{"title":"Programmable sound bubble headsets","authors":"Silvia Conti","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00128-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00128-4","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Electronics presents a headset with customizable real-time sound bubbles that adapt to user needs.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 12","pages":"766-766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers","authors":"Susumu Noda, Masahiro Yoshida, Takuya Inoue, Menaka De Zoysa, Kenji Ishizaki, Ryoichi Sakata","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00113-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00113-x","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance lasers are important to realize a range of applications including smart mobility and smart manufacturing, for example, through their uses in key technologies such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and laser processing. However, existing lasers have a number of performance limitations that hinder their practical use. For example, conventional semiconductor lasers are associated with low brightness and low functionality, even though they are compact and highly efficient. Conventional semiconductor lasers therefore require external optics and mechanical elements for reshaping and scanning of emitted beams, resulting in large, complicated systems for various practical uses. Furthermore, even with such external elements, the brightness of these lasers cannot be sufficiently increased for use in laser processing. Similarly, gas and solid-state lasers, while having high-brightness, are also large and complicated. Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) boast both high brightness and high functionality while maintaining the merits of semiconductor lasers, and thus PCSELs are solutions to the issues of existing laser technologies. In this Review, we discuss recent progress of PCSELs towards high-brightness and high-functionality operations. We then elaborate on new trends such as short-pulse and short-wavelength operations as well as the combination with machine learning and quantum technologies. Finally, we outline future research directions of PCSELs with regard to various applications, including not only LiDAR and laser processing, as described above, but also communications, mobile technologies, and even aerospace and laser fusion. This Review surveys recent progress in photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser development and applications, including high-brightness, high-functionality, short-pulse and short-wavelength operations, and smart integration with machine learning.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 12","pages":"802-814"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient metal recovery from lithium-ion batteries using plastics","authors":"Lishu Wu","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00127-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00127-5","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Communications Engineering presents a method for recovering 99% of valuable metals (Li, Ni, Co, and Mn) from LiNixCoyMnzO2 battery cathodes using synergistic pyrolysis.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 12","pages":"767-767"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The future of 2D spintronics","authors":"Tiancheng Song, Xiaodong Xu","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00115-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00115-9","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advances in van der Waals magnets provide a platform for exploring spintronics in the 2D limit. Leveraging the unique properties of 2D magnets with new tuning knobs could see 2D spintronics find its applications in both quantum and classic information processing.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 11","pages":"696-697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spintronics for ultra-low-power circuits and systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00119-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00119-5","url":null,"abstract":"Spintronic devices that leverage electron spins for information processing offer a new frontier for ultra-low-power circuits and systems for beyond-CMOS technology. Spintronic devices that leverage electron spins for information processing offer a new frontier for ultra-low-power circuits and systems for beyond-CMOS technology.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 11","pages":"691-691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44287-024-00119-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory technology status and future directions","authors":"Daniel C. Worledge, Guohan Hu","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00111-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00111-z","url":null,"abstract":"Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) is a non-volatile memory technology with a unique combination of speed, endurance, density and ease of fabrication, which has enabled it to recently replace embedded Flash as the embedded non-volatile memory of choice for advanced applications, including automotive microcontroller units. In this Review, we describe the working principles of STT-MRAM, and provide a brief history of its development. We then discuss the requirements, product status and outlook for four key STT-MRAM applications: stand-alone, embedded non-volatile memory, non-volatile working memory and last-level cache. Finally, we review potential future directions beyond STT-MRAM, including spin–orbit torque MRAM (SOT-MRAM) and voltage control of magnetic anisotropy MRAM (VCMA-MRAM), with an emphasis on their technological potential. Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) has recently replaced embedded Flash as the embedded non-volatile memory of choice for advanced applications. This Review discusses STT-MRAM history, operation, application requirements, product status and potential future directions.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 11","pages":"730-747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tim A. Coombs, Qi Wang, Adil Shah, Jintao Hu, Luning Hao, Ismail Patel, Haigening Wei, Yuyang Wu, Thomas Coombs, Wei Wang
