Journal of Motor Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Eye Movement Differences in Contact Versus Non-Contact Olympic Athletes.","authors":"Nicholas P Murray, Melissa Hunfalvay, Christopher Mesagno, Brittany Trotter, Eva V Monsma, Ethan Greenstein, Frederick Robert Carrick","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2388769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2388769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in oculomotor functioning between Olympic-level contact and non-contact sports participants. In total, 67 male and female Olympic-level contact (<i>n</i> = 27) and non-contact (<i>n</i> = 40) athletes completed oculomotor tasks, including Horizontal Saccade (HS), Circular Smooth Pursuit (CSP), Horizontal Smooth Pursuit (HSP), and Vertical Smooth Pursuit (VSP) using a remote eye tracker. No significant differences for sex or age occurred. Each variable indicated higher scores for contact compared to non-contact athletes (<i>p</i> < .05) except for VSP Pathway differences and CSP Synchronization. A logistic regression was performed to determine the degree that HS measures, CSP synchronization, and VSP pathway predicted sport type. The model was significant, <i>χ²</i>(6) = 37.08, <i>p</i> < .001, explaining 57.4% of the variance and correctly classified 88.1% of cases. The sensitivity was 87.5% and specificity was 88.9%. CSP synchronization did not increase the likelihood of participating in a contact sport. This was the first study to identify oculomotor differences between Olympic athletes of contact and non-contact sports, which adds to the growing evidence that oculomotor functioning may be a reliable, quick, real-time tool to help detect mTBI in sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"752-759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Inclination for Conscious Movement Monitoring and Control and Stopping a Golf Stroke.","authors":"Yihong You, John van der Kamp, Geert Savelsbergh","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2375569","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2375569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased conscious movement monitoring and control can impair sports performance. Recent evidence indicates it might facilitate stopping motor actions. To further investigate, we asked novices to putt balls, but they needed to stop promptly while an auditory cue appeared during the downswing. They also completed the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale, which measures movement self-consciousness (MS-C) and conscious motor processing, indicating the degree of inclination for conscious movement monitoring and control, respectively. Individuals with high MS-C displayed higher stopping rates but longer stopping time. Further exploration suggests that they were more likely to make slow downswings, allowing successful but late stops. We conclude that increased conscious movement monitoring may affect movement execution in such a way that it affords better stopping of ongoing motor actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"714-726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy in Electroencephalographic Signals Modulates with Force Magnitude During Grasping - A Preliminary Report.","authors":"Nishant Rao, Andrew Paek, Jose L Contreras-Vidal, Pranav J Parikh","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2373241","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2373241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to hold objects relies on neural processes underlying grip force control during grasping. Brain activity lateralized to contralateral hemisphere averaged over trials is associated with grip force applied on an object. However, the involvement of neural variability within-trial during grip force control remains unclear. We examined dependence of neural variability over frontal, central, and parietal regions of interest (ROI) on grip force magnitude using noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG). We utilized our existing EEG dataset comprised of healthy young adults performing an isometric force control task, cued to exert 5, 10, or 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) across trials and received visual feedback of their grip force. We quantified variability in EEG signal via sample entropy (sequence-dependent) and standard deviation (sequence-independent measure) over ROI. We found lateralized modulation in EEG sample entropy with force magnitude over central electrodes but not over frontal or parietal electrodes. However, modulation was not observed for standard deviation in the EEG activity. These findings highlight lateralized and spatially constrained modulation in sequence-dependent, but not sequence-independent component of EEG variability. We contextualize these findings in applications requiring finer precision (e.g., prosthesis), and propose directions for future studies investigating role of neural entropy in behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"665-677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Muscle Fatigue on the Knee Proprioception: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Joana Azevedo, Isabel Moreira-Silva, Adérito Seixas, Pedro Fonseca, José Oliveira, João Paulo Vilas-Boas","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2341753","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2341753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the evidence about the effect of muscle fatigue on the knee proprioception of trained and non-trained individuals. A search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCO databases and Google Scholar was conducted using the expression: \"fatigue\" AND (\"proprioception\" OR \"position sense\" OR \"repositioning\" OR \"kinesthesia\" OR \"detection of passive motion\" OR \"force sense\" OR \"sense of resistance\") AND \"knee\". Forty-two studies were included. Regarding joint-position sense, higher repositioning errors were reported after local and general protocols. Kinesthesia seems to be more affected when fatigue is induced locally, and force sense when assessed at higher target forces and after eccentric protocols. Muscle fatigue, both induced locally or generally, has a negative impact on the knee proprioception.