Diversity最新文献_第8页

Synergistic Threats to Wild Fauna in Ecuador: Using a Novel Data Source to Estimate the Impacts of Trafficking and Human–Wildlife Conflict 厄瓜多尔野生动物面临的协同威胁：利用新数据源估算人口贩运和人类与野生动物冲突的影响

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.3390/d16080490

Ricardo Villalba-Briones, Patricia Mendoza, Daniel Garces, Eliana Belen Molineros, Juan S. Monros, Sam Shanee

{"title":"Synergistic Threats to Wild Fauna in Ecuador: Using a Novel Data Source to Estimate the Impacts of Trafficking and Human–Wildlife Conflict","authors":"Ricardo Villalba-Briones, Patricia Mendoza, Daniel Garces, Eliana Belen Molineros, Juan S. Monros, Sam Shanee","doi":"10.3390/d16080490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080490","url":null,"abstract":"Wildlife trafficking and human–wildlife conflict are major causes of species decline. The illegal nature of wildlife trafficking makes it hard, and sometimes dangerous, to study. ‘Mansión Mascota’ is a veterinary clinic in Guayaquil, Ecuador, which, through agreement with the Ecuadorian Ministry of the Environment, receives confiscated wildlife for treatment. Mansión Mascota also receives injured and abandoned wildlife brought in by the authorities and the public. Between January 2018 and September 2022, the clinic received 3212 wild animals from ≥171 taxa, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Through the classification of records based on reported use, native distribution, and evidence of capture/pet keeping, we were able to classify 1127 animals of 68 species as subject to wildlife trafficking. Turtles were the most abundant group (69%). The majority of turtles (91%) and primates (80%) were of Amazonian origin, whereas 90% of psittacines and 97% of carnivores had potential coastal origins. Threatened and conservation-dependent species were common in the traffic. Furthermore, ≥955 animals of 106 species were brought to the clinic due to anthropogenic wildlife conflict. Trafficking, combined with the high number of injured animals, highlights the synergistic threats facing wildlife in Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multivariate Analysis Techniques and Tolerance Indices for Detecting Bread Wheat Genotypes of Drought Tolerance 检测面包小麦耐旱基因型的多元分析技术和耐旱指数

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.3390/d16080489

Ibrahim Al-Ashkar

{"title":"Multivariate Analysis Techniques and Tolerance Indices for Detecting Bread Wheat Genotypes of Drought Tolerance","authors":"Ibrahim Al-Ashkar","doi":"10.3390/d16080489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080489","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress is one of the biggest hardships in wheat cultivation because of the strong negative relationship between water deficit and crop yields owing to a lower grain weight, a shorter grain-filling period, a slower grain-filling rate, and reduced grain quality. Genotype–environment interaction (GEN:ENV) generates hardships in selecting wheat genotypes and ideotypes due to biased genetic estimates. Diverse strategies have been proposed to respond to the urgent need for concurrent improvements in yield performance and stability. This study’s purpose was to appraise genetic variation and GEN:ENV effects on yield and yield components to discover drought-stress-tolerant genotypes and ideotypes. This study evaluated 20 genotypes in three consecutive seasons under non-stressful and drought-stress conditions in a total of six ENVs. The broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.54 to 0.82 based on expected mean squares and ranged from 0.60 to 0.90 based on plot mean, but in the other three ways, it was usually greater than 0.90. The high values of (σgen:env2) revealed the effect that broad-sense heritability has on the expression of traits. G01, G03, G06, G07, G08, G10, G12, G13, G16, G17, and G18 were stable genotypes for grain yield (GY), according to additive main effects and a multiplicative interaction biplot for the six ENVs. Based on scores in the weighted average of absolute scores biplot (WAASB), G02, G04, G05, G08, G10, and G18 were selected as stable and high-performance for GY, and they were all selected as the best genotype groups using the WAASB-GY superiority index. From the results obtained from principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering and from the tolerance discrimination indices, G02, G04, G05, G18, and G19 are genotypes that produce a suitable yield under non-stressful and drought-stress conditions. In essence, combining approaches that take into consideration stability and high performance can contribute significantly to enhancing the reliability of recommendations for novel wheat genotypes.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) Corroborates the Mid-Miocene Origins of Neotropical Savannas Byrsonima（Malpighiaceae）的分子系统发育和历史生物地理学证实了新热带稀树草原的中新世起源

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.3390/d16080488

Rafael Felipe de Almeida, Augusto Francener, Maria Candida Henrique Mamede, Cássio van den Berg

