Diversity Begets Diversity: Structural Heterogeneity Determines Fine-Scale Epiphyte Community Structure in a Temperate Rainforest

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI:10.3390/d16080484
Kaela M. Hamilton, Carrie L. Woods
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Abstract

A foundational concept in ecology is the positive relationship between habitat heterogeneity and species diversity. Epiphytes demonstrate microhabitat specialization to particular areas within a tree; thus, epiphyte communities are potentially influenced by the structural heterogeneity of host trees. We evaluated the relationship between structural features of Acer macrophyllum and epiphyte distributions and abundance in a temperate rainforest in Washington, USA. Epiphytes and structural features of three Acer macrophyllum trees were systematically surveyed using the point-intercept method from the base to the crown and on three branches for each tree. Rarefied species richness increased with structural richness. Species richness along the trunk differed significantly among types of structural features (i.e., broken branches, burls, holes, rivets, branches, and trunks); broken branches had the highest species richness and branches had the lowest, followed by trunks. Rarefied species richness increased with height and peaked at 12 m, but the relationship between structural diversity and height was not significant. The species that occurred on branches were different to those that occurred on trunks, and species composition varied significantly among trunk features. The high structural diversity in northern temperate rainforest trees influenced the fine-scale distribution of nonvascular epiphytes and may explain their coexistence in tree crowns.
多样性带来多样性:结构异质性决定了温带雨林中精细尺度的附生植物群落结构
生态学的一个基本概念是栖息地异质性与物种多样性之间的正相关关系。附生植物在树木的特定区域表现出微生境特化;因此,附生植物群落可能受到寄主树木结构异质性的影响。我们评估了美国华盛顿州温带雨林中大叶槭结构特征与附生植物分布和丰度之间的关系。我们采用点截距法对三棵大叶槭树的附生植物和结构特征进行了系统调查,每棵树从基部到树冠,共调查了三个分支。稀有物种丰富度随结构丰富度的增加而增加。树干沿线的物种丰富度在结构特征类型(即断枝、毛刺、孔洞、铆钉、树枝和树干)之间存在显著差异;断枝的物种丰富度最高,树枝的物种丰富度最低,其次是树干。稀有物种丰富度随高度增加而增加,在 12 米处达到峰值,但结构多样性与高度之间的关系并不显著。出现在树枝上的物种与出现在树干上的物种不同,不同树干特征的物种组成差异很大。北温带雨林树木的高度结构多样性影响了非维管束附生植物的精细分布,这可能是它们在树冠中共存的原因。
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