Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Associations Between Pediatric Mental Health and Vision From the 2022 National Health Interview Survey.","authors":"Yejin Heo, Tommy Bui, Arianna Tovar Vetencourt","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250701-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250701-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To further explore the specific cognitive and behavioral challenges that may be associated with visual difficulties by examining demographic, health, and behavioral data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pediatric data from the 2022 NHIS were analyzed using the JMP Pro 16 software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify associations among variables including visual difficulties, demographics, overall health, life satisfaction, learning disabilities, and behavioral subscale scores as assessed by caregivers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children between 2 and 17 years of age with difficulty seeing according to their caretakers were less satisfied with life and had a higher prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, autism, developmental delay, and learning disabilities. Controlling for these conditions, children with visual difficulties received higher scores on all behavioral subscales, suggesting an association with more behavioral challenges, as perceived by caregivers. These subscales included peer problems, hyperactivity, conduct problems, and emotional problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was a correlation between difficulty seeing and emotional, cognitive, and behavioral challenges as reported by caregivers. Although these findings must be interpreted with caution due to their reliance on caregiver perception, pediatricians may consider ophthalmologic evaluation as part of a comprehensive assessment for children presenting with mental health or behavioral concerns, given the observed associations between visual difficulties and behavioral challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"107-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plication-Augmented Modified Nishida's Procedure for Large-Angle Esotropia: A Case Series.","authors":"Vidhya Chandran, Rajesh Prabu, Srinivas Rao Nambula, Disha Agarwal","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260128-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20260128-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the surgical outcomes of a combined modified Nishida's procedure with medial rectus (MR) recession augmented with lateral rectus (LR) plication in patients with long-standing complete sixth nerve palsy presenting with large-angle esotropia (ET). This retrospective interventional case series included three patients with chronic traumatic complete sixth nerve palsy and large-angle ET (70 to 75 prism diopters [PD]). Postoperatively, two patients achieved orthophoria at distance and near and one patient had a small residual ET of 5 PD at 6 months. The combination of modified Nishida's procedure with MR recession and LR plication appears to be an effective single-stage surgical approach for large-angle esotropia (approximately 70 PD) associated with complete sixth nerve palsy. The technique provides substantial alignment correction, improved abduction, resolution of diplopia, and a reduced risk of anterior segment ischemia compared to full-tendon vertical rectus transposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"63 2","pages":"e6-e9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Student Awareness of Pediatric Ophthalmology as a Potential, Future Vocation.","authors":"Jonathan M Bindi, Shira L Robbins, Cade J Nelson, Eric A Packwood","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250619-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250619-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore whether earlier exposure to the pediatric ophthalmology subspecialty could help foster interest and enhance recruitment efforts among medical students to more effectively develop and connect with potential, future pediatric ophthalmologists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 22-question survey was administered via Qualtrics to medical students at 13 different accredited medical schools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey garnered 392 complete responses. Demographically, respondents included 34% men and 66% women, with the largest participant category being MS-2 level (44%) in the survey. Three-quarters of students expressed potential interest in working with children as practicing physicians. Notably, only 8% of students had encountered pediatric ophthalmology rotations during their training, and 40% were uninformed about the training necessary to pursue a pediatric ophthalmology fellowship. The following associations with higher awareness of pediatric ophthalmology were found to be statistically significant: female gender identity, individuals with a family member or friend who is an ophthalmologist, and students with a personal medical history involving an ophthalmologist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the significant deficiency in medical student exposure and education concerning pediatric ophthalmology. By recognizing this knowledge gap, this study underscores the necessity of enhancing pediatric ophthalmology exposure for medical students as a viable and rewarding career option.