Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Pediatric Corneal Epithelial Thickness Profiles by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: Normative Data and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Bedia Kesimal, Sücattin İlker Kocamış","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250701-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250701-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine normative corneal epithelial thickness (CET) profiles in healthy Turkish children using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and to explore regional variations and associations with demographic and refractive parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary eye hospital and included 86 healthy children aged 7 to 18 years. One eye per participant was randomly selected. All participants underwent complete ophthalmic examination, cycloplegic autore-fraction, and AS-OCT imaging. CET measurements were obtained from central (2-mm), paracentral (5-mm), and midperipheral (6-mm) zones across eight radial sectors. Statistical analyses included sex-based comparisons, quadrant-based thickness differences, and correlation analyses with age and refractive parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean central CET was 53.7 ± 4.6 µm. Epithelial thickness (ET) decreased toward the periphery, with inferior and inferonasal sectors being thickest and superior sectors thinnest. Males exhibited significantly greater CET in several paracentral and midperipheral sectors (<i>P</i> < .05). Quadrant-based comparisons revealed consistent asymmetry: ET was greater in inferior and nasal sectors compared to superior and temporal regions, whereas corneal thickness was lower in the inferior and temporal quadrants relative to superior and nasal counterparts (<i>P</i> < .001). Central CET showed no correlation with age or refractive error, whereas paracentral nasal and temporal sectors exhibited weak age-related thinning (<i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides normative pediatric CET data, highlighting characteristic spatial variations and subtle sex-based differences. These findings support the clinical utility of epithelial mapping in early keratoconus detection and its integration into artificial intelligence-based diagnostic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Detachment After Primary Congenital Glaucoma Surgery.","authors":"Nader Hussein Lotfy Bayoumi, Nada Alaa Eldin Khalifa, Merna Moustafa, Hady El Naggar, Eman Nabil Elsayed","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250530-05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report on retinal detachment (RD) in eyes that had surgery for primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective chart review took place at Alexandra Main University Hospital. The charts of 363 children (507eyes) presenting with and having surgery for PCG from January 2019 to March 2005 were reviewed. Eyes that developed RD were enrolled as cases and the remaining eyes as controls. Retrieved data included demographic and clinical characteristics and operative and postoperative follow-up data pertaining to glaucoma (and RD) surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The records revealed that 17 eyes of 13 children (cases) developed RD (bilateral in 4 children, 30.7%) (3.35% of eyes, 3.58% of children, rhegmatogenous in 15 eyes, 88.2%). The mean ± standard deviation of age at presentation of cases and controls wase 4.3 ± 3.8 and 8.1 ± 11.1 months, respectively (<i>P</i> = .22). There were no statistically significant differences in intraocular pressure (<i>P</i> = .76), corneal diameter (<i>P</i> = .22), axial length (<i>P</i> = .98), and cup/disk ratio (<i>P</i> = .45) between case and control eyes at glaucoma presentation. Case eyes had undergone twice as many glaucoma procedures as control eyes. At RD diagnosis, 5 eyes (29.4 %) had their glaucoma controlled and 8 eyes (47.1%) had inoperable RD. Four eyes underwent conventional retinopexy and 4 eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil. The mean ± standard deviation of follow-up of case eyes was 63.7 ± 56.9 months before RD diagnosis and 45.9 ± 22.3 months after RD repair. There was a statistically significant difference in axial length at presentation and at the diagnosis of RD (<i>P</i> < .001) in case eyes. At the final follow-up visit, 7 eyes (41.2%) had atrophia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RD occurred in 3.5% of eyes with PCG that had surgery over 14 years, of which 41% culminated in atrophia bulbi.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Pain Among Pediatric Ophthalmologists and Strabismologists in the Middle East: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Mahmoud M Ismail, Rafea Allawi Fayyadh, Dina Hossameldin Hassanein, Ali Alharbi, Amal Ibrahim Alhemidan","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250701-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250701-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal pain among pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismologists in the Middle East, and their impact on their work.