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"772-804"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Anticipatory Cues During Practice Disrupt Intentional and Incidental Sequence Learning.","authors":"Stephan F Dahm, Daniel Krause","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2369183","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2369183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Serial Reaction Time Task, participants respond to several stimuli usually being unaware that the stimuli follow a predefined sequence while still learning the sequence. In the present study, we aimed to clearly separate explicit intentional learning from implicit incidental learning by either informing participants about all details of the sequence or not informing participants about the existence of the sequence. Further, we explored the influence of anticipatory cues during practice while anticipatory cues were either presented (extrinsically triggered anticipation) or not presented (self-reliant intrinsic anticipation). Participants were tested before and after practice in the Practice Sequence and a Control Sequence. To test automatization, tests were performed in Single-Task and Dual-Task Blocks. Results showed that after learning with explicit instructions, participants memorized the sequence more deeply and executed the sequence faster than after learning without explicit instructions. Further, by learning with anticipatory cues, participants memorized the sequence less deeply and executed the sequence slower than by learning without anticipatory cues. Unexpectedly, automatization was sequence-unspecific and independent of the practice conditions. In conclusion, detailed explicit prior information about the sequence facilitates sequence learning while anticipatory online cues during practice hamper sequence learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"626-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Strength and Skill Training on the Cortical and Spinal Circuits of Contralateral Limb.","authors":"Antonio Capozio, Samit Chakrabarty, Sarah Astill","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2265316","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2265316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unilateral strength and skill training increase strength and performance in the contralateral untrained limb, a phenomenon known as cross-education. Recent evidence suggests that similar neural mechanisms might be responsible for the increase in strength and skill observed in the untrained hand after unimanual training. The aims of this study were to: investigate whether a single session of unimanual strength and skill (force-tracking) training increased strength and skill in the opposite hand; measure ipsilateral (untrained) brain (<i>via</i> transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) and spinal (<i>via</i> the monosynaptic reflex) changes in excitability occurring after training; measure ipsilateral (untrained) pathway-specific changes in neural excitability (<i>via</i> TMS-conditioning of the monosynaptic reflex) occurring after training. Participants (<i>N</i> = 13) completed a session of unimanual strength (ballistic isometric wrist flexions) and skill (force-tracking wrist flexions) training on two separate days. Strength increased after training in the untrained hand (<i>p</i> = 0.025) but not in the trained hand (<i>p</i> = 0.611). Force-tracking performance increased in both the trained (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and untrained (<i>p</i> = 0.010) hand. Corticospinal excitability increased after force-tracking and strength training <i>(p</i> = 0.027), while spinal excitability was not affected <i>(p</i> = 0.214). TMS-conditioned monosynaptic reflex increased after force-tracking (<i>p</i> = 0.001) but not strength training <i>(p</i> = 0.689), suggesting a possible role of polysynaptic pathways in the increase of cortical excitability observed after training. The results suggest that cross-education of strength and skill at the acute stage is supported by increased excitability of the untrained motor cortex.<i>New & Noteworthy:</i> A single session of isometric wrist flexion strength and skill straining increased strength and skill in the untrained limb. The excitability of the untrained motor cortex increased after strength and skill training. TMS-conditioned H-reflexes increased after skill but not strength training in the untrained hand, indicating that polysynaptic pathways in the increase of cortical excitability observed after skill training.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41138628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant Sitting and Multi-Directional Reaching Skill.","authors":"Jaya Rachwani, Victor Santamaria, Xupeng Ai, Sara Ahlouche, Laura Caba, Antonia Palazzolo, Jenniffer Ramirez, Sunil Agrawal","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2262428","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2262428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We tested twenty-one 6- to 10-month-old infants with a wide range of sitting experience in forward and rightward reaching during unsupported sitting on the floor. Sessions were video-recorded for further behavioral and machine learning-based kinematic analyses. All infants, including novice sitters, successfully touched and grasped toys in both directions. Infant falls, hand support, and base of support changes were rare. Infants with more sitting experience showed better upright posture than novice sitters. However, we found no differences in trunk displacement or reaching kinematics between directions or across sitting experience. Thus, multi-directional reaching is functional in both novice and experienced infant sitters. We suggest that trunk and arm stability in sagittal and frontal planes is integral to learning to sit.