes matched the available genomic data in terms of location and time. Indirect immunofluorescence assays revealed immunoglobulin M antibodies against yellow fever, Ebola, dengue, West Nile, and Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses in 11 of 100 patients who were PCR or RT-PCR negative. One in 5 patients who were infected presented coinfections, predominantly malaria associated with sepsis-causing bacteria, in adults (12.1%) and children (12.5%), whereas viral coinfections were rare. Patients presented fever (74.7%), asthenia (67.7%), emesis (38.2%), diarrhea (28.3%), and hemorrhage (11.8%), without clear etiology associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An exhaustive laboratory investigation elucidated infectious causes of FUO in 52.3% of patients. Quality control and strengthening laboratory capacities in sub-Saharan Africa are essential for patient care, outbreak response, and regionally appropriate diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"101-112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Is Associated With Increased Risk of Acute Kidney Injury Independent of Hemolytic Complications in Children With Severe Malaria.","authors":"Ruth Namazzi, Caroline Kazinga, Giselle Lima-Cooper, Claire Liepmann, Michael J Goings, Olivia Bednarski, Marco Abreu, Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An, Anthony Batte, Robert O Opoka, Chandy C John, Andrea L Conroy","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf080","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and predicts mortality in severe malaria. Studies have reported an increased incidence of AKI in males with hemolytic features of severe malaria. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, an X-linked enzymopathy, can induce hemolysis. We evaluated whether the G6PD African allele (A-) was associated with AKI in children with severe malaria. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 16.7% among hemizygous male children and 2.4% in female children. G6PD deficiency was associated with 2.56-fold odds of AKI (95% confidence interval, 1.33-4.93; P = .005), adjusting for age, sex, site, nutritional status, and features of hemolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparate SARS-CoV-2 Infection Outcomes Abound, but What Makes SARS-CoV-2 Bound for Rebound?","authors":"Timothy P Sheahan","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae386","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision Symptom Phenotyping Identifies Early Clinical and Proteomic Predictors of Distinct COVID-19 Sequelae.","authors":"Nusrat J Epsi, Josh G Chenoweth, Paul W Blair, David A Lindholm, Anuradha Ganesan, Tahaniyat Lalani, Alfred Smith, Rupal M Mody, Milissa U Jones, Rhonda E Colombo, Christopher J Colombo, Christina Schofield, Evan C Ewers, Derek T Larson, Catherine M Berjohn, Ryan C Maves, Anthony C Fries, David Chang, Andrew Wyatt, Ann I Scher, Celia Byrne, Jennifer Rusiecki, David L Saunders, Jeffrey Livezey, Allison Malloy, Samantha Bazan, Carlos Maldonado, Margaret Sanchez Edwards, Katrin Mende, Mark P Simons, Robert J O'Connell, David R Tribble, Brian K Agan, Timothy H Burgess, Simon D Pollett, Stephanie A Richard","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae318","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-COVID conditions (PCC) are difficult to characterize, diagnose, predict, and treat due to overlapping symptoms and poorly understood pathology. Identifying inflammatory profiles may improve clinical prognostication and trial endpoints.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis included 1988 SARS-CoV-2 positive U.S. Military Health System beneficiaries who had quantitative post-COVID symptom scores. Among participants who reported moderate-to-severe symptoms on surveys collected 6 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, principal component analysis followed by k-means clustering identified distinct clusters of symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three symptom-based clusters were identified: a sensory cluster (loss of smell and/or taste), a fatigue/difficulty thinking cluster, and a difficulty breathing/exercise intolerance cluster. Individuals within the sensory cluster were all outpatients during their initial COVID-19 presentation. The difficulty breathing cluster had a higher likelihood of obesity and COVID-19 hospitalization than those with no/mild symptoms at 6 months post-infection. Multinomial regression linked early post-infection D-dimer and IL-1RA elevation to fatigue/difficulty thinking and elevated ICAM-1 concentrations to sensory symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified three distinct symptom-based PCC phenotypes with specific clinical risk factors and early post-infection inflammatory predictors. With further validation and characterization, this framework may allow more precise classification of PCC cases and potentially improve the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of PCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Elderly Patients During the 2023-2024 Season in the Era of Nirsevimab Introduction.","authors":"Amandine Caillault, Laurent Softic, Pierre Bay, Arnaud