Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Nobel Symposium on Metamaterials Science and Technology","authors":"Rachel Won","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00343-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00343-1","url":null,"abstract":"The Nobel Symposium on Metamaterials Science and Technology: Structuring Light and Sound in Space and Time offered a timely reflection on how far metamaterials have come, from a provocative concept in wave control to a broad scientific framework for designing physical functionality and opening new technological opportunities.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 10","pages":"619-620"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44287-026-00343-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metamaterials in motion","authors":"David R. Smith, Rachel Won","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00341-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00341-3","url":null,"abstract":"As metamaterials become tunable and reconfigurable, they are opening new routes to control waves directly within materials and enable new device architectures. David R. Smith reflects on the physics, applications, commercial impacts and translation challenges shaping the next stage of the field.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 10","pages":"617-618"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metamaterials take on time","authors":"John B. Pendry, Rachel Won","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00340-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00340-4","url":null,"abstract":"Sir John B. Pendry explains how dynamic metamaterials — from tunable structures to true space–time-modulated media — could transform the control of light and sound, opening opportunities in communications, computing and acoustic engineering while revealing physics inaccessible to static materials.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 10","pages":"615-616"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional optical singularities and their applications","authors":"Soon Wei Daniel Lim, Christina M. Spaegele, Federico Capasso","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00331-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00331-5","url":null,"abstract":"Optical singularities are positions in an electromagnetic field in which a parameter such as phase or polarization becomes undefined. These singularities confine light tightly and surround it with steep field gradients, properties now exploited in super-resolution microscopy, sensing and communication. The features themselves have been catalogued for decades under an expanding and partially inconsistent nomenclature. This proliferation of names obscures how few field parameters can be singular and can make it hard to design a singularity. This Review presents an application-driven and mathematically accessible framework in which any singular field reduces to a finite set of fundamental, generic singularities. The robustness of these singularities against small perturbations follows from a topology set by the dimensions of the spaces in which they are defined. We examine forward and inverse methods for designing both stable and unstable singularities, survey their uses across disciplines and consider how higher-dimensional singularities might be reached. Optical singularities — positions in which electromagnetic parameters become undefined — are finding use in super-resolution microscopy, sensing and communication, because they confine light tightly and make its properties vary sharply nearby. Advances in subwavelength wavefront control have widened the range we can build and brought these structures within reach of design.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 10","pages":"637-650"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light field detection in the age of artificial intelligence","authors":"Weiwei Cai, Yiru Zhang, Enbo Yang, Zesheng Chen, Zhiying Song, Ni Chen, Lei Jin, Zongyin Yang, Zhipei Sun, Tawfique Hasan","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00328-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00328-0","url":null,"abstract":"Light carries information across intensity, phase, spectrum, polarization, space and time, yet a conventional photodetector typically produces only a scalar photocurrent. Computational light field detection addresses this mismatch by encoding multidimensional optical information into compact measurements that can be reconstructed algorithmically. Artificial intelligence is playing a central role in reshaping both sides of this process. For the optical front end, learned surrogate and generative models not only reduce the computational burden of nanophotonic design but also open much larger design spaces, including complex, non-intuitive structures. Reconstruction presents a different challenge. No single model class is optimal across all sensing regimes, but machine learning offers flexible routes to recover multidimensional information from sparse or compressed measurements. Despite these advances, hardware and algorithms are still largely optimized separately, limiting system-level performance. This limitation motivates a shift towards co-design. Differentiable digital twins provide a framework for this integration through co-optimization of encoder parameters and reconstruction models. Physics-based formulations can go further, incorporating experimental error sources and estimating reconstruction uncertainty. The prospect is compelling, indicating a new generation of compact, adaptable detectors for multidimensional light sensing. Their real-world impact will ultimately depend on generalization, physical consistency, interpretability and robustness to discrepancies between digital models and physical hardware. Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping computational light field detection by improving optical encoding and algorithmic reconstruction. This Review examines AI-enabled encoder design, multidimensional reconstruction and differentiable digital twins for joint hardware–software optimization, alongside the challenges that must be overcome for reliable deployment.