{"title":"Molecular Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) Corroborates the Mid-Miocene Origins of Neotropical Savannas","authors":"Rafael Felipe de Almeida, Augusto Francener, Maria Candida Henrique Mamede, Cássio van den Berg","doi":"10.3390/d16080488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080488","url":null,"abstract":"We present a dated and calibrated molecular phylogeny for one of the most characteristic genera of Neotropical savannas, Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae), based on the ETS, ITS, and psbA-trnH markers. We sampled 33 species of Byrsonima and four species of the outgroups Blepharandra, Diacidia, and Pterandra to test the monophyly of the infrageneric classification of the genus. Bayesian inference (BI) analysis was performed for the combined molecular dataset. Seven morphological characters were optimized on the obtained tree. Calibration points derived from a published chronogram for Malpighiaceae were used alongside a relaxed, uncorrelated molecular clock on Beast 1.8.4. Ancestral range reconstructions focusing on four main Neotropical biomes (Cerrado, Atlantic rainforest, Amazon rainforest, and Caatinga dry forests) were performed on BioGeoBEARS. Our phylogenetic results corroborated the monophyly of Byrsonima, but all of its subgenera and sections were polyphyletic, with all morphological characters circumscribing these infrageneric ranks being highly homoplastic. The most recent common ancestor of Byrsonima was widespread in South American biomes at 11.41 Ma, posteriorly diversifying in the Amazon rainforests up to 7.72 Ma, when it started massively diversifying in Neotropical savannas. A few re-colonization events from savannas to rain or dry forests occurred from 2.95–0.53 Ma. These results corroborate the mid-Miocene origins of Neotropical savannas, and future studies should aim to sample Mesoamerican species of Byrsonima.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal Phenotypic Variation in the Aeolian Wall Lizard, Podarcis raffonei, of the Capo Grosso (Vulcano) Population 卡波格罗索（武尔卡诺）种群的伊奥利亚壁蜥 Podarcis raffonei 的季节性表型变异

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/d16080485

Benedetta Gambioli, D. Macale, L. Vignoli

{"title":"Seasonal Phenotypic Variation in the Aeolian Wall Lizard, Podarcis raffonei, of the Capo Grosso (Vulcano) Population","authors":"Benedetta Gambioli, D. Macale, L. Vignoli","doi":"10.3390/d16080485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080485","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, studies on animal coloration have expanded significantly, from understanding color production and perception mechanisms to exploring the selective pressures driving these patterns. Conservation biology has begun leveraging these studies to develop effective strategies, gauge public support for conservation projects, select flagship species, and determine reproductive pairs and optimal rearing and release conditions for captive breeding. Critically endangered Aeolian wall lizards (Podarcis raffonei) were housed at the Fondazione Bioparco di Roma for a pilot captive breeding project following alarming hypotheses of rising numbers of “green” hybrids (P. raffonei × P. siculus) in one of the four surviving populations. Through a quantitative analysis of visible dorsal color in captive and natural populations, we aim to determine whether P. raffonei is characterized by seasonal variation in its dorsal coloration and if color is influenced by sex and ontogenesis. Our findings show that P. raffonei’s dorsal pigmentation varies between seasons. In spring, the size and age of the animals does not seem to affect any color component, while the sexes always differ in their hue, with males having consistently more yellow-green dorsa. Between-year analyses, including measurements from the wild population, indicate that yearly variation is not limited to the captive population but also occurs in nature. We caution against identifying potential hybrids based solely on phenotypic traits.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Recent Environmental History, Attempted Restoration and Future Prospects of a Challenged Lobelia Pond in Northeastern Belgium 比利时东北部一个受到挑战的龙舌兰池塘的近期环境历史、修复尝试和未来展望

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/d16080487

Luc Denys, J. Packet, An Leyssen, F. Vanderhaeghe

{"title":"The Recent Environmental History, Attempted Restoration and Future Prospects of a Challenged Lobelia Pond in Northeastern Belgium","authors":"Luc Denys, J. Packet, An Leyssen, F. Vanderhaeghe","doi":"10.3390/d16080487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080487","url":null,"abstract":"Softwater ponds with Lobelia dortmanna (EU habitat type 3110) represent the rarest aquatic habitat in Belgium. As in many other European countries, its unfavourable conservation status necessitates restoration according to the EU Habitats Directive, which is compromised by a range of pressures and faces increasing social–economic opposition. To explore appropriate goals and remaining obstacles for its ecological rehabilitation, we investigated the environmental history of a pond, formerly renowned for the occurrence of this habitat. We complemented monitoring data with information inferred from diatoms analysed from old samples, herbarium specimens and surface sediments, vegetation records, physical–chemical analyses and additional observations. This indicated almost circumneutral, slightly buffered and nutrient-poor conditions for the first decades of the 20th century. Deposition of atmospheric pollutants caused gradual acidification from the early 1940s, intensifying into mineral-acidic conditions by the 1970s. More recently, a period of alkalinisation and eutrophication followed despite some restoration efforts. We discuss these changes in the contexts of general setting, external pressures and internal processes. Reflecting upon the prospects for restoring the pond’s emblematic biodiversity, management implications for this and other softwater sites dealing with similar problems are discussed. A new combination in the diatom genus Iconella is proposed.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Term Monitoring of European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) Population in the Slovak Danubian Lowland 对斯洛伐克多瑙河低地欧洲褐兔（Lepus europaeus）种群的长期监测