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"86-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring a Quantitative Formula for the Total Surgical Amount in Patients With Type III Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia.","authors":"Xiaojun Ren, Dongkan Li, Xian Li, Pengjun Wang, Siyu Chen, Shiling Huang, Naikun Jiang, Meihua Pan, Huan He, Yi-Chen Chiang","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To establish a dose-response reference for surgical planning in type III acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included consecutive patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral medial rectus recession for type III AACE or common forms of esotropia correction from January 2019 to August 2023. All patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 months were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 269 participants were included in the study, with 170 having type III AACE and 99 having esotropia. The mean age of the participants was 20.93 ± 12.83 years, including 166 males and 103 females, with preoperative angles of deviation measuring 35.37 ±13.18 degrees. It was found that preoperative horizontal deviation had a significant impact on the total surgical amount required by the patients. When predicting the total surgical amount for patients with type III AACE, the recommended regression equation is Y = 3.259 + 0.174 × preoperative horizontal deviation. Additionally, for patients with type III AACE who had preoperative horizontal deviation less than 40 degrees, the quantified reference formula for the total surgical amount was Y = 1.746 + 0.236 × preoperative horizontal deviation. For patients with type III AACE who had preoperative horizontal deviation of 40 degrees or greater, the quantified reference formula for the total surgical amount was Y = 4.600 + 0.143 × preoperative horizontal deviation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study conducted a detailed quantitative analysis of the impact of preoperative horizontal deviation levels on the total surgical amount for patients with type III AACE and established specific quantitative reference formulas to inform surgeons' surgical planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144976812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Anxiety, Depression, and Hopelessness Levels in Parents After Retinopathy of Prematurity Examination.","authors":"Ayse Ipek Akyuz Unsal, Sinan Bekmez, Sayime Aydin Eroglu, Erol Erkan, Özge Key Abdullayev, Vesile Altinyazar, Emir Volkan Altan, Imran Kurt Omurlu","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-06","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate how permitting parents to be present during their infant's retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) staging examination affects their levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at two ROP centers, each following its routine parental attendance protocol. In the parent group, parents were permitted to accompany their infants during screenings, whereas in the no parent group, they were not. Parents completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Hopelessness Scale immediately following their infant's first ROP examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 123 parents participated, with 65 in the parent group and 58 in the no parent group. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding demographic and clinical variables, except for the proportion of mothers (<i>P</i> = .030). Anxiety, depression, and hopelessness did not significantly differ between the groups. Mothers exhibited higher depression scores than fathers in both groups (<i>P</i> = .011 for the parent group; <i>P</i> = .036 for the no parent group) and higher anxiety scores in the parent group (<i>P</i> = .029). Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) duration positively correlated with anxiety (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>P</i> < .001) and depression (<i>r</i> = 0.25, <i>P</i> = .006). Gestational age and birth weight showed weak negative correlations with anxiety (<i>r</i> = -0.29, <i>P</i> = .001; <i>r</i> = -0.25, <i>P</i> = .006, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Witnessing ROP examinations did not significantly affect parental psychological outcomes. Notably, mothers experienced higher emotional distress than fathers, possibly due to extended NICU stays. Considering parents' opinions before including them in ROP examinations is essential for empathetic and ethical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standard Monofocal Intraocular Lenses Versus Enhanced Monofocal Intraocular Lenses for Children 6 to 13 Years Old With Pediatric Cataract.","authors":"Shaza Elzawahry, Hala Elhilali, Ahmed Awadein, Ghada Gawdat, Sara Maher","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate whether using an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) in the pediatric age group can improve the visual performance at varying distances in comparison to standard monofocal lenses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-five eyes of children aged 6 to 13 years with unilateral or bilateral cataract were prospectively randomized into two groups: the monofocal group (23 eyes) who had a standard monofocal aspheric lens (Tecnis Model ZCB00) implanted and the enhanced mono-focal group (22 eyes) who had an enhanced monofocal lens (Tecnis Eyhance ICB00) implanted (both Johnson & Johnson Vision). Target refraction was emmetropia. Visual acuity was measured at distance, intermediate, and near distance 3 months postoperatively. Defocus curves wearing distance correction were plotted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unilateral cataract surgery with Eyhance and Tecnis monofocal implantation was performed in 10 and 9 patients, respectively. Thirteen children underwent bilateral surgery, 4 had an Eyhance IOL implanted in one eye and a Tecnis monofocal IOL in the other eye, 4 had bilateral Eyhance IOL implantation, and 5 had bilateral Tecnis mono-focal IOL implantation. Uncorrected and corrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity, and the power of near add were comparable between both groups (<i>P</i> > .05). Mean visual acuity through the defocus range was significantly better (<i>P</i> < .01) in the Eyhance group (0.30 vs 0.41).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Use of an enhanced monofocal IOL improved visual performance at intermediate distances of greater than 1 meter but did not reduce the power of spectacles needed for distances of less than 1 meter.