Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Human HKU1-reactive CD4 T cells are enriched for cytolytic potential that persists in older adults.","authors":"Chantelle L White, Katherine A Richards, Nelson Huertas, Jennifer L Nayak, Andrea J Sant","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 increased interest in cellular immunity established by infections with human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Using PBMC from a cohort of human subjects collected prior to 2019, we assessed the abundance and phenotype of these CD4 T cells using cytokine Elispot assays. Unexpectedly, cytotoxic potential was uniquely enriched amongst HKU1-reactive CD4 T cells, as measured by quantification of granzyme producing cells. Also, although dramatic losses in HCoV-specific CD4 T cells abundance for OC43, NL63 and 229E-specific cells were observed in older subjects relative to younger adults, HKU1-reactive cells exhibited minimal age-dependent differences in this phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Clinical Improvement of Infants Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Critical Illness.","authors":"Shannon B Leland, Laura D Zambrano, Steven J Staffa, Elizabeth R McNamara, Margaret M Newhams, Natasha Halasa, Justin Z Amarin, Laura S Stewart, Steven L Shein, Christopher L Carroll, Julie C Fitzgerald, Marian G Michaels, Katherine Bline, Melissa L Cullimore, Laura Loftis, Vicki L Montgomery, Asumthia S Jeyapalan, Pia S Pannaraj, Adam J Schwarz, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Matt S Zinter, Aline B Maddux, Melania M Bembea, Katherine Irby, Danielle M Zerr, Joseph D Kuebler, Christopher J Babbitt, Mary G Gaspers, Ryan A Nofziger, Michele Kong, Bria M Coates, Jennifer E Schuster, Shira J Gertz, Elizabeth H Mack, Benjamin R White, Helen Harvey, Charlotte V Hobbs, Heda Dapul, Andrew D Butler, Tamara T Bradford, Courtney M Rowan, Kari Wellnitz, Mary Allen Staat, Cassyanne L Aguiar, Saul R Hymes, Angela P Campbell, Adrienne G Randolph","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) commonly requires hospitalization. The Clinical Progression Scale Pediatrics (CPS-Ped) measures level of respiratory support and degree of hypoxia across a range of disease severity, but it has not been applied in infants hospitalized with severe RSV-LRTI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from a prospective surveillance registry of infants hospitalized for RSV-related complications across 39 U.S. PICUs from October through December 2022. We assigned CPS-Ped (0=discharged home at respiratory baseline to 8=death) at admission, days 2-7,10, and 14. We identified predictors of clinical improvement (CPS-Ped≤2 or 3-point decrease) by day 7 using multivariable log-binomial regression models and estimated the sample size (80% power) to detect 15% between-group clinical improvement with CPS-Ped versus hospital length of stay (LOS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 585 hospitalized infants, 138 (23.6%) received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Of the 49 (8.4%) infants whose CPS-Ped score worsened by 2 points after admission, one died. Failure to clinically improve by day 7 occurred in 205 (35%) infants and was associated with age <3 months, prematurity, underlying respiratory condition, and IMV in the first 24 hours in the multivariable analysis. The estimated sample size per arm required for detecting a 15% clinical improvement in a potential study was 584 using CPS-Ped clinical improvement versus 2,031 for hospital LOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CPS-Ped can be used to capture a range of disease severity and track clinical improvement in infants who develop RSV-related critical illness and could be useful for evaluating therapeutic interventions for RSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Epigenetic Landscape of Neurosyphilis: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-term Management.","authors":"Jia-Hao Cao, Wei Li","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence to Neuronal and Glial Metabolite Abnormalities in Participants with Persistent Neuropsychiatric Symptoms After COVID-19: A Brain Proton MRS Study.","authors":"Hye Bin Yoo, Hyeong Hun Lee, Jeong Hoon Lim","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CPS-Ped: A Metric of RSV Severity and Progression in Children.","authors":"Gabriella Ess, Christina A Rostad","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Early Transmission Inhibition of new treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis.","authors":"A Stoltz, R R Nathavitharana, E de Kock, V Ueckermann, P Jensen, C M Mendel, M Spigelman, E A Nardell","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Most drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) occurs due to transmission of unsuspected or ineffectively treated DR-TB. The duration of treatment to stop person-to-person spread of DR-TB is uncertain. We evaluated the impact of novel regimens, including BPaL, on DR-TB transmission using the human-to-guinea pig (H-GP) transmission model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Experiment 1, patients initiated an optimized DR-TB regimen including bedaquiline (BDQ) and linezolid (LZD). In Experiment 2, patients initiated the BPaL regimen (BDQ, 1200mg LZD and pretomanid). We measured baseline infectivity for each cohort by exhausting ward air to one of two GP exposure rooms (Control), each containing 90 GPs, for 8 patient-days. Then, after 72 hours of treatment, ward air was exhausted to the second GP exposure room for 8 patient-days (Intervention). The infectiousness of each cohort was compared by performing tuberculin skin tests (TST) in GPs at baseline (pre-treatment) and 6 weeks after the exposure period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Experiment 1, pre-treatment, five DR-TB patients infected 24/90 (26.7%) GPs (Control). Post-treatment (72 hours after drug initiation), the same patients infected 25/90 (27.8%) GPs (Intervention) (p = 1.00). In Experiment 2, pre-treatment, nine DR-TB patients infected 40/90 (44.4%) GPs (Control). Post-treatment (beginning 72 hours after drug initiation), the same patients infected 0/90 (0%) GPs (Intervention) (p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, DR-TB drug regimens including BDQ and standard-dose LZD for 72 hours did not decrease DR-TB transmission. In contrast, transmission was rapidly and completely inhibited in patients treated with BPaL for 72 hours, suggesting an early and profound impact on transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protracted Tuberculosis Outbreak in a Pasifika Diaspora in Western Sydney, Australia: The Importance of Community Engagement.","authors":"Archana Koirala, Katherine Smith, Philip N Britton, Annaleise R Howard-Jones, Vitali Sintchenko, Ellen J Donnan, Evan Ulbricht, Elena Martinez, Reta Toma, Ben J Marais","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A prolonged tuberculosis outbreak, linked by whole-genome sequencing, occurred in a Pasifika extended family over 10 years (2013-2022) in Sydney, Australia. Despite Australia's low tuberculosis incidence, social and cultural complexities, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disruptions exacerbated transmission. Control required culturally sensitive, family-centered care and robust health system engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and hybrid immunity in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptomatic COVID-19 among adults in the United States.","authors":"Leora R Feldstein, Jasmine Ruffin, Ryan E Wiegand, Craig B Borkowf, Jade James-Gist, Tara M Babu, Melissa Briggs-Hagen, James Chappell, Helen Y Chu, Janet A Englund, Jennifer L Kuntz, Adam S Lauring, Natalie Lo, Marco Carone, Christina Lockwood, Emily T Martin, Claire M Midgley, Arnold S Monto, Allison L Naleway, Tara Ogilvie, Sharon Saydah, Mark A Schmidt, Jonathan E Schmitz, Ning Smith, Ine Sohn, Lea Starita, H Keipp Talbot, Ana A Weil, Carlos G Grijalva","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccine and hybrid immunity is important for informing public health strategies as new variants emerge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from three cohort studies spanning September 1, 2022-July 31, 2023, to estimate COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptomatic COVID-19 among adults with and without prior infection in the United States. Participants collected weekly nasal swabs, irrespective of symptoms, annual blood draws, and completed periodic surveys, which included vaccination status and prior infection history. Swabs were tested molecularly for SARS-CoV-2. VE was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models for the hazard ratios of infections, adjusting for covariates. VE was calculated considering prior infection and recency of vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,344 adults, adjusted VE of bivalent vaccine against infection was 37.2% (95% CI: 12.3-55.7%) within 7-59 days of vaccination and 21.1% (95% CI: -0.5-37.1%) within 60-179 days of vaccination compared to participants who were unvaccinated/received an original monovalent vaccine dose ≥180 days prior. Overall, adjusted VE of bivalent vaccine against infection, in conjunction with prior infection, was 62.2% (95% CI: 46.0-74.5%) within 7-179 days of vaccination and 39.4% (95% CI: 12.5-61.6%) ≥180 days compared to naïve participants who were unvaccinated/received a monovalent vaccine dose ≥180 days