Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Botulinum Toxin A for Management of Consecutive Exotropia: Factors Affecting Treatment Success.","authors":"Betul Tugcu, Humeyra Yildirim, Merve Sena Kunduracı, Ersin Akbulut, Bilge Araz Ersan","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250117-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250117-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection as a re-treatment procedure in patients with consecutive exotropia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of 34 patients who underwent botulinum toxin type A injection for consecutive exotropia were retrospectively reviewed. Five units of botulinum toxin type A was applied to the unilateral lateral rectus muscle, and the injection was administered under electromyography guidance. Successful motor alignment was defined as a far deviation within 10 prism diopters (PD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 34 patients were included in the study. Twenty-six patients (76.5%) had acquired esotropia and 8 patients (23.5%) had infantile esotropia. The average age of the patients was 169 ± 88.9 months. The mean time elapsed between the last surgery and botulinum toxin injection was 67.8 ± 78 months. The mean before botulinum toxin type A injection deviation was 20.03 ± 8.42 PD at near and 21.41 ± 8.87 PD at distance. The deviation after botulinum toxin type A injection was 9.65 ± 7.42 PD at near and 10.82 ± 7.33 PD at distance. All patients were followed up for 19.8 ± 20 months. The average number of injections was 1.6 ± 1.1. The final success rate was 73.5%. The first month's near deviation was significantly associated with treatment success (<i>P</i> = .012). Post-injection fusion potential had a weak association with the 6-month and overall treatment success (<i>P</i> = .073 and .057, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study demonstrate that botulinum toxin type A injection can be an effective, safe treatment option in consecutive exotropia. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2025;62(4):258-264.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"258-269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fovea Plana and Solar Retinopathy in a Child: OCT and OCTA Findings.","authors":"Erkut Küçük, Hüseyin Yeşilyurt","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250507-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250507-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report presents a pediatric case of bilateral fovea plana and right solar retinopathy, using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography findings to evaluate the effects of these conditions on retinal structure and vasculature. The findings underscore the diagnostic utility of these imaging modalities in assessing concurrent retinal disorders and demonstrate that, despite the involvement of the outer retinal layers in solar retinopathy, the retinal and choroidal vascular structures were unaffected. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2025;62(4):e42-e45.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"62 4","pages":"e42-e45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Treatment Success of Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia With a Single Injection of Botulinum Toxin A: An Observational Case Series Study.","authors":"Sandra C Ganesh, Rebecca Claire Lusobya, Jogitha, Shilpa G Rao, Muhammed Sithiq Uduman, Renuka Devi, Kalpana Narendran","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250110-04","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250110-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of botulinum toxin A injection into the medial rectus muscle to treat acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational case series study included patients diagnosed as having AACE from January 2021 to December 2023 at a tertiary eye care center in South India willing to undergo botulinum toxin injections as the first treatment who experienced sudden-onset esotropia with diplopia. Their demographics, duration of symptoms, and visual acuity were recorded. Orthoptic evaluations, including measurement of esodeviation (prism cover test) for distance and near fixation, assessment of binocularity (Worth 4-dot test), anterior and posterior segment evaluations, and cycloplegic refraction, were conducted for all cases. Neurological examinations and relevant imaging studies were performed. All participants received a predetermined botulinum toxin A dose injected into the medial rectus muscle. Evaluations were conducted at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year after injection. Main outcome measures were ocular deviation and restoration of binocularity after botulinum toxin A injection. Motor success after injection was defined as angle of deviation less than 8 prism diopters of esotropia and sensory success as absence of diplopia .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 72 patients were included in the study. Their mean age was 10.39 ± 5.73 years (range: 2 to 24 years) and 49 (68.1%) were male and 23 (31.9%) were female. Forty-nine (63.88%) had emmetropia, 7 (9.7%) had myopia, and 19 (26.38%) had hyperopia. After injection, the percentage of patients experiencing diplopia reduced from 79.2% at presentation (n = 57) to 18.6% at 1 week after injection (n = 13), 4.9% at 1 month after injection (n = 3), 2.2% at 3 months after injection (n = 1), and none at 6 months and 1 year after injection. Forty-two (58.3%) patients for distance and 41 (56.9%) for near attained motor and sensory success as early as 1 week after injection. Of the 28 patients who attended follow-up visits more than 1 year after injection, 85.7% maintained both motor and sensory success.