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41150631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Modulation of Online Monocular Visuomotor Function.","authors":"Gabriela Oancea, Damian M Manzone, Luc Tremblay","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2306322","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2306322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous literature suggests that correcting ongoing movements is more effective when using the dominant limb and seeing with the dominant eye. Specifically, individuals are more effective at adjusting their movement to account for an imperceptibly perturbed or changed target location (i.e., online movement correction), when vision is available to the dominant eye. However, less is known if visual-motor functions based on monocular information can undergo short-term neuroplastic changes after a bout of practice, to improve online correction processes. Participants (<i>n</i> = 12) performed pointing movements monocularly and their ability to correct their movement towards an imperceptibly displaced target was assessed. On the first day, the eye associated with smaller correction amplitudes was exclusively trained during acquisition. While correction amplitude was assessed again with both eyes monocularly, only the eye with smaller correction amplitudes in the pre-test showed significant improvement in delayed retention. These results indicate that monocular visuomotor pathways can undergo short-term neuroplastic changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"407-416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139565269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Relationship between Static Balance and Mental Fatigue in Healthy Adults: Preliminary Study.","authors":"Seda Ercan Yıldız, Emre Gurses, Oznur Yıgıt, Fezan Mutlu, Gulsum Aydan Genc","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2312825","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2312825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental fatigue (MF) occurs when a demanding cognitive-task is performed over a long period of time, making it difficult to continue daily tasks and maintain balance. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether the Stroop test induces mental fatigue and to examine its effects on static balance. The study is a quasi-experimental design with pre-post testing. Twenty participants (19-44) were included. Static posturography was used to evaluate balance at baseline following a 25-min relaxation period of rest and in the MFC (mental-fatigue condition) following the induction of MF with the Stroop test. The other measurements were the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The study found that mental fatigue significantly increased at MFC compared to baseline, as indicated by MFI (<i>p</i>=.031) and FSS (<i>p</i>=.007) results with moderate effect sizes (<i>d</i> = 0.52, <i>d</i> = 0.67, respectively). Similarly, the study found a statistically significant increase in mental fatigue as measured by VAS results (<i>p</i>=.000, <i>d</i> = 0.95). However, the study did not find any statistically significant impairment in static balance due to mental fatigue in healthy young subjects. The results suggest that the Stroop test can induce mental fatigue, but it does not impair static balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"417-427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal Encouragement Provokes Significant Increases in Maximal Volitional Dynamic Postural Sway.","authors":"Joshua Haworth, Trevor Lopatin, Emily Daniels, Brandon Dykstra, Bradley Kendall, Daniel Goble","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2297884","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2297884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limits of Stability protocols are typically target-oriented, leaving volitional aspects of control unobservable. A novel unconstrained protocol, volitional Limits of Stability (vLOS), shows high test-retest-reliability. We tested if verbal encouragement impacts this protocol. Forty healthy young adults (age 20.1 ± .9 years) performed three trials of vLoS with instructions that were agnostic to strategy or vigor, except trial three included verbal encouragement. Total sway area was used to metric the maximum volitional dynamic sway during each 1-min trial. One-way, repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant differences (F_(2,117) = 41.56, <i>p</i> < 0.0001, <math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> = 0.52) due to encouragement. Specifically, follow-up paired t-tests showed no difference in sway area between the first two trials (<i>p</i> = 0.61), while trial three was much larger than trials one and two (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Significant, large increases in sway area with verbal encouragement indicate that top-down mechanisms should be considered in theories of postural control. As well, clinical utilization of novel vLOS should be careful with word selection and delivery of protocol instructions.HIGHLIGHTSLimits of Stability balance tests typically include a goal directed instruction and metrics.Dynamic postural sway should be tested in a task affording participant volitional control.A novel volitional Limits of Stability protocol has been developed.Maximal dynamic postural sway responds to motivating instructions.Psychological factors of postural sway control deserve further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"322-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}