Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus最新文献_第2页

A Systematic Analysis of Amblyopia and Strabismus in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Across Tertiary Referral Centers in the United States. 美国三级转诊中心对自闭症谱系障碍儿童弱视和斜视的系统分析。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20251204-01

Julia Goetz, Oluchukwu Onwuka, Jee-Young Moon, Anurag Shrivastava, Sunju Park

{"title":"A Systematic Analysis of Amblyopia and Strabismus in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Across Tertiary Referral Centers in the United States.","authors":"Julia Goetz, Oluchukwu Onwuka, Jee-Young Moon, Anurag Shrivastava, Sunju Park","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20251204-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20251204-01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of amblyopia and/or strabismus in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in tertiary referral centers across the United States and rates of surgical management of strabismus.Methods: A systematic analysis of pediatric patients diagnosed as having ASD was performed using the Sight Outcomes Research Collaborative (SOURCE) database. Prevalence, odds ratios, and the rate of surgical management for strabismus were determined compared to age-matched controls.Results: Strabismus and/or amblyopia was present in 35% of patients with ASD and 29% of age-matched controls (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.254 to 1.415, P < .001). Exotropia was more common than esotropia in both the ASD and control groups. The mean age at first ophthalmologic evaluation was 5.2 years for both controls and patients with ASD and strabismus/amblyopia. However, among those without strabismus/amblyopia, patients with ASD were evaluated earlier (mean ± standard deviation [SD] = 6.7 ± 4.8 years) compared to controls (mean ± SD = 7.4 ± 5.8 years). Although the ASD population had a male predominance, females had higher rates of amblyopia and/or strabismus at 39% compared to males with ASD at 34%. In all age groups, children with ASD had significantly (P < .001) higher rates of amblyopia and/or strabismus when compared to controls. The analysis found children with ASD have a higher prevalence of strabismus and/or amblyopia, with an increasing rate of diagnosis over the past two decades.Conclusions: Findings support further research into both the underlying mechanisms of strabismus in neurodivergent children and overall trends in the diagnosis of ASD and concomitant ophthalmic disease.","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"335-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Conventional Occlusion and Inverse Occlusion in the Treatment of Amblyopia With Eccentric Fixation. 常规闭塞与逆闭塞治疗偏心固定弱视的比较。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20251028-01

Vaishali Tomar, Subhash Dadeya, Shipra Sharda, Aakanksha Raghuvanshi, Tushit Dhar, Shivani Kumari

{"title":"Comparison of Conventional Occlusion and Inverse Occlusion in the Treatment of Amblyopia With Eccentric Fixation.","authors":"Vaishali Tomar, Subhash Dadeya, Shipra Sharda, Aakanksha Raghuvanshi, Tushit Dhar, Shivani Kumari","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20251028-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20251028-01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare conventional and inverse occlusion in the treatment of amblyopia with eccentric fixation.Methods: This prospective randomized interventional study was conducted at a tertiary care center over a period of 1 year. Sixty patients with amblyopia (refractive or strabismic) with eccentric fixation who were older than 12 years were divided into two groups with systematic randomization: conventional occlusion (occlusion of sound eye for 6 hours/day) and inverse occlusion (occlusion of amblyopic eye for 6 hours/day). Patients with a systemic illness or neurological disorder were excluded. Follow-up data for corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), stereopsis, and fixation pattern were taken at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.Results: At the final follow-up visit, there was significant improvement in CDVA in the amblyopic eye in both the conventional occlusion (P = .007) and inverse occlusion (P < .001) groups. The mean ± standard deviation of CDVA improved from 1.32 ± 0.3 and 1.32 ± 0.32 logMAR at baseline to 1.17 ± 0.15 and 1.10 ± 0.27 logMAR in the conventional occlusion and inverse occlusion groups, respectively. Stereoacuity improved significantly in both groups (P = .013 and .016 in the conventional and inverse occlusion groups, respectively). Improvement in fixation function was statistically significant only in the inverse occlusion group I (P = .002).Conclusions: Both conventional and inverse occlusion therapy are effective in treating amblyopia with eccentric fixation in terms of improvement of visual acuity and stereopsis. However, for improvement in anomalous fixation pattern, inverse occlusion is preferred with no issues of compliance and functional limitation.","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"320-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender Disparities and Characteristics of Industry Payments Among Pediatric Ophthalmologists. 儿童眼科医生行业支付的性别差异及特点。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20251106-01

