Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy and Reproducibility of Virtual Reality Perimetry in Children.","authors":"Jaron K Pruett, Edward F Linton, Sean P Donahue, Sylvia L Groth","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240118-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20240118-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine normal threshold values for the 24-2 program of the VisuALL-K (Olleyes, Inc), a portable static automated virtual reality perimeter that uses a video game-based testing modality on an updated version of the algorithm and to repeat the test to assess retest variability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 19 participants (aged 8 to 17 years) with healthy afferent systems. Participants performed two 24-2 automated perimetry tests on the virtual reality perimeter device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 12.7 ± 2.5 years; 53% were boys and 47% were girls. Mean test location threshold was 30.5 ± 4.0 dB for test 1 and 31.3 ± 2.8 dB for test 2. Sensitivity decreased with eccentricity as expected (-0.17 dB per degree). Bland-Altman analysis showed a repeatability coefficient of ±5.1 dB for mean deviation, meaning that 95% of retest values were within ±5 dB of the threshold value for the first test. Higher thresholds for the first test regressed toward the mean values in the second test, indicating a learning effect. Intraclass correlation coefficient for mean deviation between test 1 and test 2 was 0.70 (0.55 to 0.80, <i>P</i> < .0001). Mean time to completion for the virtual reality perimeter was 5.1 ± 1.5 min/eye.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The VisuALL-K virtual reality perimeter provided an assessment of the visual field in normal children aged 8 to 17 years. A shallow hill of vision was demonstrated. A notable learning effect was demonstrated, with repeatability difference wider than other published head-mounted display perimeters. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2024:61(4):262-266.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Surgical Outcomes for Infantile Esotropia With and Without Prior Botulinum Toxin A Injection.","authors":"Didem Dizdar Yigit, Alev Kockar, Ceren Gurez, Aslı Inal, Birsen Gokyigit","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240102-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20240102-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the surgical outcomes in patients who had a failed botulinum toxin A injection before surgery versus those who had surgery as primary treatment (primary surgery) for infantile esotropia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The files of patients who had strabismus surgery in the Strabismus Unit of Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital between January 2012 and March 2022 were reviewed. This study included 104 eyes of 52 patients with infantile esotropia. The angle of deviation before and 1, 3, and 6 months after botulinum toxin A injection or surgery, complications, pattern deviations, family history, abnormal head position, history of prematurity, intensive care unit admission, and consanguineous marriage were noted. A successful outcome was defined as ocular alignment of 10 prism diopters (PD) or less.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population consisted of 52 patients: 27 (52%) boys and 25 (48%) girls. In the botulinum toxin A group (n = 26), the mean age at admission was 14.0 ± 6.8 months, whereas the mean preoperative near and far angle of deviation were 41.92 ± 12.2 and 41.3 ± 13.0 PD, respectively. The mean age at the time of surgery was 40.6 ± 18.1 months. In the primary surgery group (n = 26), the mean age at admission was 34.0 ± 15.9 months. The mean preoperative near and far angle of deviation were 37.3 ± 8.0 and 35.3 ± 10.5 PD, respectively. The mean age at the time of surgery was 48.1 ± 18.5 months. The success rates 6 months after treatment in the botulinum toxin A group and the primary surgery group were 76.9% and 88.5% in near (<i>P</i> > .05) and 80.8% and 88.5% in far (<i>P</i> > .05), respectively. Three patients had transient ptosis and one had consecutive exotropia after botulinum toxin A injection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In infantile esotropia treatment, strabismus surgery after failed botulinum toxin A injection compared to primary surgery has statistically comparable surgical success rates. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2024;61(4):245-251.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Qualitative Study of Caregiver, Patient, and Clinician Experience in the United States.","authors":"Heath Rose, Leonard Bielory","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240102-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20240102-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To better understand the patient journey and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study assessed the experience of caregivers of children with VKC (n = 7) and of clinicians who treat VKC (n = 16) in the United States. The structured interviews were conducted to identify key \"pain points\", obstacles, and trends on the path to diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Like an earlier study conducted in the United Kingdom, this study found low awareness of the nature and severity of VKC among U.S. caregivers and non-specialist providers, and a tendency among young patients and their caregivers to downplay initial symptoms. Medical intervention was delayed as caregivers treated symptoms with over-the-counter medications; 88% (14 of 16) of specialists reported frequent misdiagnosis and mistreatment by pediatricians and primary care providers who were initial points of care. Time to appropriate referral ranged from 1 to 2 weeks to 3 months, in part due to convoluted referral pathways that were universal points of frustration for caregivers and specialists.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Limited awareness of VKC remains a barrier to timely identification and management of this rare but disruptive ocular surface disease. Caregivers underestimate symptom severity, pediatricians and primary care providers often misdiagnose VKC as allergy or infection, and referrals to appropriate specialists are delayed until symptoms are severe. Early identification is essential to improving the diagnostic journey and treatment of VKC. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2024;61(4):252-256.