arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society最新文献_第2页

Safeguarding Decentralized Social Media: LLM Agents for Automating Community Rule Compliance 保护分散的社交媒体：自动遵守社区规则的 LLM 代理

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: arxiv-2409.08963

Lucio La Cava, Andrea Tagarelli

{"title":"Safeguarding Decentralized Social Media: LLM Agents for Automating Community Rule Compliance","authors":"Lucio La Cava, Andrea Tagarelli","doi":"arxiv-2409.08963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08963","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring content compliance with community guidelines is crucial for\u0000maintaining healthy online social environments. However, traditional\u0000human-based compliance checking struggles with scaling due to the increasing\u0000volume of user-generated content and a limited number of moderators. Recent\u0000advancements in Natural Language Understanding demonstrated by Large Language\u0000Models unlock new opportunities for automated content compliance verification.\u0000This work evaluates six AI-agents built on Open-LLMs for automated rule\u0000compliance checking in Decentralized Social Networks, a challenging environment\u0000due to heterogeneous community scopes and rules. Analyzing over 50,000 posts\u0000from hundreds of Mastodon servers, we find that AI-agents effectively detect\u0000non-compliant content, grasp linguistic subtleties, and adapt to diverse\u0000community contexts. Most agents also show high inter-rater reliability and\u0000consistency in score justification and suggestions for compliance. Human-based\u0000evaluation with domain experts confirmed the agents' reliability and\u0000usefulness, rendering them promising tools for semi-automated or\u0000human-in-the-loop content moderation systems.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review on Flood Risk Conceptual Frameworks and Development of Hierarchical Structures for Assessment Criteria 洪水风险概念框架与评估标准分层结构发展综述

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: arxiv-2409.08803

Nazgol Tabasi, Mohammad Fereshtehpour, Bardia Roghani

{"title":"A Review on Flood Risk Conceptual Frameworks and Development of Hierarchical Structures for Assessment Criteria","authors":"Nazgol Tabasi, Mohammad Fereshtehpour, Bardia Roghani","doi":"arxiv-2409.08803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08803","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and rapid urbanization have led to more frequent and severe\u0000flooding, causing significant damage. The existing literature on flood risk\u0000encompasses a variety of dimensions, such as physical, economic, social,\u0000political, environmental, infrastructural, and managerial aspects. This paper\u0000aims to provide an extensive review of proposed conceptual frameworks and their\u0000components used in flood risk assessment. For this purpose, Initially,\u0000conceptual frameworks were extracted to configure the components of flood risk\u0000including hazard, vulnerability, exposure, resilience, and susceptibility.\u0000Subsequently, a comprehensive set of criteria from the literature were\u0000identified, addressing risk components. In this paper, the risk conceptual\u0000framework is defined by the intersection of vulnerability and hazard.\u0000Vulnerability, shaped by exposure and susceptibility, can be reduced by\u0000enhancing resiliency, which includes coping and adaptive capacities. In total,\u0000102 criteria/subcriteria were identified and classified into three hierarchical\u0000structures of hazard, susceptibility, and resilience. Finally, flood risk\u0000assessment methods were reviewed, with an emphasis on their applicability and\u0000characteristics. The review highlighted the strengths and limitations of\u0000various methods, providing a comprehensive overview of their suitability for\u0000different scenarios. The outcomes of this review could serve as a valuable\u0000reference for professionals involved in flood risk assessment, aiding in the\u0000identification of the most appropriate risk concepts, assessment criteria, and\u0000suitable methods for quantification based on the specific study area and data\u0000availability.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

E2MoCase: A Dataset for Emotional, Event and Moral Observations in News Articles on High-impact Legal Cases E2MoCase：影响重大的法律案件新闻报道中的情感、事件和道德观察数据集

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: arxiv-2409.09001

Candida M. Greco, Lorenzo Zangari, Davide Picca, Andrea Tagarelli

引用次数: 0

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: arxiv-2409.07733

Subhabrata Dutta, Dipankar Das, Tanmoy Chakraborty

{"title":"Self-similarity of temporal interaction networks arises from hyperbolic geometry with time-varying curvature","authors":"Subhabrata Dutta, Dipankar Das, Tanmoy Chakraborty","doi":"arxiv-2409.07733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07733","url":null,"abstract":"The self-similarity of complex systems has been studied intensely across\u0000different domains due to its potential applications in system modeling,\u0000complexity analysis, etc., as well as for deep theoretical interest. Existing\u0000studies rely on scale transformations conceptualized over either a definite\u0000geometric structure of the system (very often realized as length-scale\u0000transformations) or purely temporal scale transformations. However, many\u0000physical and social systems are observed as temporal interactions among agents\u0000without any definitive geometry. Yet, one can imagine the existence of an\u0000underlying notion of distance as the interactions are mostly localized.\u0000Analysing only the time-scale transformations over such systems would uncover\u0000only a limited aspect of the complexity. In this work, we propose a novel\u0000technique of scale transformation that dissects temporal interaction networks\u0000under spatio-temporal scales, namely, flow scales. Upon experimenting with\u0000multiple social and biological interaction networks, we find that many of them\u0000possess a finite fractal dimension under flow-scale transformation. Finally, we\u0000relate the emergence of flow-scale self-similarity to the latent geometry of\u0000such networks. We observe strong evidence that justifies the assumption of an\u0000underlying, variable-curvature hyperbolic geometry that induces self-similarity\u0000of temporal interaction networks. Our work bears implications for modeling\u0000temporal interaction networks at different scales and uncovering their latent\u0000geometric structures.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of the structure of street networks 街道网络结构回顾

