Journal of Motor Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Type II Diabetes on Proprioception during a Reach to Pinch Task.","authors":"Lauren I Gulley Cox, Nicholas Dias, Chuan Zhang, Yingchun Zhang, Stacey L Gorniak","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2285888","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2285888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults with type II diabetes (T2D) are at risk of developing nerve disorders that result in functional impairment. Most work in proprioceptive dysfunction in older adults with T2D has focused on functional deficits of the lower limb. The purpose of this study was to examine proprioceptive effects of T2D on the upper limb in older adults. Kinematic performance of a reach-to-pinch action toward a virtual target was assessed in a T2D group (60+ years old with T2D) and a healthy age- and sex-matched control group. Tactile and vibratory thresholds did not differ between T2D and controls. Task accuracy via mean pinch location was significantly worse for persons with T2D (pwT2D) with differences in wrist extension/flexion (ex/fl), wrist abduction/adduction (ab/ad), 1st carpometacarpal (CMC) ab/ad, 2nd metacarpophalangeal (MCP2) ex/fl, MCP2 ab/ad, and digit 1 and hand transport trajectories. Group differences persisted with consideration of body mass index; sex differences in task accuracy emerged. Findings indicate that proprioception of the upper extremity is altered in pwT2D such that they exhibit a unique aperture position and aiming strategy during a reach-to-pinch action. These findings characterize functional sensorimotor impairment of the upper limb in pwT2D with respect to workspaces without visual or tactile feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"263-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10957313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Information Processing in Older Adults: Force Control and Motor Unit Pool Modulation.","authors":"MinHyuk Kwon, Evangelos A Christou","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2298888","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2298888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased visual information about a task impairs force control in older adults. To date, however, it remains unclear how increased visual information changes the activation of the motor unit pool differently for young and older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how increased visual information alters the activation of the motor neuron pool and influences force control in older adults. Fifteen older adults (66-86 years, seven women) and fifteen young adults (18-30 years, eight women) conducted a submaximal constant force task (15% of maximum) with ankle dorsiflexion for 20 s. The visual information processing was manipulated by changing the amount of force visual feedback into a low-gain (0.05°) or high-gain (1.2°) condition. Older adults exhibited greater force variability, especially at high-gain visual feedback. This exacerbated force variability from low- to high-gain visual feedback was associated with modulations of multiple motor units, not single motor units. Specifically, increased modulation of multiple motor units from 10 to 35 Hz may contribute to the amplification in force variability. Therefore, our findings suggest evidence that high-gain visual feedback amplifies force variability of older adults which is related to increases in the activation of motor neuron pool from 10 to 35 Hz.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"330-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11006344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139059005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Force Generation and Preparatory Prefrontal Oxygenation in Ballistic Hand Power and Precision Grips.","authors":"Akari Ogawa, Mizuki Sakamoto, Amiri Matsumoto, Tetsuei Okusaki, Ren Sasaya, Keisuke Irie, Nan Liang","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2283541","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2283541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It remains unclear whether accurate motor performance and cortical activation differ among grasping forms across several force levels. In the present study, a ballistic target force matching task (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximum voluntary force) with power grip, side pinch, and pulp pinch was utilized to explore the accuracy of the forces generated as well as the muscular activity of intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles. By using near-infrared spectroscopy, we also examined bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation during the preparatory phase (initial 10 s) of the task. The accuracy of the power grip and pulp pinch was relatively higher than that of the side pinch, and the electromyographic activity of intrinsic hand muscles exhibited a similar trend for power grip and side pinch, while the opposite muscle recruitment pattern was observed for pulp pinch. The increment of DLPFC oxygenation across force levels differed among grasping forms, with greater activity at relatively higher levels in the power grip and side pinch, and at relatively lower levels in the pulp pinch. Taken together, the differential contribution of the DLPFC may be responsible for force generation depending on different grasping forms and force levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"226-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye Movement Differences in Contact Versus Non-Contact Olympic Athletes.","authors":"Nicholas P Murray, Melissa Hunfalvay, Christopher Mesagno, Brittany Trotter, Eva V Monsma, Ethan Greenstein, Frederick Robert Carrick","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2388769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2388769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in