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zip-up Loop Myopexy in Heavy Eye Syndrome.","authors":"Ahmed Awadein, Christina S Farag, Sara Maher","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240219-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20240219-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe and report the results of a zip-up modification for loop myopexy for facilitating a muscle union procedure in heavy eye syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with heavy eye syndrome in whom the modified surgical technique was performed. Superior and lateral rectus muscle bellies were approximated using a suture 4 to 5 mm from the muscle insertion. Muscles were then zipped together by 5-0 polyester sutures placed in an anteroposterior direction using a hand-over-hand technique. Details of the surgical technique were reported. Ductions, versions, and angles of strabismus were evaluated before and after surgery. Complications were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8 patients were identified (mean age: 60.8 ± 7 years). Mean axial length was 33.2 ± 1.2 mm. Mean preoperative horizontal and vertical angles of deviation were 78 ± 20 prism diopters (PD) (range: 50 to 120 PD) and 34 ± 4 PD (range: 30 to 40 PD), respectively. Preoperative limitation of abduction and elevation was -4 to -5 in all patients. An average of seven to eight sutures were used. No intraoperative complications were reported. In 7 patients, both vertical and horizontal angles of deviation were reduced to within 8 PD from orthophoria and limitation of ductions was reduced to null or -1 after surgery. Undercorrection occurred in 1 patient with bilateral heavy eye syndrome who had unilateral surgery. No recurrences developed over a median of 6 months of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A zip-up modification for loop myopexy can facilitate the surgical procedure to achieve a satisfactory outcome in heavy eye syndrome. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2024;61(4):279-286.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing Glasses in Preverbal Children.","authors":"Patrick DeRespinis, Dawn N Duss, Ronald G Teed, Rudolph S Wagner","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240612-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240612-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes for Intermittent Exotropia Using Three Common Surgical Approaches.","authors":"Raghav Vadhul, James D Rogers, David L Rogers","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240220-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20240220-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare a single surgeon's surgical outcomes for treating intermittent exotropia using bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR), unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection (RR), and unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication (RP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of all surgeries for basic intermittent exotropia between 2015 and 2023 was performed. Only patients with initial correction using BLR, RR, or RP were included. Exclusion criteria included age older than 18 years, vertical deviation, any nonrefractive ocular diagnoses, prior ocular surgery, and inadequate follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 460 patients identified; 123 met inclusion criteria with 54 in the BLR group, 41 in the RR group, and 28 in the RP group. The average pre-operative distance alignment (and standard error) values for the BLR, RR, and RP groups were 25.07 (7.35), 22.44 (5.95), and 23.84 (6.42) prism diopters (PD), respectively. At 1 year, the postoperative distance alignment values for the BLR, RR, and RP groups were 8.72 (7.89), 7.46 (6.31), and 12.83 (6.82) PD, respectively (<i>P</i> = .03). A subanalysis found a significant difference between the BLR and RP (<i>P</i> = .02) and RR and RP (<i>P</i> = .02) groups. There was no difference between the BLR and RR groups (<i>P</i> = .57).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study of three surgical approaches for intermittent exotropia found RP had a significantly larger angle of exodeviation compared to BLR and RR at 1 year of follow-up. Both BLR and RR were equally effective approaches for treating intermittent exotropia. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2024;61(4):287-290.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Evaluation of Retinal and Choroidal Microvascular Morphological Changes Following Strabismus Surgery.","authors":"Cengiz Gül, Hatice Bilge Araz Erşan, Murat Karapapak, Dilek Güven","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240508-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240508-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the structural and microvascular changes in the retina and choroid after strabismus surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 44 eyes from 44 patients who underwent strabismus surgery between August 2020 and December 2021. Among these patients, 9 (20%) underwent horizontal one-muscle surgery, 27 (61%) underwent horizontal two-muscle surgery, and 8 (18%) underwent inferior oblique muscle anteriorization surgery. Optical coherence tomography angiography scans were conducted preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The outer retinal blood flow showed a significant increase at 1 day postoperatively in horizontal two-muscle and inferior oblique muscle anteriorization surgery, whereas no significant difference was observed between periods in horizontal one-muscle surgery (<i>P</i> = .007). Choriocapillaris blood flow exhibited a significant increase at 1 day and 1 month postoperatively compared to the preoperative period (<i>P</i> < .001). Whole image superficial capillary plexus vascular density was significantly lower at 1 day postoperatively than preoperatively and 1 and 3 months postoperatively (<i>P</i> < .001). Whole image deep capillary plexus vascular density was significantly lower at 1 day than at 1 month postoperatively (<i>P</i> = .002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following strabismus surgery, temporary changes in the hemodynamic microcirculation in the retina and choroid are observed. A transient decrease in retinal artery blood supply may be noticed, possibly attributed to the reduced anterior segment blood supply. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XX-XX.