Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Decision Dilemma: To Remove or Not to Remove the Buckle in a 4-Year-Old Girl.","authors":"Nancy Arias-González, Giselle DeOliveira, Audina M Berrocal","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250724-09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144976845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Demographics and Qualities of Retinal Hemorrhages in Patients With Non-accidental Trauma.","authors":"Florence Yan, Catherine Sano, Md Sohel Rana, William P Madigan","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250724-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and type of retinal hemorrhages in patients with non-accidental trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical charts of patients with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes corresponding to non-accidental trauma and retinal hemorrhage at one institution in Washington, DC, from 2010 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic information including race and ethnicity, age, sex, and insurance coverage were recorded. Retinal hemorrhage characteristics (including the layer depth and the extension of hemorrhage), and follow-up visual acuity data were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that patients with deep or sub-retinal hemorrhages were more likely to have Medicaid insurance than those with preretinal hemorrhages (<i>P</i> = .049). Patients with hemorrhages extending to the periphery and ora serrata were younger than those with hemorrhages concentrated around the disc (<i>P</i> = .018). The duration of time before the first follow-up visit was significantly longer for Hispanic/Latino/Spanish patients, and the duration of time to the second follow-up visit was significantly longer for patients who had Medicaid.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous studies discerning correlative factors for pediatric patients with non-accidental trauma who have severe retinal hemorrhage. The significant associations between Medicaid insurance and young age with more severe retinal hemorrhages may provide insight to help establish priorities for interventions to reduce non-accidental trauma events in these demographic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conjunctival Melanoma Arising From Nevus in a Young Woman.","authors":"Shannon R Walsh, Yu-Bai Chou, Carol L Shields","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250724-05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Retinal and Choroidal Structure in Children Receiving Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy for Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency.","authors":"Rasit Dilek, Tuba Seven Menevşe","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250701-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250701-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate retinal parameters and choroidal structural changes in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) and compare them with healthy children, and to find out whether these parameters are affected by growth hormone replacement therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 56 patients diagnosed as having IGHD were included in the study. The control group consisted of 46 healthy children, carefully matched for age and sex, with no systemic or ocular problems. All patients and controls underwent enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography to measure the central macular thickness (CMT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroidal luminal area, stromal area, and the total area. Choroidal vascular index (CVI) was calculated as the ratio of luminal area to total choroidal area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of age, gender, axial length, best corrected visual acuity, and intraocular pressure (<i>P</i> > .50). There were no significant differences in CMT and RNFL thickness between the study and control groups (<i>P</i> = .91 and .78, respectively). However, mean SFCT was significantly lower in the study group (333.7 ± 37.9 µm) than in the control group (351.2 ± 34.3 µm) (<i>P</i> = .01). Similarly, luminal area, total choroidal area, and CVI were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (<i>P</i> < .05). Although no significant change was observed in CMT and RNFL thickness 12 months after growth hormone replacement therapy in the study group (<i>P</i> > .05), a significant increase was noted in SFCT, luminal area, total choroidal area, and CVI (<i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows that patients with IGHD have lower SCT and CVI values compared to healthy children. Growth hormone treatment appears to be associated with choroidal development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring a Quantitative Formula for the Total Surgical Amount in Patients With Type III Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia.","authors":"Xiaojun Ren, Dongkan Li, Xian Li, Pengjun Wang, Siyu Chen, Shiling Huang, Naikun Jiang, Meihua Pan, Huan He, Yi-Chen Chiang","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250724-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To establish a dose-response reference for surgical planning in type III acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included consecutive patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral medial rectus recession for type III AACE or common forms of esotropia correction from January 2019 to August 2023. All patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 months were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 269 participants were included in the study, with 170 having type III AACE and 99 having esotropia. The mean age of the participants was 20.93 ± 12.83 years, including 166 males and 103 females, with preoperative angles of deviation measuring 35.37 ±13.18 degrees. It was found that