oculomotor functioning between Olympic-level contact and non-contact sports participants. In total, 67 male and female Olympic-level contact (<i>n</i> = 27) and non-contact (<i>n</i> = 40) athletes completed oculomotor tasks, including Horizontal Saccade (HS), Circular Smooth Pursuit (CSP), Horizontal Smooth Pursuit (HSP), and Vertical Smooth Pursuit (VSP) using a remote eye tracker. No significant differences for sex or age occurred. Each variable indicated higher scores for contact compared to non-contact athletes (<i>p</i> < .05) except for VSP Pathway differences and CSP Synchronization. A logistic regression was performed to determine the degree that HS measures, CSP synchronization, and VSP pathway predicted sport type. The model was significant, <i>χ²</i>(6) = 37.08, <i>p</i> < .001, explaining 57.4% of the variance and correctly classified 88.1% of cases. The sensitivity was 87.5% and specificity was 88.9%. CSP synchronization did not increase the likelihood of participating in a contact sport. This was the first study to identify oculomotor differences between Olympic athletes of contact and non-contact sports, which adds to the growing evidence that oculomotor functioning may be a reliable, quick, real-time tool to help detect mTBI in sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"752-759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Inclination for Conscious Movement Monitoring and Control and Stopping a Golf Stroke.","authors":"Yihong You, John van der Kamp, Geert Savelsbergh","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2375569","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2375569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased conscious movement monitoring and control can impair sports performance. Recent evidence indicates it might facilitate stopping motor actions. To further investigate, we asked novices to putt balls, but they needed to stop promptly while an auditory cue appeared during the downswing. They also completed the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale, which measures movement self-consciousness (MS-C) and conscious motor processing, indicating the degree of inclination for conscious movement monitoring and control, respectively. Individuals with high MS-C displayed higher stopping rates but longer stopping time. Further exploration suggests that they were more likely to make slow downswings, allowing successful but late stops. We conclude that increased conscious movement monitoring may affect movement execution in such a way that it affords better stopping of ongoing motor actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"714-726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy in Electroencephalographic Signals Modulates with Force Magnitude During Grasping - A Preliminary Report.","authors":"Nishant Rao, Andrew Paek, Jose L Contreras-Vidal, Pranav J Parikh","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2373241","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2373241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to hold objects relies on neural processes underlying grip force control during grasping. Brain activity lateralized to contralateral hemisphere averaged over trials is associated with grip force applied on an object. However, the involvement of neural variability within-trial during grip force control remains unclear. We examined dependence of neural variability over frontal, central, and parietal regions of interest (ROI) on grip force magnitude using noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG). We utilized our existing EEG dataset comprised of healthy young adults performing an isometric force control task, cued to exert 5, 10, or 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) across trials and received visual feedback of their grip force. We quantified variability in EEG signal via sample entropy (sequence-dependent) and standard deviation (sequence-independent measure) over ROI. We found lateralized modulation in EEG sample entropy with force magnitude over central electrodes but not over frontal or parietal electrodes. However, modulation was not observed for standard deviation in the EEG activity. These findings highlight lateralized and spatially constrained modulation in sequence-dependent, but not sequence-independent component of EEG variability. We contextualize these findings in applications requiring finer precision (e.g., prosthesis), and propose directions for future studies investigating role of neural entropy in behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"665-677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Muscle Fatigue on the Knee Proprioception: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Joana Azevedo, Isabel Moreira-Silva, Adérito Seixas, Pedro Fonseca, José Oliveira, João Paulo Vilas-Boas","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2341753","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2341753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the evidence about the effect of muscle fatigue on the knee proprioception of trained and non-trained individuals. A search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCO databases and Google Scholar was conducted using the expression: \"fatigue\" AND (\"proprioception\" OR \"position sense\" OR \"repositioning\" OR \"kinesthesia\" OR \"detection of passive motion\" OR \"force sense\" OR \"sense of resistance\") AND \"knee\". Forty-two studies were included. Regarding joint-position sense, higher repositioning errors were reported after local and general protocols. Kinesthesia seems to be more affected when fatigue is induced locally, and force sense when assessed at higher target forces and after eccentric protocols. Muscle fatigue, both induced locally or generally, has a negative impact on the knee proprioception.