Ly, Alexandre Soulier, Giovanna Melica, Christophe Rodriguez, Nicolas de Prost, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Slim Fourati","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe infections in elderly individuals. Nirsevimab is a novel prophylactic monoclonal antibody, widely used in infants in France during the 2023-2024 season. It may select for resistant RSV variants that, if transmitted in the community, could compromise vaccine efficacy in the elderly. In this study, we analyzed RSV full-length genomes (68% RSV-A, 32% RSV-B) from 125 patients aged >60 years during the 2023-2024 season. Genetic diversity of RSV-F site Ø was low, with no resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) detected. While no RASs were identified, ongoing monitoring is essential to prevent the emergence of resistant variants that could affect vaccine efficacy in the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"199-202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further Evidence for Plausible Transmission of Fishborne Trematodiases in the United States: Game Fish Carry Human-Infectious Trematodes and Are Eaten Raw.","authors":"Emma M Palmer, Daniel C G Metz, Ryan F Hechinger","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf180","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historically, locally transmitted fishborne trematodiasis has not been a public health concern in the United States (US). However, the widespread introduction of the first intermediate host snail Melanoides tuberculata and 2 of the fishborne trematodes it transmits (Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus), along with their discovery at freshwater fishing localities throughout southern California, reveals a need to further evaluate the risk of local transmission of fishborne trematodiasis in the US. Here, we confirm that the trematode stages infectious to people (metacercariae) commonly infect and can be abundant in 7 commonly caught and eaten fish species at California fishing localities. Further, via an online social media search, we provide evidence that people throughout the US eat those same fish species in ways conducive to trematode transmission (namely, eating fish unfrozen and raw). These findings further indicate the plausibility for locally transmitted fishborne trematodiasis in the US.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e159-e168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Detection of Extrapulmonary and Paucibacillary Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Xpert MTB Host Response in a Tuberculosis Low-Endemic, High-Resource Setting.","authors":"Elin Folkesson, Gabrielle Fröberg, Christopher Sundling, Thomas Schön, Erik Södersten, Judith Bruchfeld","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Xpert MTB Host Response (MTB-HR) assay has reached World Health Organization (WHO) test targets for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with high bacillary loads. We investigated the contribution of MTB-HR as a nonsputum, near point-of-care diagnostic method in other prioritized groups, such as extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and paucibacillary PTB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with presumed tuberculosis disease were prospectively included in Stockholm, Sweden (n = 307), and underwent MTB-HR venous and capillary testing in parallel. Clinical characterization was based on symptoms, microbiological results (microscopy, polymerase chain reaction [PCR], and culture), radiological assessment, and a panel of biochemical tests. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to calculate cut-offs for maximized sensitivity and specificity, including WHO targets for screening and diagnostic tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MTB-HR performed equally well in microbiologically confirmed PTB (area under the curve [AUC], 0.84 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .78-.90]; n = 69) and EPTB (AUC, 0.82 [95% CI, .75-.90]; n = 34). Based on Youden index cut-offs, the negative predictive value (NPV) was high both in PCR-negative PTB (-1.27, NPV 94%) and in EPTB (-1.58, NPV 95%) and fulfilled the minimum target product profile sensitivity requirement for confirmed EPTB. In individuals without tuberculosis (n = 204), the majority had pulmonary infections. There was a close to perfect correlation between venous and capillary samples (r = 0.97, P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Capillary Xpert MTB-HR improves detection of sputum PCR-negative, culture-verified PTB and is promising as a rule-out test in EPTB. MTB-HR score and bacterial burden were highly correlated. We suggest a graded MTB-HR score as more clinically relevant than a binary result.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e78-e88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gut Microbiome: Another Piece in the Puzzle of HIV-Associated Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Sergio Serrano-Villar, Esteban Martínez","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae244","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1347-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}