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of the Mendonça Strabismus Forceps in Locating the Insertion of Extraocular Rectus Muscles in Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery.","authors":"Alyne Borges Corrêa, Júlia Dutra Rossetto, Tomás Scalamandré Mendonça","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240508-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240508-08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the reliability of Mendonça strabismus forceps in locating the extraocular rectus muscles in patients undergoing primary strabismus surgery or reoperation. The study also compared the method's efficacy in primary surgeries versus reoperations. The overall goal was to avoid unnecessary surgical exploration, thereby enabling more effective planning and safer surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 41 patients with strabismus undergoing surgical correction. The reliability of the Mendonça strabismus forceps in locating the extraocular rectus muscles was evaluated by comparing preoperative measurements using Mendonça strabismus forceps and Castroviejo forceps to intraoperative measurements made by direct muscle visualization. Differences of 1 mm or less were deemed acceptable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients without prior surgery, Mendonça strabismus forceps reliably located all muscles, with measurements consistently within the 1-mm limit. All muscles with previous surgeries were successfully grasped by the forceps, except for one medial rectus muscle with multiple interventions. In reoperations with satisfactory muscle grasp, 88.8% showed coincident measurements. Non-coincidence cases were attributed to anomalous scarring. The method demonstrated simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and no complications in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Mendonça strabismus forceps proved to be a reliable and non-invasive method for locating extraocular rectus muscles insertions without the need for additional imaging. It is a cost-effective, simple, and easily executed method that provides valuable information for surgical decision-making and planning. The method enhances surgical outcomes while reducing risks. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XX-XX.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Dichoptic Therapy for Treating Mild to Moderate Amblyopia in a Tertiary Eye Care Center in South India.","authors":"Sandra Ganesh, Rebecca Claire Lusobya, Jeyshree Balasubramanian, Jogitha, Kalpana Narendran, Mohammed Sithiq Uduman, John Mukisa","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240521-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240521-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To contribute evidence about the effectiveness of dichoptic therapy in patients with mild to moderate amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted in patients enrolled for dichoptic therapy on the Bynocs AmblyGo platform (Kanohi Eye Pvt Ltd) from January to August 2023. Data collected included logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best corrected visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examination, fixation pattern, dynamic and cycloplegic refraction, orthoptic evaluation, and number of dichoptic therapy sessions. Visual acuity, binocularity, and stereopsis before and after therapy were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 59 patients (median age: 11 years, range: 5 to 30 years) enrolled, 34 (57.6%) had anisometropic amblyopia, 12 (20.3%) had ametropic amblyopia, 10 (17.0%) had strabismic amblyopia, and 3 (5.1%) had deprivation amblyopia. All 6 (10.2%) and 15 (22.4%) patients who had no binocular single vision for near and distance before therapy, respectively, attained normal binocular single vision on completion, except one who suppressed at distance. Twenty-one (75.0%) had improved near stereopsis, and 21 (60.0%) had improved distance stereopsis. Of 74 eyes treated, 61 (82.4%) had improved visual acuity and 73 (98.6%) improved in at least one tested parameter. A majority of these eyes had residual amblyopia after occlusion therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dichoptic therapy improves visual acuity, binocularity, and stereoacuity in patients with amblyopia, including those older than 8 years, especially in partial deprivation, ametropic, and anisometropic amblyopia. <b>{<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;XX(X):XX-XX.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cohort Study to Evaluate the Evolution of the Optic Nerve Head Parameters and Inner Retinal Thickness During Childhood.","authors":"Rita Gama, Rute Sousa da Costa, Sylvia Gaspar, Joana Chambel Santos, Daniela Cândido da Costa","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240521-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240521-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare children's stereometric optic disc parameters and inner retinal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in two different moments in life in the same children and to establish a correlation between the optic nerve head (ONH) area and the difference of these parameters in the two observations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational cohort, children were evaluated on two occasions: at 6.7 ± 1.6 and 13.2 ± 0.7 years of age. Cup volume, neuroretinal rim (NRR) area, average cup-to-disc ratio, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) were measured by the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 175 children were included, 89 boys (50.9%) and 86 girls (49.1%). There was a significant decrease of the NRR area (<i>P</i> < .001) and increase of the cup volume (<i>P</i> < .001) on the second observation. The pRNFL thickness and GCIPL thickness also decreased (<i>P</i> < .001 and <i>P</i> = .002, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the ONH area and the difference of the cup volume (<i>P</i> = .047; <i>r</i> = 0.102) and a negative correlation with the difference of the NRR area (<i>P</i> < .001; <i>r</i> = 0.237).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During childhood, there is an increase of the cup volume, a decrease of the NRR area, and a decrease of inner retinal layer thickness (more significant in the superior and inferior quadrants) measured by OCT. This study demonstrates that in children with large discs the enlargement of the cup and decrease of the NRR is more evident. Considering these changes, the physiological enlargement of the cup in a child with a large disc can be misinterpreted as the development of a glaucomatous lesion. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XXX-XXX.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}