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 10","pages":"622-636"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping excitonic landscapes in twisted MoS2 bilayers","authors":"Miranda L. Vinay","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00338-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00338-y","url":null,"abstract":"Room-temperature photocurrent atomic force microscopy (pc-AFM) maps excitons within individual unit cells of 2° twisted bilayer MoS2, revealing site-selective confinement. The findings provide microscopic insight into moiré exciton landscapes and could guide the design of programmable optoelectronic and excitonic devices.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 10","pages":"621-621"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2026)","authors":"Rachel Won","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00329-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00329-z","url":null,"abstract":"ICRA 2026 highlighted a decisive shift – future systems must be designed not only for autonomy and performance, but also for energy efficiency, material responsibility and sustainable lifecycles.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 9","pages":"548-548"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cracking-assisted transfer printing for high-resolution full-colour displays","authors":"Rachel Won","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00330-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00330-6","url":null,"abstract":"A paper in Nature Electronics reports a cracking-assisted transfer printing method that enables precise, high-resolution patterning of quantum dots (QDs) for full-colour QD-LED displays for future augmented reality/virtual reality and large-area display applications.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 9","pages":"550-550"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering two-dimensional electronic biosensors","authors":"Md Mehdi Hasan, Huilu Bao, Verónica Montes-García, Yucheng Zhang, Jinglei Ping, Paolo Samorì, Xiangfeng Duan, Dmitry Kireev","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00326-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00326-2","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of exceptional electrical, mechanical, geometrical and chemical properties of two-dimensional materials has enabled highly sensitive detection of biological and environmental signals and opened new frontiers in biosensing. Graphene has pioneered much of this progress, yet the broader landscape of two-dimensional materials, comprising hundreds of experimentally validated and thousands of theoretically predicted materials, offers vast, largely untapped potential. The field is now at a critical stage where device sensitivity must be matched by improvements in selectivity, stability, reproducibility and operation under physiological conditions. This Perspective reviews the current state-of-the-art in two-dimensional materials-based biosensors, highlighting their key advances and drawbacks. We argue that further progress will depend on linking biosensing performance more directly to the intrinsic structures and properties of individual materials. Emerging strategies to overcome persistent challenges, such as biocompatibility, selectivity, functionalization, drift, reproducibility and stability under physiological conditions will be central to translating laboratory demonstrations into reliable translational sensing technologies. The diversity of two-dimensional materials also creates opportunities to move beyond graphene and match specific material properties to unique sensing functions. Their integration into flexible and portable point-of-care devices would support applications ranging from continuous health monitoring to the Internet of Medical Things. Two-dimensional materials offer exclusive electronic and chemical properties for biosensing. This Perspective outlines their fundamental principles, functionalization strategies and applications, and discusses key challenges and opportunities for translating these platforms into real-world use.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 10","pages":"663-679"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-horizon resilience of power systems under climate change","authors":"Jiaqi Ruan, Yishao Li, Chenjia Gu, Youwei Jia, Jianxiao Wang, Zhengyang Hu, Zhao Xu, Hui Su, Tek Tjing Lie, Jie Song","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00322-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00322-6","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, resilience in power systems has been framed as an event-based outcome: the response of a system to an individual extreme weather event. Climate change makes that framing untenable. As extreme weather evolves and its uncertainties compound across decades, resilience measured event by event becomes variable and difficult to interpret, and offers no reliable basis for long-term planning. In this Review we argue that resilience must be redefined as a long-horizon, event-independent property that governs power system performance across the range of futures a system may encounter. We formulate this concept of long-horizon resilience, set it against the event-based paradigm it replaces and develop a unified framework for studying, gauging and reinforcing it. We then set out the scientific challenges this shift raises and a research agenda to address them. This reframing provides a conceptual basis for the climate adaptation of future power systems. Power system resilience has conventionally been measured against individual extreme weather events. As climate change moves that weather beyond the historical record, this Review argues for resilience redefined over long horizons and sets out a framework and research agenda for studying it.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 10","pages":"651-662"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}