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Botulinum toxin A is an effective first-line treatment for patients with AACE. It provides sustainable motor and sensory restoration, faster rehabilitation, and reduced need for invasive surgery in at least two-thirds of patients. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2025;62(4):237-244.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"237-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis and Refractive Amblyopia Risk Factors in Children With Chalazia: Safety Considerations in Telehealth Management.","authors":"Elyssa Dionne, Daniel Henick, Jill Rotruck","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250227-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250227-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the prevalence of corneal changes and refractive amblyopia risk factors (ARFs) associated with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC) to evaluate the safety of remote pediatric chalazion management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors retrospectively reviewed 381 in-person patients with chalazia 0 to younger than 18 years. The prevalence of corneal changes associated with BKC in all patients with chalazion 0 to younger than 18 years was compared with the population prevalence. Patient-reported symptoms were compared in patients with chalazion with and without corneal findings associated with BKC. The 2021 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) ARF and visually significant refractive error failure level definitions were used to compare population prevalence of refractive ARFs to prevalence in patients with chalazia younger than 9 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten of 381 patients with a chalazion (2.62%) had simultaneous active corneal changes associated with BKC, with a relative risk compared to the population of 444.9739 (<i>P</i> < .0001); 90% reported eye pain, eye redness, photophobia, or blurred vision. The prevalence of patients with a chalazion who concurrently met the 2021 AAPOS ARF and visually significant refractive error failure level definitions was 9.89% in 71 patients younger than 48 months and 21.79% in 78 patients 48 months to younger than 9 years. The relative risk of refractive ARFs was 1.7871 (<i>P</i> = .1397) in patients with chalazion younger than 48 months and 1.8014 (<i>P</i> = .0261) in those 48 months to younger than 9 years compared to the general population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The elevated risk of corneal changes associated with BKC in patients with chalazia 0 to younger than 18 years and refractive ARFs in patients with chalazia 48 months to younger than 9 years should prompt screening for these conditions in association with teleophthalmology encounters. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2025;62(4):278-285.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"278-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Generative AI to Enhance Patient Education on Retinopathy of Prematurity.","authors":"Qais A Dihan, Andrew D Brown, Ana T Zaldivar, Kendall E Montgomery, Muhammad Z Chauhan, Seif E Abdelnaem, Arsalan A Ali, Sayena Jabbehdari, Amr Azzam, Ahmed B Sallam, Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250515-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250515-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in generating patient education materials (PEMs) on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ChatGPT-3.5 (OpenAI), ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI), and Gemini (Google AI) were compared on three separate prompts. Prompt A requested that each LLM generate a novel PEM on ROP. Prompt B requested generated PEMs at the 6th-grade reading level using the validated Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) readability formula. Prompt C requested LLMs improve the readability of existing, human-written PEMs to a 6th-grade reading level. PEMs inserted into Prompt C were sourced through a Google search of \"retinopathy of prematurity.\" Each PEM was analyzed for readability (SMOG, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level [FKGL]), quality (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool [PEMAT], DISCERN), and accuracy (Likert Misinformation Scale).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LLM-generated PEMs were of high quality (median DISCERN = 4), understandable (PEMAT-U ≥ 70%), and accurate (Likert = 1). Prompt B generated more readable PEMs than Prompt A (<i>P</i> < .001). ChatGPT-4 and Gemini rewrote PEMs (Prompt C) from a baseline readability level (FKGL: 8.8 ± 1.9, SMOG: 8.6 ± 1.5) to the targeted 6th-grade reading level. Only ChatGPT-4 rewrites maintained high quality and reliability (median DISCERN = 4).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LLMs, particularly ChatGPT-4, can serve as strong supplementary tools to automate the process of generating readable and high-quality PEMs for parents on ROP. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XXX-XXX.