prior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adults with both prior infection and recent vaccination had high protection against infection and symptomatic illness. Recent vaccination alone provided moderate protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A surrogate ELISA to select high titer human convalescent plasma for treating immunocompromised patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.","authors":"Victoria Dolange, Stefan Slamanig, Adam Abdeljawad, Tsoi Lai Ying, Nicholas Lemus, Gagandeep Singh, Juan Manuel Carreño, Anass Abad, Komal Srivastava, Viviana Simon, Jaiprasath Sachithanandham, Andrew Pekosz, David Sullivan, Florian Krammer, Weina Sun, Peter Palese, Irene González-Domínguez","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants poses a new challenge for the treatment of immunocompromised patients against COVID-19. In this context, high titer COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) is one of the few available therapeutics for these patients. We have revisited the selection of CCP samples and its efficacy against Omicron XBB.1.5 variant, dominant strain in 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We have reviewed a surrogate enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to select CCP samples that will guarantee a protective level of neutralizing antibodies as the main correlate of protection. We analyzed antibody titers in 500 serum samples from a population-based serosurvey at Mount Sinai Hospital collected in early 2023 and validated the results with a set of CCP samples (collected 2020-2023) and confirmed its protection in an immunosuppressed mouse model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By using logistic regression modeling, we have redefined the definition of high titer CCP against the new variant in the post-pandemic era, where over 97% of the population have natural or vaccine-induced antibodies against the first SARS-CoV-2 strains. We next developed a new immunocompromised mouse model to validate the CCP in vivo against emerging variants. Equivalent to the two CCP units recommended for human use, the treatment of immunocompromised mice with two doses (100µL/dose) of CCP plasma via intraperitoneal injection showed a 46-fold reduction in lung viral titers 3-days-post-XBB.1.5-infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We believe the present results will guide future efforts in the selection of high titer CCP against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of invasive group B Streptococcus in South Africa, 2019-2020.","authors":"Buhle Ntozini, Sibongile Walaza, Benjamin Metcalf, Scott Hazelhurst, Linda de Gouveia, Susan Meiring, Dineo Mogale, Senzo Mtshali, Arshad Ismail, Kedibone Ndlangisa, Mignon Du Plessis, Vanessa Quan, Sopio Chochua, Lesley McGee, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae633","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis and sepsis and an important cause of disease in adults. Capsular polysaccharide and protein-based GBS vaccines are currently under development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through national laboratory-based surveillance, invasive GBS isolates were collected from patients of all ages between 2019 and 2020. Phenotypic serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted, followed by whole-genome sequencing for analysis of population structure and surface protein and resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1748 invasive GBS cases were reported. Of these, 661 isolates underwent characterization, with 658 yielding both phenotypic and genotypic results. Isolates (n=658) belonged to five clonal complexes (CC1, CC8/10, CC17, CC19, and CC23) and six serotypes were detected: III (42.8%), Ia (27.9%), V (11.9%), II (8.4%), Ib (6.7%), and IV (2.3%). Phenotypically, only one isolate exhibited reduced penicillin susceptibility (MIC 0.25ug/ml). Phenotypic resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline was observed in 16.1%, 3.8%, and 91.5% of isolates, respectively. ermTR (34.9%) and mefA/E (30.1%) genes were most common among erythromycin-resistant isolates, while ermB predominated clindamycin-resistant isolates (32.0%). tetM accounted for 95.8% of tetracycline resistance. All isolates carried at least one of the three pilus gene clusters, one of the four homologous alpha/Rib family determinants, and 98% harbored one of the serine-rich repeat protein genes. hvgA was found exclusively in CC17 isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our setting, β-lactam antibiotics remain appropriate for GBS treatment and polysaccharide and protein-based vaccines under development are expected to provide good coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}