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted using SurveyMonkey distributed via the social media WhatsApp platform among pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismologists in some countries of the Middle East. The survey captured demographics, clinical workload, ergonomic practices, musculoskeletal symptoms, risk factors, and treatment methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants (70%) had more than 10 years of experience. Pain severity was significantly higher among those working in the private sector and hospitals compared to academic settings. Neck pain (48%) and shoulder pain (24%) were significantly correlated with severity, whereas back and arm pain were not. Common triggers included orthoptic examinations and prolonged standing, showing significant correlations, whereas slit-lamp examinations did not. Physical therapy and medications were effective treatments, significantly correlating with pain relief, whereas ergonomic adjustments were underused. Musculoskeletal pain led 31% of participants to reduce working hours and 15% to avoid specific tasks, highlighting its impact on productivity. Regular exercise was low but significantly correlated with pain relief, showing an area for improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismologists in the Middle East face a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, primarily dull pain affecting the neck and shoulders. Occupational factors and specific tasks significantly influence pain severity. Effective pain management strategies include medication, physical therapy, and exercise. The findings emphasize the need for ergonomic interventions, comprehensive pain management, and lifestyle adjustments to enhance well-being and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Pediatric Mental Health and Vision From the 2022 National Health Interview Survey.","authors":"Yejin Heo, Tommy Bui, Arianna Tovar Vetencourt","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250701-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250701-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To further explore the specific cognitive and behavioral challenges that may be associated with visual difficulties by examining demographic, health, and behavioral data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pediatric data from the 2022 NHIS were analyzed using the JMP Pro 16 software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify associations among variables including visual difficulties, demographics, overall health, life satisfaction, learning disabilities, and behavioral subscale scores as assessed by caregivers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children between 2 and 17 years of age with difficulty seeing according to their caretakers were less satisfied with life and had a higher prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, autism, developmental delay, and learning disabilities. Controlling for these conditions, children with visual difficulties received higher scores on all behavioral subscales, suggesting an association with more behavioral challenges, as perceived by caregivers. These subscales included peer problems, hyperactivity, conduct problems, and emotional problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was a correlation between difficulty seeing and emotional, cognitive, and behavioral challenges as reported by caregivers. Although these findings must be interpreted with caution due to their reliance on caregiver perception, pediatricians may consider ophthalmologic evaluation as part of a comprehensive assessment for children presenting with mental health or behavioral concerns, given the observed associations between visual difficulties and behavioral challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Anxiety, Depression, and Hopelessness Levels in Parents After Retinopathy of Prematurity Examination.","authors":"Ayse Ipek Akyuz Unsal, Sinan Bekmez, Sayime Aydin Eroglu, Erol Erkan, Özge Key Abdullayev, Vesile Altinyazar, Emir Volkan Altan, Imran Kurt Omurlu","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250530-06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate how permitting parents to be present during their infant's retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) staging examination affects their levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at two ROP centers, each following its routine parental attendance protocol. In the parent group, parents were permitted to accompany their infants during screenings, whereas in the no parent group, they were not. Parents completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Hopelessness Scale immediately following their infant's first ROP examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 123 parents participated, with 65 in the parent group and 58 in the no parent group. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding demographic and clinical variables, except for the proportion of mothers (<i>P</i> = .030). Anxiety, depression, and hopelessness did not significantly differ between the groups. Mothers exhibited higher depression scores than fathers in both groups (<i>P</i> = .011 for the parent group; <i>P</i> = .036 for the no parent group) and higher anxiety scores in the parent group (<i>P</i> = .029). Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) duration positively correlated with anxiety (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>P</i> < .001) and depression (<i>r</i> = 0.25, <i>P</i> = .006). Gestational age and birth weight showed weak negative correlations with anxiety (<i>r</i> = -0.29, <i>P</i> = .001; <i>r</i> = -0.25, <i>P</i> = .006, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Witnessing ROP examinations did not significantly affect parental psychological outcomes. Notably, mothers experienced higher emotional distress than fathers, possibly due to extended NICU stays. Considering parents' opinions before including them in ROP examinations is essential for empathetic and ethical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Student Awareness of Pediatric Ophthalmology as a Potential, Future Vocation.","authors":"Jonathan M Bindi, Shira L Robbins, Cade J Nelson, Eric A Packwood","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250619-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250619-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore whether earlier exposure to the pediatric ophthalmology subspecialty could help foster interest and enhance recruitment efforts among medical students to more effectively develop and connect with potential, future pediatric ophthalmologists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 22-question survey was administered via Qualtrics to medical students at 13 different accredited medical schools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey garnered 392 complete responses. Demographically, respondents included 34% men and 66% women, with the largest participant category being MS-2 level (44%) in the survey. Three-quarters of students expressed potential interest in working with children as practicing physicians. Notably, only 8% of students had encountered pediatric ophthalmology rotations during their training, and 40% were uninformed about the training necessary to pursue a pediatric ophthalmology fellowship. The following associations with higher awareness of pediatric ophthalmology were found to be statistically significant: female gender identity, individuals with a family member or friend who is an ophthalmologist, and students with a personal medical history involving an ophthalmologist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the significant deficiency in medical student exposure and education concerning pediatric ophthalmology. By recognizing this knowledge gap, this study underscores the necessity of enhancing pediatric ophthalmology exposure for medical students as a viable and rewarding career option.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botulinum Toxin Injection With Reduced Volume in the Absence of Electromyographic Assistance for Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia of 25 Prism Diopters or Less.","authors":"Jianming Zheng, Bingbin Ma, Ying Wang, Tao Shen, Xinping Yu, Jingchang Chen","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250124-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250124-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) injection with reduced volume without electromyographic guidance for the treatment of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) of 25 prism diopters (PD) or less.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors reviewed the medical records of 60 patients with AACE of 25 PD or less, including 40 patients treated with BTXA injections (BTXA group) and 20 patients treated with Fresnel prism (Fresnel prism group). Patients in the BTXA group were injected with 5 to 6.25 U of BTXA in 0.04 mL of saline into bilateral medial rectus muscles in the absence of electromyography. Patients in the Fresnel prism group wore Fresnel prisms at a minimum amount that could eliminate diplopia. Success was defined with deviations of 10 PD or less at both distance and near fixations and with resolution of diplopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the BTXA group, the success rate of the first injection was 100% after 1 week, but decreased to 57.5% (23/40) after 6 months; the cumulative success rate of two injections was 77.5% (31/40) after 6 months; and one eye (0.93%, 1/108) had complicated mild ptosis. In the Fresnel prism group, the success rate was 5% (1/20) after 6 months of treatment. The difference in cumulative success rate between the two groups was significant (chi-square = 28.158, <i>P</i> < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BTXA injection with reduced volume in the absence of electromyography is a simple, effective, and safe modality for patients with AACE who have a small to moderate deviation. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2025;62(4):271-277.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"271-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotoxic Implications of Vincristine in Pediatric: Ophthalmology: A Case Series.","authors":"Iniya K Adhan, Jacob Martin, Tracey Strombeck, Smith Ann M Chisholm, Heather Stiff","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors report a retrospective case series of three pediatric patients receiving vincristine who developed varying degrees and laterality of ptosis and abduction deficits. Treatment for these patients included use of thiamine, pyridoxine, and adjusting vincristine administration. These cases add to the variability of findings and treatment of vincristine neurotoxicity. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2025;62(4):e51-e53.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"62 4","pages":"e51-e53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Alternative to Medial Rectus Muscle Recession for Acute Acquired Esotropia.","authors":"Rudolph S Wagner","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250618-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250618-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"62 4","pages":"232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of a Case of Dragged-Fovea Diplopia Syndrome.","authors":"Ilana B Friedman, Mitchell Strominger, Ronald G W Teed, Rudolph S Wagner","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250423-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250423-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"62 4","pages":"233-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}