对斯洛伐克多瑙河低地欧洲褐兔(Lepus europaeus)种群的长期监测

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI:10.3390/d16080486
F. Vizzarri, Jaroslav Slamecka, T. Sládeček, R. Jurčík, Ľ. Ondruška, Peter Schultz
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摘要

在过去几十年中,许多欧洲国家的农业景观都以耕地为主,导致土地使用非常密集。这似乎是包括欧洲褐兔(Lepus europaeus Pallas,1778 年)在内的许多农田物种数量减少的主要原因。动物生产研究所(国家农业和食品中心-NPPC,斯洛伐克卢齐扬基)一直在开展一个长期监测项目(该项目目前正在进行中),在 1987 年至 2023 年期间的狩猎季节收集斯洛伐克多瑙河低地棕兔种群动态的某些指标。在同一宏观区域(Čiližská Radvaň和Lehnice),研究了永久性半自然植被对野兔繁殖、种群密度和产量的影响。整个监测期被分为 5 年(共 7 个时间间隔),目的是分析棕色野兔的种群动态。目前,多瑙河低地的春季野兔密度为 20.8 只/平方公里,收获量为 4.6 只/平方公里。在监测期间,在常规狩猎行动后对袋装野兔进行了检查,以确定年龄(眼球重量)、性别比例和生产力。在大规模耕作的农田中,为野兔设置特殊混合物,对棕色野兔密度、袋装野兔数量和繁殖率有很大的积极影响。在模型狩猎场中,这种预留地使春季野兔存栏量增加了 25%,野兔捕食量增加了 100%,野兔繁殖量增加了 20%。这项研究表明,斯洛伐克多瑙河低地对欧洲棕兔的管理是不可持续的,棕兔数量正在减少。褐兔收获量的下降和种群动态参数都证明了这一点。我们的数据表明,通过采用永久性半自然植被来改善耕地的栖息地质量,可能会更有效地增加棕兔的数量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Long-Term Monitoring of European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) Population in the Slovak Danubian Lowland
In many European countries over the last few decades, arable fields dominate agricultural landscapes, leading to very intensive land-use practices. This seems to be the main cause of population declines for numerous farmland species, including the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778). The Research Institute for Animal Production (National Agricultural and Food Centre—NPPC, Luzianky, Slovakia) has been engaged in a long monitoring project (a project currently running), collecting certain indicators of brown hare population dynamics during hunting season from 1987 to 2023 in the Slovak Danubian Lowland. In the same macro-area (Čiližská Radvaň and Lehnice), a study was conducted on the influence of permanent semi-natural vegetation in relation to recruitment, population density and production. The entire monitored period was aggregated into 5-year intervals (for a total of seven time intervals), with the aim of analyzing the brown hare population dynamics. Spring hare density in the Danubian Lowland is currently 20.8 hares/km2, with harvests of 4.6 hares/km2. During the monitoring period, bag animals have been examined following the regular hunting operations for the purpose of age determination (weight of eye lenses), sex ratio and productivity. There was a large positive effect of set-aside with special mixtures created for hares in large-scale farmed agrarian landscapes on brown hare density, bag and recruitment. In-model hunting grounds with such set-asides increased the spring stock by 25%, bag by 100% and recruitment by 20%. This study reveals that the management of European brown hare is not sustainable in the Slovak Danubian Lowland, and the population is decreasing. This is proven through the decline in harvest brown hares and by population dynamic parameters. Our data suggest that improvements in the habitat quality of arable landscapes by the adoption of permanent semi-natural vegetation may be more effective in the increase in the brown hare population.
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