{"title":"High-temperature superconductors and their large-scale applications","authors":"Tim A. Coombs, Qi Wang, Adil Shah, Jintao Hu, Luning Hao, Ismail Patel, Haigening Wei, Yuyang Wu, Thomas Coombs, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00112-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00112-y","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, superconductor materials have promised high power, high efficiency and compact machines. However, as of 2024, commercial applications are limited. One of the few successful examples is represented by low-temperature superconductor (LTS) materials that are used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hospitals worldwide. High-temperature superconductors (HTSs) can support currents and magnetic fields at least an order of magnitude higher than those available from LTSs and non-superconducting conventional materials, such as copper. However, HTSs are seldom used, even if there are important areas where these materials could perform better than conventional ones or LTSs. For example, HTSs can replace conventional materials in wind turbines and aeroplane motor engines to improve power-to-weight ratios. In tokamak fusion reactors, HTSs might enable sustainable positive power outputs. Additionally, in medicine, HTSs might replace LTSs for smaller MRI machines, producing high-resolution images, without the need to use a scarce resource such as helium (fundamental for LTSs). The primary barriers to deployment are alternating current loss, quench, heat losses and costs. Developments in HTS manufacture have the potential to overcome these barriers. In this Review, we set out the problems, describe the potential of the technology and offer (some) solutions. High-temperature superconductors are now used mostly in large-scale applications, such as magnets and scientific apparatus. Overcoming barriers such as alternating current losses, or high manufacturing costs, will enable many more applications such as motors, generators and fusion reactors.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 12","pages":"788-801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leyi Loh, Junyong Wang, Magdalena Grzeszczyk, Maciej Koperski, Goki Eda
{"title":"Towards quantum light-emitting devices based on van der Waals materials","authors":"Leyi Loh, Junyong Wang, Magdalena Grzeszczyk, Maciej Koperski, Goki Eda","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00108-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00108-8","url":null,"abstract":"Van der Waals (vdW) materials have emerged as a promising platform for the generation of single-photon emitters, attracting considerable interest in the past several years. This diverse material class presents intriguing prospects for quantum technologies owing to their facile integration and highly tunable properties. The development of quantum light-emitting devices (QLEDs) — optoelectronic components capable of electrically triggering single-photon emission on demand — represents a crucial step towards practical implementation. Reports on such devices, however, remain sparse despite the rapid advancements in the generation and characterization of single-photon emitters in recent years. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the current landscape in QLED development, comparing the attributes of vdW materials with those of their predecessors, such as quantum dots and diamond. We discuss device architectures and design principles for spatially and energetically targeted electrical excitation of quantum emitters. Lastly, we highlight the prevailing challenges and distinctive opportunities that vdW materials present for the development of quantum light sources, shedding light on the path to continued innovation in device architectures within the field. Quantum light-emitting devices (QLEDs) are essential for scalable on-chip quantum technologies. This Perspective analyses electrical pumping and quantum confinement schemes enabled by van der Waals materials and explores how they can be harnessed for the advancement of QLED development.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 12","pages":"815-829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perpendicularly magnetized materials for energy-efficient orbitronics","authors":"Olga Bubnova","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00120-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00120-y","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications presents the orbital torque switching in light metal Zr systems with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy ferromagnetic materials.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 11","pages":"699-699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spintronic neural systems","authors":"Kaushik Roy, Cheng Wang, Sourjya Roy, Anand Raghunathan, Kezhou Yang, Abhronil Sengupta","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00107-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00107-9","url":null,"abstract":"Neural computing, guided by brain-inspired computational frameworks, promises to realize various cognitive and perception-related tasks. Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-based computing machines use orders-of-magnitude more computational resources than the brain on cognitive tasks that humans efficiently perform every day. As a result, we are witnessing a seismic shift in the field of computation. Research efforts are being directed to develop artificial intelligence (AI) hardware that mimics the human brain from a bottom-up perspective — through devices that are more naturally suited to neural computation — and thereby improves the efficiency of performing cognitive tasks. In the attempt to bridge the gap between neuroscience and electronics, here we report on developments in the field of spintronic devices for AI hardware. The dynamics of spintronic devices that can be used for the realization of neural and synaptic functionalities are discussed. A cross-layer perspective extending from the device to the circuit and system levels as a pathway towards efficient neural computing systems is also presented. Spintronic devices for artificial intelligence hardware can bridge the gap between neuroscience and electronics. Here we discuss the dynamics of such devices, enabling neural and synaptic functionalities, alongside a cross-layer approach — from devices to circuits and systems — for efficient neural computing systems.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 11","pages":"714-729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