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereopsis Outcome in Refractive Accommodative Esotropia Successfully Treated With an Age of Onset Within 6 Months of Life.","authors":"Teiji Yagasaki, Yoshimi Yokoyama, Ayaka Yagasaki, Kenta Hozumi","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250515-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250515-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate factors influencing stereopsis outcomes in patients with fully refractive accommodative esotropia (RAET) that developed within the first 6 months of life, and were successfully aligned within 10 prism diopters of orthophoria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 29 patients with RAET, aged 6 months or younger at onset. Patients were divided into two groups based on stereopsis outcomes: measurable (n = 11) and nil (n = 18). The study variables included age at esotropia onset, age at initial visit, age at first wearing of glasses, duration of misalignment, duration of treatment, cycloplegic refraction, and angle of ocular deviation. Additionally, the relationship between the timing of initial wearing of glasses (≤ 8 months) and stereopsis outcomes was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found between the measurable and nil groups in any of the measured variables. The frequencies of measurable stereopsis outcomes also showed no significant differences between patients with a duration of misalignment of 4 months or less (n = 7) and those with a duration of more than 4 months (n = 22) (57% [4/7] vs 32% [7/22]; <i>P</i> = .375, Fisher's exact test). However, the frequencies of measurable stereopsis outcomes in patients treated with first wearing of cycloplegic glasses at 8 months or younger (n = 9) were significantly higher than those treated with first wearing of cycloplegic glasses at older than 8 months (n = 20) (66% [6/9] vs 25% [5/20]; <i>P</i> = .048, Fisher's exact test).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most important factor associated with a measurable stereopsis outcome was age at first wearing of cycloplegic glasses (≤ 8 months), with 66% of these patients achieving measurable stereopsis. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XXX-XXX.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Myopia Progression in Children on the Risk of Retinal Detachment: A Comprehensive Outcomes Analysis.","authors":"Shon Shmushkevich, Shannan Berzack, Sandi Bajrami, Patrick Higgins, Rudolph S Wagner","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250515-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250515-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the long-term association between childhood myopia and the risk of retinal detachment over a 10-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX platform, which included 66 United States health care organizations' electronic medical records. Children diagnosed as having myopia (n = 151,499) were compared to a control group of children without myopia who received routine health examinations (n = 5,073,124). Propensity score matching was applied to control for age, gender, and race, resulting in 145,814 patients in each cohort for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within the study period from October 16, 2004 to October 16, 2024, 657 children (0.5%) in the myopic cohort and 63 children (0.04%) in the control cohort developed retinal detachment. The risk difference was 0.004 (95% CI: 0.004 to 0.004, <i>P</i> < .001), with a risk ratio of 10.43. The odds ratio was 10.47 (95% CI: 8.09 to 13.56). The average number of retinal detachments per child between the cohorts was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with myopia are at an increased risk of retinal detachment over a 10-year period. This highlights an urgent need for early detection and monitoring of these children to prevent myopia progression and retinal detachment. The findings reinforce the growing need for public health measures and clinical approaches aimed at slowing myopia progression in pediatric populations. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XXXXXX.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult-Onset Comitant Esotropia: Patient Characteristics and Medical Evaluation.","authors":"Iniya K Adhan, Laurel Lam, Matthew Wallingford, Karen E Lee, Tobin Thuma, Khanh Bui, Nikhil Mehta, Nathan Delacth, Angela Yang, Bruce Schnall, Kammi B Gunton","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250404-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250404-05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To categorize the demographics, clinical profile, and medical work-up findings in adult-onset comitant esotropia (AOCET).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors conducted a retrospective study of adult patients with AOCET and without a history of childhood strabismus, prior strabismus surgery, ocular trauma, recent concussion, other neurologic symptoms excluding diplopia, duction deficit, or evidence of sixth cranial nerve palsy. Patients were analyzed by age of onset and refractive error.