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: arxiv-2409.08016

Marc Barthelemy, Geoff Boeing

引用次数: 0

Fast nonparametric inference of network backbones for graph sparsification 针对图稀疏化的网络骨干的快速非参数推断

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: arxiv-2409.06417

Alec Kirkley

{"title":"Fast nonparametric inference of network backbones for graph sparsification","authors":"Alec Kirkley","doi":"arxiv-2409.06417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06417","url":null,"abstract":"A network backbone provides a useful sparse representation of a weighted\u0000network by keeping only its most important links, permitting a range of\u0000computational speedups and simplifying complex network visualizations. There\u0000are many possible criteria for a link to be considered important, and hence\u0000many methods have been developed for the task of network backboning for graph\u0000sparsification. These methods can be classified as global or local in nature\u0000depending on whether they evaluate the importance of an edge in the context of\u0000the whole network or an individual node neighborhood. A key limitation of\u0000existing network backboning methods is that they either artificially restrict\u0000the topology of the backbone to take a specific form (e.g. a tree) or they\u0000require the specification of a free parameter (e.g. a significance level) that\u0000determines the number of edges to keep in the backbone. Here we develop a\u0000completely nonparametric framework for inferring the backbone of a weighted\u0000network that overcomes these limitations by automatically selecting the optimal\u0000number of edges to retain in the backbone using the Minimum Description Length\u0000(MDL) principle from information theory. We develop two encoding schemes that\u0000serve as objective functions for global and local network backbones, as well as\u0000efficient optimization algorithms to identify the optimal backbones according\u0000to these objectives with runtime complexity log-linear in the number of edges.\u0000We show that the proposed framework is generalizable to any discrete weight\u0000distribution on the edges using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation\u0000procedure with an asymptotically equivalent Bayesian generative model of the\u0000backbone. We compare the proposed method with existing methods in a range of\u0000tasks on real and synthetic networks.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum-like approaches unveil the intrinsic limits of predictability in compartmental models 类量子方法揭示分区模型可预测性的内在极限

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: arxiv-2409.06438

José Alejandro Rojas-Venegas, Pablo Gallarta-Sáenz, Rafael G. Hurtado, Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes, David Soriano-Paños

{"title":"Quantum-like approaches unveil the intrinsic limits of predictability in compartmental models","authors":"José Alejandro Rojas-Venegas, Pablo Gallarta-Sáenz, Rafael G. Hurtado, Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes, David Soriano-Paños","doi":"arxiv-2409.06438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06438","url":null,"abstract":"Obtaining accurate forecasts for the evolution of epidemic outbreaks from\u0000deterministic compartmental models represents a major theoretical challenge.\u0000Recently, it has been shown that these models typically exhibit trajectories'\u0000degeneracy, as different sets of epidemiological parameters yield comparable\u0000predictions at early stages of the outbreak but disparate future epidemic\u0000scenarios. Here we use the Doi-Peliti approach and extend the classical\u0000deterministic SIS and SIR models to a quantum-like formalism to explore whether\u0000the uncertainty of epidemic forecasts is also shaped by the stochastic nature\u0000of epidemic processes. This approach allows getting a probabilistic ensemble of\u0000trajectories, revealing that epidemic uncertainty is not uniform across time,\u0000being maximal around the epidemic peak and vanishing at both early and very\u0000late stages of the outbreak. Our results therefore show that, independently of\u0000the models' complexity, the stochasticity of contagion and recover processes\u0000poses a natural constraint for the uncertainty of epidemic forecasts.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is methane the 'climate culprit'? Fixing the 'Broken Record' while unmasking the dangers of using imprecise, long-term GWP for methane to address the climate emergency 甲烷是 "气候罪魁祸首 "吗？修复 "破损的记录"，同时揭露使用不精确的甲烷长期全球升温潜能值来应对气候紧急情况的危险性

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: arxiv-2409.06212

Roger W. Bryenton, Farrukh A. Chishtie, Mujtaba Hassan, Tom Mommsen, Devyani Singh