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Early Spectacle Timing and Limits of Stereopsis Inference in Infantile RAET.","authors":"Teiji Yagasaki, Yoshimi Yokoyama, Ayaka Yagasaki, Kenta Hozumi","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260102-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20260102-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"63 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Associations of Congenital Optic Nerve Hypoplasia With Microcornea/Sclerocornea.","authors":"Puja Maitra, Savithiri Palanivel, Aditya Maitray, Anand Rajendran","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250424-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250424-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To highlight ophthalmic and imaging features associated with congenital optic nerve aplasia (ONA) in eyes with microcornea/sclerocornea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective series of patients with microcornea/sclerocornea with suspected posterior segment pathology who underwent detailed clinical evaluation and imaging with ultrasound B-scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Evaluation by a low vision clinic for rehabilitation and genetic testing was offered to all infants and they were referred to a pediatrician/endocrinologist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight eyes of 5 infants (3 bilateral and 2 unilateral) presented between 3 months and 4 years of age, with microcornea in 6 of 8 eyes, of which sclerocornea was noted in 5 eyes. B-scan and MRI confirmed ONA and additional features included crumpled or dysplastic retina, total close funnel retinal detachment, or presence of a stalk-like structure (n = 5) or absent lens (n = 2). Three eyes had a view of the posterior segment and showed absent/rudimentary disk, absent retinal vessels, or crumpled retinal tissue with mottled pigmented or tessellated background. Two infants had chiasmal aplasia and 1 infant had a midline lesion in the parieto-occipital region with chiasmal deviation to the right. Balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocation and <i>PITX3</i> mutation was noted in the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ONA is possibly underdiagnosed due to a focus on other obvious findings, such as microphthalmos/microcornea, poor media clarity obscuring visualization, and lack of imaging to ascertain the optic nerve status. The diagnosis of congenital ONA is significant due to its genetic and systemic implications where the ophthalmologist has the chance to identify it and refer patients for genetic and pediatric assessment, in addition to playing an important role in initiating early visual rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Polymorphism and Surgical Considerations of the Anterior Ciliary Vessels.","authors":"Meihua Pan, Renyi Xie, Mei Yang","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the results of a survey on the anterior ciliary vessels (ACVs) based on intraoperative and postoperative observation to help surgeons better understand and more easily manipulate the ACVs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study. Patients with horizontal strabismus who had bilateral recession on the lateral rectus (LR) or medial rectus (MR) muscle and patients with vertical strabismus were included. Patients with consecutive strabismus who had previous strabismus surgery with ACV preservation were also included. The surgical images of ACVs were recorded and the anatomic and morphological characteristics were observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 212 patients included in the study. Bilateral ACVs on the LR or MR of most patients were polymorphous and markedly different. Most ACVs of the LR were generally more superficial than those of other three rectus muscles. Moreover, although there was no apparent fascia tissue connected between ACVs on the other three rectus muscles, most ACVs on the LR were fully located within the orbital fascia of the muscle. So the ACVs on the LR could be separated from the surface of the muscle as a whole, whereas the ACVs on other three rectus muscles could be only preserved one by one.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ACVs have obvious polymorphism. Nevertheless, most ACVs of the LR are positioned within the fascia tissue on the muscle surface; therefore all ACVs of the LR can be easily separated from the muscle as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (Fog Vision +0.50 D) Combined With 0.01% Atropine on the Preclinical and Early Stages of Myopia in Children.","authors":"Qiuyu Zhao, Zhijian Zhao, Gaorao Zhao, Liping Xue, Li Chen, Guanglong Zhou, Jiarui Liang, Man Qin, Min Hu","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-04","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250530-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To retrospectively analyze the efficacy of multi-zone positive optical defocus lenses (DIMS) + fog vision + 0.01% atropine for the treatment of children with preclinical and early stages of myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The axial length (AL) and refraction were analyzed at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up in 192 eyes treated with combined therapy. The success of treatment was defined as an annual AL growth rate within the physiological growth range and myopia progression of -0.50 diopters (D)/year or greater. Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the percentage of treatment success in the overall population compared to the subgroups based on baseline AL and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the success rates were 87% and 93% for AL control and myopia control, respectively. Compared to before combined therapy, there was an increase in AL after treatment (boys: <i>P</i> < .001; girls: <i>P</i> < .001). The change in spherical equivalent (SE) was consistent with the change in AL, with both boys and girls showing an increase in SE after treatment, with a statistically significant difference in girls (boys: <i>P</i> = .059; girls: <i>P</i> = .001). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of treatment success in either boys or girls based on baseline AL and age subgroups compared to the overall population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The treatment regimen of DIMS + fog vision + 0.01% atropine demonstrated significant control effects on myopia in preclinical and early stages of myopia in children across different genders, baseline ALs, and ages. Timely intervention is recommended once a tendency toward myopia is observed in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}