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/d16080486

F. Vizzarri, Jaroslav Slamecka, T. Sládeček, R. Jurčík, Ľ. Ondruška, Peter Schultz

{"title":"Long-Term Monitoring of European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) Population in the Slovak Danubian Lowland","authors":"F. Vizzarri, Jaroslav Slamecka, T. Sládeček, R. Jurčík, Ľ. Ondruška, Peter Schultz","doi":"10.3390/d16080486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080486","url":null,"abstract":"In many European countries over the last few decades, arable fields dominate agricultural landscapes, leading to very intensive land-use practices. This seems to be the main cause of population declines for numerous farmland species, including the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778). The Research Institute for Animal Production (National Agricultural and Food Centre—NPPC, Luzianky, Slovakia) has been engaged in a long monitoring project (a project currently running), collecting certain indicators of brown hare population dynamics during hunting season from 1987 to 2023 in the Slovak Danubian Lowland. In the same macro-area (Čiližská Radvaň and Lehnice), a study was conducted on the influence of permanent semi-natural vegetation in relation to recruitment, population density and production. The entire monitored period was aggregated into 5-year intervals (for a total of seven time intervals), with the aim of analyzing the brown hare population dynamics. Spring hare density in the Danubian Lowland is currently 20.8 hares/km2, with harvests of 4.6 hares/km2. During the monitoring period, bag animals have been examined following the regular hunting operations for the purpose of age determination (weight of eye lenses), sex ratio and productivity. There was a large positive effect of set-aside with special mixtures created for hares in large-scale farmed agrarian landscapes on brown hare density, bag and recruitment. In-model hunting grounds with such set-asides increased the spring stock by 25%, bag by 100% and recruitment by 20%. This study reveals that the management of European brown hare is not sustainable in the Slovak Danubian Lowland, and the population is decreasing. This is proven through the decline in harvest brown hares and by population dynamic parameters. Our data suggest that improvements in the habitat quality of arable landscapes by the adoption of permanent semi-natural vegetation may be more effective in the increase in the brown hare population.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversity Begets Diversity: Structural Heterogeneity Determines Fine-Scale Epiphyte Community Structure in a Temperate Rainforest 多样性带来多样性：结构异质性决定了温带雨林中精细尺度的附生植物群落结构

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/d16080484

Kaela M. Hamilton, Carrie L. Woods

{"title":"Diversity Begets Diversity: Structural Heterogeneity Determines Fine-Scale Epiphyte Community Structure in a Temperate Rainforest","authors":"Kaela M. Hamilton, Carrie L. Woods","doi":"10.3390/d16080484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080484","url":null,"abstract":"A foundational concept in ecology is the positive relationship between habitat heterogeneity and species diversity. Epiphytes demonstrate microhabitat specialization to particular areas within a tree; thus, epiphyte communities are potentially influenced by the structural heterogeneity of host trees. We evaluated the relationship between structural features of Acer macrophyllum and epiphyte distributions and abundance in a temperate rainforest in Washington, USA. Epiphytes and structural features of three Acer macrophyllum trees were systematically surveyed using the point-intercept method from the base to the crown and on three branches for each tree. Rarefied species richness increased with structural richness. Species richness along the trunk differed significantly among types of structural features (i.e., broken branches, burls, holes, rivets, branches, and trunks); broken branches had the highest species richness and branches had the lowest, followed by trunks. Rarefied species richness increased with height and peaked at 12 m, but the relationship between structural diversity and height was not significant. The species that occurred on branches were different to those that occurred on trunks, and species composition varied significantly among trunk features. The high structural diversity in northern temperate rainforest trees influenced the fine-scale distribution of nonvascular epiphytes and may explain their coexistence in tree crowns.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Genetic Structure and Phylogeographic Patterns of the Copepod Genus Eurytemora in Europe 探索欧洲桡足类的遗传结构和系统地理格局

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/d16080483

Céleste Mouth, Flavien Ferreira, N. Sukhikh, Elisa Bou, Anaëlle Bernard, M. Tackx, Fréderic Azémar, Patrick Meire, T. Maris, Luc Legal