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred sixty-eight patients were included, for which the mean age was 53.7 ± 19.3 years. There were more women (62.7%) than men (37.3%) overall and in every age decade. The mean refractive error was -3.22 ± 3.84 diopters, with myopia being prevalent in the younger decades, whereas the proportion of hypermetropia increased as age of onset increased. The overall mean distance esotropia was 17.2 ± 13.1 prism diopters, and was seen in an inverse relationship pattern with higher mean esotropia in the younger cohorts and lower mean esotropia in older patients. An etiology for esotropia was identified in 18 of 268 (6.7%) but only revealed new diagnoses for 6 patients: 4 thyroid eye disease, 1 myasthenia gravis, and 1 multiple sclerosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study revealed a predominantly female, White, and myopic cohort. Testing for thyroid eye disease, myasthenia gravis, and neuroimaging rarely found an underlying medical cause for AOCET. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XXX-XXX.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous Endophthalmitis in Children: A 5-Year Retrospective Study in Vietnam.","authors":"Ngan-Ha Nguyen, Minh-Phu Nguyen, Hung Phu Trang Nguyen, Hoa Kieu Mai, Son Truong Do, Hai Xuan Ho, Anshuman Agrawal, Bo Wang, Michael X Repka","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250404-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250404-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the findings and outcomes in pediatric endogenous endophthalmitis cases over a 5-year period in Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All cases of pediatric endogenous endophthalmitis seen at Vietnam National Eye Hospital from 2016 to 2020 (n = 157) were retrospectively studied. Data on epidemiology, microbiology, clinical manifestations, ultrasound findings, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Success was defined as visual acuity of counting fingers at 1 meter or better if visual acuity testing could be done, and a fully attached retina, controlled intraocular pressure, and no phthisis bulbi.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean patient age was 6.0 ± 3.8 years. Gram-positive cocci were the most common causative agents (45.2%), followed by Gram-negative bacilli (10.8%). Among 31 cases in which both vitreous and aqueous specimens were collected, 17 (54.8%) showed discordant microbiological results. The overall treatment success rate was 38.2%. An initial visual acuity better than light perception was associated with a higher success rate (45.8% vs 16.7%, <i>P</i> < .05). Children presenting with ultrasound grade 3 vitreous opacity had a lower success rate compared to those with grades 1 and 2 combined (38.1% vs 69.6%, <i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gram-positive cocci were the most frequently identified pathogens in children with endogenous endophthalmitis in Vietnam. The low agreement between smear stain and culture results indicates that using both methods could enhance diagnostic accuracy. Initial visual acuity at admission and the degree of vitreous opacity were recognized as important prognostic factors for treatment outcomes. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.</i> 20XX;X(X):XXX-XXX.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality and Readability of Patient Educational Materials Generated by ChatGPT-4o for Pediatric Ophthalmologic Surgeries.","authors":"Albert Yang, Mark Reid, Angeline M Nguyen, Sudha Nallasamy, Federico G Velez, Alejandra G de Alba Campomanes, Melinda Y Chang","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250404-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20250404-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the quality and readability of ChatGPT-4o-generated (ChatGPT) (OpenAI) patient education materials (PEMs) about pediatric ophthalmo-logic surgical procedures and compare these to PEMs from the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) website.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors prompted ChatGPT-4o to provide PEMs on four procedures-strabismus surgery without adjustable sutures, strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures, pediatric cataract surgery, and nasolacrimal duct probing. The prompt requested responses at a 6th grade level in both Spanish and English. English ChatGPT responses were compared to AAPOS PEMs on quality (using the Quality of Generated Language Outputs for Patients [QGLOP] scale) and readability. English and Spanish ChatGPT responses were also compared on quality and readability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on average scores from the four procedures, AAPOS PEMs were superior to English ChatGPT responses on the accuracy, currency, and tone sub-scales of the QGLOP score (4.0 ± 0 vs 2.79 ± 0.79, <i>P</i> = .0021; 3.79 ± 0.26 vs 3.38 ± 0.71, <i>P</i> = .033; 4.0 ± 0 vs 3.42 ± 0.69, <i>P</i> = .042, respectively). There was no significant difference in readability between AAPOS PEMs and English ChatGPT responses. English and Spanish Chat- GPT responses did not significantly differ on quality or readability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ChatGPT-4o-generated PEMs on pediatric ophthalmologic surgical conditions are currently inferior in quality to PEMs on the AAPOS website. However, because ChatGPT is continually being updated and trained, this study should be repeated in the future to determine whether metrics improve over time. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XXX-XXX.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}