Andrea Arline, Suraj Bala, Victor C F Bellanda, Danny A Mammo, Allison Babiuch

{"title":"Gender Disparities and Characteristics of Industry Payments Among Pediatric Ophthalmologists.","authors":"Andrea Arline, Suraj Bala, Victor C F Bellanda, Danny A Mammo, Allison Babiuch","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20251106-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20251106-01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To characterize and quantify the distribution of industry payments by gender in pediatric ophthalmology.Methods: In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, the Open Payments Database was queried for industry payments to pediatric ophthalmologists in the United States from 2017 to 2023. Private research payments were compared to public research funding by the U.S. federal government. The Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator was used to adjust for inflation. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare payments between groups. The primary outcomes were gender, temporal, and geographic trends in industry funding, adjusted for inflation.Results: A total of 200 pediatric ophthalmologists received industry payments totaling $426,405.25 from 2017 to 2023. Despite representing 58.1% of the work-force, male pediatric ophthalmologists received 74.6% ($317,894.59) of total general payments. However, the median payment per ophthalmologist was $112.02 for men and $138.20 for women (P = .242). Only 24% of pediatric ophthalmologists received industry payments. The top 10 highest-paid pediatric ophthalmologists collectively received $348,801.66, representing 81.8% of the total sum. Kansas, Arizona, Missouri, Kentucky, and Colorado had the highest proportion of pediatric ophthalmologists receiving industry payments. Only three pediatric ophthalmologists (100% female) received industry research funding amounting to $7,843.09, compared to 186 investigators (33.9% female) receiving $279,545,982.00 in public funding over the study period.Conclusions: Both private industry payments and public research payments are limited and unevenly distributed in the field of pediatric ophthalmology. These findings add another layer of evidence to the systemic challenges faced by the subspeciality.","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"310-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recalcitrant Infectious Keratitis in DOCK8 Immunodeficiency Syndrome. DOCK8免疫缺陷综合征中的顽固性感染性角膜炎。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20260623-01

Vaibhav Nagpal, Prajakta Dandekar, Supriya Sharma, Somasheila I Murthy, Madhu Rai

引用次数: 0

Confronting the Uneven Landscape of Pediatric Ophthalmogy Public and Private Research Payments. 面对儿童眼科的公共和私人研究支付的不平衡景观。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20260813-01

Leonard B Nelson

引用次数: 0

A Clinical Approach to Establishing Normative Data in Pediatric OCT Angiography. 建立儿科OCT血管造影规范数据的临床探讨。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20251204-03

Michal Koubek, Jan Studnicka, Juraj Timkovic, Michal Brezik, Veronika Fialova, Jan Nemcansky

{"title":"A Clinical Approach to Establishing Normative Data in Pediatric OCT Angiography.","authors":"Michal Koubek, Jan Studnicka, Juraj Timkovic, Michal Brezik, Veronika Fialova, Jan Nemcansky","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20251204-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20251204-03","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate vascular parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in children and adolescents and to compare them with established normative data in adults, aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy and characterization of vascular pathologies in the pediatric population. A secondary objective was to assess the influence of ontogenesis on potential changes in vascular parameters.Methods: The authors selected 150 healthy children aged 6 to 15 years. Each child underwent wide-field OCTA focusing on the macula and temporal periphery (OCT Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering). Vascular density was semi-automatically calculated using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health). The OCTAVA macro was used simultaneously within ImageJ, specifically designed for processing OCTA images, to calculate the vascular density and the size of the foveal avascular zone.Results: The collected data were compared across different age categories for both the central and peripheral parts of the scans and found no relationship between the child's age and vascular density. Similarly, there was no direct correlation between the size of the foveal avascular zone and the individual's age. In contrast, the width of the capillaries in the choriocapillaris showed changes during adolescence.Conclusions: The creation of a normative database is the first step toward understanding the anatomical relationships and pathological changes in the retina and choroid in patients treated for internal diseases and those with hereditary and degenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"347-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Retinal and Intracranial Hemorrhages in Abusive Head Trauma: A Retrospective Study. 滥用性头部外伤中视网膜和颅内出血的诊断和预后价值：一项回顾性研究。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20251204-06

Brenton T Bicknell, Akanksha Malepati, Michael A Taylor, Trisha Agrawal, Stacey S Cofield, Robert Tauscher, Krupa H Patel