preoperative horizontal deviation had a significant impact on the total surgical amount required by the patients. When predicting the total surgical amount for patients with type III AACE, the recommended regression equation is Y = 3.259 + 0.174 × preoperative horizontal deviation. Additionally, for patients with type III AACE who had preoperative horizontal deviation less than 40 degrees, the quantified reference formula for the total surgical amount was Y = 1.746 + 0.236 × preoperative horizontal deviation. For patients with type III AACE who had preoperative horizontal deviation of 40 degrees or greater, the quantified reference formula for the total surgical amount was Y = 4.600 + 0.143 × preoperative horizontal deviation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study conducted a detailed quantitative analysis of the impact of preoperative horizontal deviation levels on the total surgical amount for patients with type III AACE and established specific quantitative reference formulas to inform surgeons' surgical planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144976812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Year Review of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Cyprus: Risk Factors and Screening Effectiveness.","authors":"Vivi Choleva, Stylianos Christodoulou, Fedonas Herodotou, Annalisa Quattrocchi, Dimitris Kola, Neofytos Michael, Chryso Hadjichrysanthou","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250619-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250619-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Cyprus and evaluate the validity of United Kingdom-based screening criteria on the population. The findings aimed to optimize ROP screening guidelines for improved neonatal care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study of 183 children undergoing ROP screening from January to December 2023 in the only tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Cyprus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 infants developed ROP (18%) and 11 of these had vision-threatening ROP. Nine infants received treatment and two died prior to treatment. The youngest infant with ROP was born at 24 weeks of gestation and the oldest was born at 32 weeks. Gestational age, birth weight, sepsis, and long oxygen duration have a strong association with ROP, whereas race, multiple births, blood transfusion, and other operations in the neonatal age are not associated with ROP. Every week of increase in gestational age is correlated with reduction in ROP incidence. The severe prematurity group born at 24 to 28 weeks had the highest risk of vision-threatening disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the analysis of a cohort of 183 preterm infants who underwent ROP screening over 1 year in the only tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit in Cyprus, the authors concluded that the 2008 United Kingdom ROP screening criteria are appropriate and valid for this population because no cases of treatment-requiring ROP were missed. The findings indicate that the severity of prematurity is the primary determinant of ROP risk, whereas other independent risk factors appear to have a comparatively lesser impact on the development of ROP. Importantly, this represents the first epidemiological study of ROP in Cyprus, providing a nationally representative assessment of ROP incidence and screening effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standard Monofocal Intraocular Lenses Versus Enhanced Monofocal Intraocular Lenses for Children 6 to 13 Years Old With Pediatric Cataract.","authors":"Shaza Elzawahry, Hala Elhilali, Ahmed Awadein, Ghada Gawdat, Sara Maher","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250530-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate whether using an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) in the pediatric age group can improve the visual performance at varying distances in comparison to standard monofocal lenses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-five eyes of children aged 6 to 13 years with unilateral or bilateral cataract were prospectively randomized into two groups: the monofocal group (23 eyes) who had a standard monofocal aspheric lens (Tecnis Model ZCB00) implanted and the enhanced mono-focal group (22 eyes) who had an enhanced monofocal lens (Tecnis Eyhance ICB00) implanted (both Johnson & Johnson Vision). Target refraction was emmetropia. Visual acuity was measured at distance, intermediate, and near distance 3 months postoperatively. Defocus curves wearing distance correction were plotted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unilateral cataract surgery with Eyhance and Tecnis monofocal implantation was performed in 10 and 9 patients, respectively. Thirteen children underwent bilateral surgery, 4 had an Eyhance IOL implanted in one eye and a Tecnis monofocal IOL in the other eye, 4 had bilateral Eyhance IOL implantation, and 5 had bilateral Tecnis mono-focal IOL implantation. Uncorrected and corrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity, and the power of near add were comparable between both groups (<i>P</i> > .05). Mean visual acuity through the defocus range was significantly better (<i>P</i> < .01) in the Eyhance group (0.30 vs 0.41).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Use of an enhanced monofocal IOL improved visual performance at intermediate distances of greater than 1 meter but did not reduce the power of spectacles needed for distances of less than 1 meter.