{"title":"Exploring the Genetic Structure and Phylogeographic Patterns of the Copepod Genus Eurytemora in Europe","authors":"Céleste Mouth, Flavien Ferreira, N. Sukhikh, Elisa Bou, Anaëlle Bernard, M. Tackx, Fréderic Azémar, Patrick Meire, T. Maris, Luc Legal","doi":"10.3390/d16080483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080483","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Eurytemora is a diverse group of copepods found in coastal, estuarine, brackish, and freshwater environments. The main research has focused on Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880) and revealed it to be a species complex. Eurytemora velox (Liljeborg, 1853) has only recently been characterized in the Scheldt estuary but never within a global phylogenetic context. This study integrated nearly all European Eurytemora species sequences available, along with original ones from the Scheldt. A total of 351 sequences were analyzed using one mitochondrial gene (CO1) and one nuclear gene (nITS), with sequencing performed specifically on the CO1 gene. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using the Maximum Likelihood method, along with haplowebs and genetic diversity indices. A significant subdivision between six European species was observed. The monophyletic clade status of the E. affinis complex was confirmed alongside the existence of three geographically isolated lineages of the E. affinis species, the East Atlantic, the North Sea/English Channel, and the Baltic lineages, each exhibiting pronounced genetic differentiation. The population of E. velox from the Urals differs significantly from the European ones. These results provide both an overview of the genetic structure of the genus in geographic Europe as well as new insights on E. velox.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Translation Elongation Factor 1-Alpha Sequencing Provides Reliable Tool for Identification of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Members 翻译延伸因子 1-Alpha 测序为鉴定禾本科镰刀菌种群成员提供了可靠的工具

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/d16080481

Emre Yörük, Tapani Yli-Mattila

{"title":"Translation Elongation Factor 1-Alpha Sequencing Provides Reliable Tool for Identification of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Members","authors":"Emre Yörük, Tapani Yli-Mattila","doi":"10.3390/d16080481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080481","url":null,"abstract":"The Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is a worldwide phytopathogenic fungus of small grain cereals. Genetics and bioinformatics tools have been providing an efficient strategy for identifying FGSC. However, the potential reliability of tef1−α sequencing in FGSC members has not been well investigated. In this study, the tef1−α sequencing data of 246 FGSC members, one F. culmorum, and one F. solani isolate were subjected to distance-, character-, and PCA-based phylogenetic analysis. Linux terminals and the R programming language were used in phylogenetic analysis. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) and maximum likelihood methods produced relatively more homogenous F. graminearum sensu stricto (Fgss) and F. asiaticum isolates. Fgss and F. asiaticum isolates co-clustered in two separate sub-divisions in the ML and UPGMA methods, with significant differences in the Chi2 test (p < 0.05). PCA profiling revealed a low level of variation in FGSC members, with 99–99.5% percentages in axis 1. An increased number of taxa and isolates would be tested for tef1−α in future studies. To our knowledge, this is also the first study to combine phylogenetic methods with PCA tests for comprehensive characterization of FGSC members.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Assessment of Shell Structural, Mechanical, and Elemental Properties in Adult Acorn Barnacles 成年橡果藤壶外壳结构、机械和元素特性的比较评估

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/d16080482

Jazmine Shaw, Yeram Kang, Callie Triano, Corin J. Hoppe, Nick Aldred, Rebecca A. Metzler, Gary H. Dickinson

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Shell Structural, Mechanical, and Elemental Properties in Adult Acorn Barnacles","authors":"Jazmine Shaw, Yeram Kang, Callie Triano, Corin J. Hoppe, Nick Aldred, Rebecca A. Metzler, Gary H. Dickinson","doi":"10.3390/d16080482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080482","url":null,"abstract":"Balanomorph (acorn) barnacles are found throughout the world’s coastal oceans, and their success is dependent on a hard, mineralized, outer shell. Although macro-scale morphology of barnacle shells has been studied extensively, relatively little is known about shell properties at the micron-scale and if such properties vary among species. We assessed shell structure, mechanics, and composition in seven species of balanomorph barnacles from five genera. Three species, Amphibalanus amphitrite, Amphibalanus improvisus, and Austrominius modestus, were laboratory-reared, enabling direct comparison of shell properties of barnacles grown under the same conditions for the same duration. Four other species, Semibalanus balanoides, Amphibalanus eburneus, Chthamalus stellatus, and Tetraclita rubescens, were field-collected. At the macro- and meso-scales, shell properties varied markedly among species, with differences in the number of shell plates, the presence of canals within the plates, mineralization of the base, and shell plate thickness. At the micron-scale, however, structure was remarkably similar among species. Plates of all species were constructed of irregular micron-scale crystallites, with a broad range of crystallite dimensions observed within the same shell. Similarly, micromechanical properties did not vary among species, regardless of testing orientation. Calcium carbonate was identified as calcite in all species assessed with no other mineral phases present, and calcium content did not vary among species. Hence, despite variation in the overall macro- and meso-scale morphology of barnacles, all appear to be built using the same, evolutionarily conserved, mineralization pathway.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0