{"title":"Is methane the 'climate culprit'? Fixing the 'Broken Record' while unmasking the dangers of using imprecise, long-term GWP for methane to address the climate emergency","authors":"Roger W. Bryenton, Farrukh A. Chishtie, Mujtaba Hassan, Tom Mommsen, Devyani Singh","doi":"arxiv-2409.06212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06212","url":null,"abstract":"Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with a short atmospheric\u0000half-life (~8.4 years) and a high short-term impact on global warming,\u0000significantly higher than CO2 (Kleinberg, 2020; Balcombe et al., 2018).\u0000Traditional metrics such as the 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP100)\u0000obscure methane's short-term, negative climatic effects, potentially leading to\u0000inadequate policy responses (Kleinberg, 2020). This letter examines the\u0000limitations of GWP100 in capturing methane's true climate impact, explores\u0000alternative metrics, and discusses the implications of underreporting methane\u0000emissions. We highlight the necessity of adopting a more immediate perspective\u0000on methane to accelerate climate emergency action, while noting the adverse\u0000effects of the rapid growth rate of methane emissions on reduction efforts.\u0000Additionally, we hope that in the immediate future, during COP29, policymakers\u0000will adopt actions that give appropriate attention to methane's short-term\u0000warming potential to dramatically reduce emissions and address the immediate\u0000climate crisis.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory and Personality in Ideological Polarization: The Politico-physics of Mnemomatter 意识形态两极化中的记忆与人格：记忆物质的政治物理学

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: arxiv-2409.06660

Shengkai Li, Trung V. Phan, Luca Di Carlo, Gao Wang, Van H. Do, Elia Mikhail, Robert H. Austin, Liyu Liu

{"title":"Memory and Personality in Ideological Polarization: The Politico-physics of Mnemomatter","authors":"Shengkai Li, Trung V. Phan, Luca Di Carlo, Gao Wang, Van H. Do, Elia Mikhail, Robert H. Austin, Liyu Liu","doi":"arxiv-2409.06660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06660","url":null,"abstract":"We used physical agents with deep memories of past events and left/right\u0000ideologies but different fixed personalities to study what drives the\u0000polarization of the dynamic population ideology. We find that agents have a\u0000critical memory depth below which complete ideology polarization of the\u0000collective cannot occur and above which it is inevitable. However, depending on\u0000the details of the personalities, the ideologies polarization can be static or\u0000dynamic in time, even chaotic. Thus, agents with different personalities and\u0000levels of memory (mnemomatter) can serve as a physics analogue of the ideology\u0000dynamics among ideological beings, illuminating how decisions influenced by\u0000individual memories of past interactions can shape and influence subsequent\u0000ideology polarization. Each constituent agent harbors a private stack memory\u0000and an onboard microcomputer/controller which both measures and controls its\u0000physical spin handedness, which is a proxy for ideology. The agent's decision\u0000to change or retain its current spin is determined by each agent's private\u0000algorithm for decisions (the personality) and the time-weighted stack history\u0000of present and previous interactions. Depending on a given agent's personality\u0000for evaluating its memory and experiences, an agent can act as a curmudgeon who\u0000never changes its ideology, a pushover who always accepts change, a contrarian\u0000who always does the opposite of what is expected, an opportunist who weighs\u0000recent events more heavily than past events in making decisions, and a\u0000traditionalist who weighs past events more heavily than recent events in\u0000decision making. We develop a field theory which maps agent ideological\u0000polarization over into a dynamic potential landscape. Perhaps such applications\u0000of physics-based systems to political systems will help us to understand the\u0000ideological instability observed in the world today.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural Robustness and Vulnerability of Networks 网络结构的稳健性和脆弱性

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: arxiv-2409.07498

Alice C. Schwarze, Jessica Jiang, Jonny Wray, Mason A. Porter

{"title":"Structural Robustness and Vulnerability of Networks","authors":"Alice C. Schwarze, Jessica Jiang, Jonny Wray, Mason A. Porter","doi":"arxiv-2409.07498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07498","url":null,"abstract":"Networks are useful descriptions of the structure of many complex systems.\u0000Unsurprisingly, it is thus important to analyze the robustness of networks in\u0000many scientific disciplines. In applications in communication, logistics,\u0000finance, ecology, biomedicine, and many other fields, researchers have studied\u0000the robustness of networks to the removal of nodes, edges, or other subnetworks\u0000to identify and characterize robust network structures. A major challenge in\u0000the study of network robustness is that researchers have reported that\u0000different and seemingly contradictory network properties are correlated with a\u0000network's robustness. Using a framework by Alderson and\u0000Doyle~cite{Alderson2010}, we categorize several notions of network robustness\u0000and we examine these ostensible contradictions. We survey studies of network\u0000robustness with a focus on (1)~identifying robustness specifications in common\u0000use, (2)~understanding when these specifications are appropriate, and\u0000(3)~understanding the conditions under which one can expect different notions\u0000of robustness to yield similar results. With this review, we aim to give\u0000researchers an overview of the large, interdisciplinary body of work on network\u0000robustness and develop practical guidance for the design of computational\u0000experiments to study a network's robustness.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0