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (Fog Vision +0.50 D) Combined With 0.01% Atropine on the Preclinical and Early Stages of Myopia in Children.","authors":"Qiuyu Zhao, Zhijian Zhao, Gaorao Zhao, Liping Xue, Li Chen, Guanglong Zhou, Jiarui Liang, Man Qin, Min Hu","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250530-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To retrospectively analyze the efficacy of multi-zone positive optical defocus lenses (DIMS) + fog vision + 0.01% atropine for the treatment of children with preclinical and early stages of myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The axial length (AL) and refraction were analyzed at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up in 192 eyes treated with combined therapy. The success of treatment was defined as an annual AL growth rate within the physiological growth range and myopia progression of -0.50 diopters (D)/year or greater. Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the percentage of treatment success in the overall population compared to the subgroups based on baseline AL and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the success rates were 87% and 93% for AL control and myopia control, respectively. Compared to before combined therapy, there was an increase in AL after treatment (boys: <i>P</i> < .001; girls: <i>P</i> < .001). The change in spherical equivalent (SE) was consistent with the change in AL, with both boys and girls showing an increase in SE after treatment, with a statistically significant difference in girls (boys: <i>P</i> = .059; girls: <i>P</i> = .001). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of treatment success in either boys or girls based on baseline AL and age subgroups compared to the overall population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The treatment regimen of DIMS + fog vision + 0.01% atropine demonstrated significant control effects on myopia in preclinical and early stages of myopia in children across different genders, baseline ALs, and ages. Timely intervention is recommended once a tendency toward myopia is observed in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Polymorphism and Surgical Considerations of the Anterior Ciliary Vessels.","authors":"Meihua Pan, Renyi Xie, Mei Yang","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250530-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the results of a survey on the anterior ciliary vessels (ACVs) based on intraoperative and postoperative observation to help surgeons better understand and more easily manipulate the ACVs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study. Patients with horizontal strabismus who had bilateral recession on the lateral rectus (LR) or medial rectus (MR) muscle and patients with vertical strabismus were included. Patients with consecutive strabismus who had previous strabismus surgery with ACV preservation were also included. The surgical images of ACVs were recorded and the anatomic and morphological characteristics were observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 212 patients included in the study. Bilateral ACVs on the LR or MR of most patients were polymorphous and markedly different. Most ACVs of the LR were generally more superficial than those of other three rectus muscles. Moreover, although there was no apparent fascia tissue connected between ACVs on the other three rectus muscles, most ACVs on the LR were fully located within the orbital fascia of the muscle. So the ACVs on the LR could be separated from the surface of the muscle as a whole, whereas the ACVs on other three rectus muscles could be only preserved one by one.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ACVs have obvious polymorphism. Nevertheless, most ACVs of the LR are positioned within the fascial tissue on the muscle surface; therefore all ACVs of the LR can be easily separated from the muscle as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Associations of Congenital Optic Nerve Hypoplasia With Microcornea/Sclerocornea.","authors":"Puja Maitra, Savithiri Palanivel, Aditya Maitray, Anand Rajendran","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250424-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250424-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To highlight ophthalmic and imaging features associated with congenital optic nerve aplasia (ONA) in eyes with microcornea/sclerocornea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective series of patients with microcornea/sclerocornea with suspected posterior segment pathology who underwent detailed clinical evaluation and imaging with ultrasound B-scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Evaluation by a low vision clinic for rehabilitation and genetic testing was offered to all infants and they were referred to a pediatrician/endocrinologist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight eyes of 5 infants (3 bilateral and 2 unilateral) presented between 3 months and 4 years of age, with microcornea in 6 of 8 eyes, of which sclerocornea was noted in 5 eyes. B-scan and MRI confirmed ONA and additional features included crumpled or dysplastic retina, total close funnel retinal detachment, or presence of a stalk-like structure (n = 5) or absent lens (n = 2). Three eyes had a view of the posterior segment and showed absent/rudimentary disk, absent retinal vessels, or crumpled retinal tissue with mottled pigmented or tessellated background. Two infants had chiasmal aplasia and 1 infant had a midline lesion in the parieto-occipital region with chiasmal deviation to the right. Balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocation and <i>PITX3</i> mutation was noted in the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ONA is possibly underdiagnosed due to a focus on other obvious findings, such as microphthalmos/microcornea, poor media clarity obscuring visualization, and lack of imaging to ascertain the optic nerve status. The diagnosis of congenital ONA is significant due to its genetic and systemic implications where the ophthalmologist has the chance to identify it and refer patients for genetic and pediatric assessment, in addition to playing an important role in initiating early visual rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}