{"title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Retinal and Intracranial Hemorrhages in Abusive Head Trauma: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Brenton T Bicknell, Akanksha Malepati, Michael A Taylor, Trisha Agrawal, Stacey S Cofield, Robert Tauscher, Krupa H Patel","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20251204-06","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20251204-06","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence, patterns, and associations of retinal hemorrhages (RH) and intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) in confirmed abusive head trauma (AHT) cases, with attention to instances in which RH is identified without radiographic evidence of ICH.Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 137 confirmed AHT cases in children younger than 36 months treated between 2017 and 2023. Data included demographics, imaging results, skeletal surveys, and ophthalmologic examinations. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of RH and assess associations with ICH and clinical outcomes.Results: ICH was present in 87.6% of cases, most commonly subdural hemorrhage (76.6%). RH was identified in 63.5% of cases, including 3 (3/137, 2.2%) without visible ICH on computed tomography, all of which demonstrated marked cerebral edema that may have obscured underlying hemorrhage. Subdural hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR]: 4.90, 95% CI: 1.83 to 13.16, P = .001) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.32 to 10.52, P = .011) were independent predictors of RH, whereas abnormal skeletal survey (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.77, P = .010) and mention of injuries in the chief complaint (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.79, P = .014) were inversely associated. RH was significantly more likely in children older than 4 months (OR: 3.85, 95% CI: 1.50 to 9.87, P = .005) and was associated with increased mortality (26.4% vs 4.0%, P < .001).Conclusions: RH may occur in rare AHT cases without visible ICH, potentially due to masking by cerebral edema, supporting their continued role in clinical evaluation. The inverse association between RH and skeletal trauma suggests differing injury mechanisms, warranting further investigation.","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"373-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economic Burden of Vision Loss in Children and Adolescents in the United States. 美国儿童和青少年视力丧失的经济负担。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20251204-02

Blake Archer, Sean Berkowitz, Ravi Parikh, Franco Recchia, Shriji Patel

{"title":"Economic Burden of Vision Loss in Children and Adolescents in the United States.","authors":"Blake Archer, Sean Berkowitz, Ravi Parikh, Franco Recchia, Shriji Patel","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20251204-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20251204-02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To quantify the economic burden of vision loss in U.S. children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years.Methods: This was a cross-sectional economic analysis study using publicly available data sources from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This study employed a comprehensive data analysis using the American Community Survey, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, American Time Use Survey, Bureau of Labor Statistics, National and State Health Expenditure Accounts, and the National Health Interview Survey. Total costs attributed to vision loss among children were categorized into medical expenses, nursing home care, supportive services, and productivity losses. Data were stratified by state to investigate regional differences in economic burden within the continental United States.Results: The study found that in 2017, the average economic burden per-child with vision loss in the United States was $15,150 annually, with a total cost of approximately $9.4 billion annually. This compares to a cost of $13,110 per-person affected age 19 to 64 years and $21,560 per-person affected age 65 years or older. The per-affected child cost for males ($15,210) was slightly higher than for females ($15,090) and generally uniform across geographies. Productivity loss due to informal care requirements represented the largest cost driver at 73.2%.Conclusions: Vision loss in children and adolescents imposes a significant economic burden, particularly through productivity losses due to informal caregiving. The findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies that consider the regional disparities in economic impact and focus on preventive measures to reduce the long-term economic and social consequences of pediatric vision loss.","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"341-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retinal Screening for Risdiplam-Related Toxicity in Infants With Presymptomatic Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Evidence for Transient Cystoid Macular Edema as a Possible Developmental Variant. 在症状前脊髓性肌萎缩症婴儿中视网膜筛查利斯平相关毒性：一过性囊样黄斑水肿作为一种可能的发育变异的证据

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20251204-08

Anna Waldie, Morgan Kennedy, Kimberley Tan

{"title":"Retinal Screening for Risdiplam-Related Toxicity in Infants With Presymptomatic Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Evidence for Transient Cystoid Macular Edema as a Possible Developmental Variant.","authors":"Anna Waldie, Morgan Kennedy, Kimberley Tan","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20251204-08","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20251204-08","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To describe the presence and clinical course of cystoid macular edema (CME) in term infants with genetically confirmed presymptomatic spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) undergoing ophthalmologic monitoring for potential risdiplam-related retinal toxicity.Methods: A retrospective observational case series was conducted at Sydney Children's Hospital, a participating site in a trial for risdiplam. Eight term infants underwent serial handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) between 3 and 28 weeks of age. OCT images were reviewed for signs of retinal toxicity and morphological changes.Results: CME was observed in 2 of 8 infants (25%), one of whom had not yet initiated risdiplam therapy. In both cases, intraretinal cysts were bilateral, symmetrical, confined to the inner nuclear layer, and resolved spontaneously by 4 to 5 months of age. No subretinal fluid or other structural abnormalities were observed. These findings were not associated with visual symptoms or adverse outcomes.Conclusions: The spontaneous resolution and confinement of cystic changes to the inner retina in these infants suggest a benign, self-limiting process potentially unrelated to risdiplam. However, the small sample size and absence of a comparison group mean the data are insufficient to determine whether these changes are physiologic, associated with SMA, or treatment related. These findings highlight the need for normative neonatal OCT data to guide interpretation of early retinal findings and support the cautious hypothesis that inner retinal cystic changes may represent a physiologic stage of postnatal development.","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"361-367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Enucleation to Prevention: Evolution of Germline Retinoblastoma Management. 从去核到预防：生殖系视网膜母细胞瘤治疗的演变。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20260810-02

Antonio Bechara Ghobril, Sara E Lally, Carol L Shields

引用次数: 0