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"772-804"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Anticipatory Cues During Practice Disrupt Intentional and Incidental Sequence Learning.","authors":"Stephan F Dahm, Daniel Krause","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2369183","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2369183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Serial Reaction Time Task, participants respond to several stimuli usually being unaware that the stimuli follow a predefined sequence while still learning the sequence. In the present study, we aimed to clearly separate explicit intentional learning from implicit incidental learning by either informing participants about all details of the sequence or not informing participants about the existence of the sequence. Further, we explored the influence of anticipatory cues during practice while anticipatory cues were either presented (extrinsically triggered anticipation) or not presented (self-reliant intrinsic anticipation). Participants were tested before and after practice in the Practice Sequence and a Control Sequence. To test automatization, tests were performed in Single-Task and Dual-Task Blocks. Results showed that after learning with explicit instructions, participants memorized the sequence more deeply and executed the sequence faster than after learning without explicit instructions. Further, by learning with anticipatory cues, participants memorized the sequence less deeply and executed the sequence slower than by learning without anticipatory cues. Unexpectedly, automatization was sequence-unspecific and independent of the practice conditions. In conclusion, detailed explicit prior information about the sequence facilitates sequence learning while anticipatory online cues during practice hamper sequence learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"626-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Strength and Skill Training on the Cortical and Spinal Circuits of Contralateral Limb.","authors":"Antonio Capozio, Samit Chakrabarty, Sarah Astill","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2265316","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2265316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unilateral strength and skill training increase strength and performance in the contralateral untrained limb, a phenomenon known as cross-education. Recent evidence suggests that similar neural mechanisms might be responsible for the increase in strength and skill observed in the untrained hand after unimanual training. The aims of this study were to: investigate whether a single session of unimanual strength and skill (force-tracking) training increased strength and skill in the opposite hand; measure ipsilateral (untrained) brain (<i>via</i> transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) and spinal (<i>via</i> the monosynaptic reflex) changes in excitability occurring after training; measure ipsilateral (untrained) pathway-specific changes in neural excitability (<i>via</i> TMS-conditioning of the monosynaptic reflex) occurring after training. Participants (<i>N</i> = 13) completed a session of unimanual strength (ballistic isometric wrist flexions) and skill (force-tracking wrist flexions) training on two separate days. Strength increased after training in the untrained hand (<i>p</i> = 0.025) but not in the trained hand (<i>p</i> = 0.611). Force-tracking performance increased in both the trained (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and untrained (<i>p</i> = 0.010) hand. Corticospinal excitability increased after force-tracking and strength training <i>(p</i> = 0.027), while spinal excitability was not affected <i>(p</i> = 0.214). TMS-conditioned monosynaptic reflex increased after force-tracking (<i>p</i> = 0.001) but not strength training <i>(p</i> = 0.689), suggesting a possible role of polysynaptic pathways in the increase of cortical excitability observed after training. The results suggest that cross-education of strength and skill at the acute stage is supported by increased excitability of the untrained motor cortex.<i>New & Noteworthy:</i> A single session of isometric wrist flexion strength and skill straining increased strength and skill in the untrained limb. The excitability of the untrained motor cortex increased after strength and skill training. TMS-conditioned H-reflexes increased after skill but not strength training in the untrained hand, indicating that polysynaptic pathways in the increase of cortical excitability observed after skill training.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41138628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant Sitting and Multi-Directional Reaching Skill.","authors":"Jaya Rachwani, Victor Santamaria, Xupeng Ai, Sara Ahlouche, Laura Caba, Antonia Palazzolo, Jenniffer Ramirez, Sunil Agrawal","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2262428","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2262428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We tested twenty-one 6- to 10-month-old infants with a wide range of sitting experience in forward and rightward reaching during unsupported sitting on the floor. Sessions were video-recorded for further behavioral and machine learning-based kinematic analyses. All infants, including novice sitters, successfully touched and grasped toys in both directions. Infant falls, hand support, and base of support changes were rare. Infants with more sitting experience showed better upright posture than novice sitters. However, we found no differences in trunk displacement or reaching kinematics between directions or across sitting experience. Thus, multi-directional reaching is functional in both novice and experienced infant sitters. We suggest that trunk and arm stability in sagittal and frontal planes is integral to learning to sit.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41150631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}