Journal of Surgical Education最新文献

{"title":"Attitudes of Surgical Trainees and Faculty Towards Parental Leave During Surgical Training","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>Our aim was to better understand attitudes towards parental leave from the perspective of both surgeon faculty and current surgical trainees. We hypothesized that support for trainees to take parental leave would vary by year of residency graduation and by parental status.</p></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><p>We conducted a web-based survey regarding opinions on trainee parental leave. Quantitative and conventional content qualitative analyses were performed.</p></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><p>Surveys were sent to surgeon faculty and current trainees from 5 large academic surgical residency programs.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Survey response rates were 11.5% for surgeon faculty (68/589), and 17.7% for trainees (50/281). There were 80/118 (67.8%) respondents who reported they had or were currently expecting children, 40/80 (50%) of whom were the gestational carrier. Most thought that 6-12 weeks of parental leave should be given to child-bearing trainees (62/118, 52.5%); another 32.2% (38/118) thought &gt;12 weeks should be given. Responses were similar amongst surgeon faculty and trainees, parents and nonparents, and respondents who identified as men and women. Qualitative analysis revealed that most respondents felt parental leave did not put unreasonable strain on other trainees and felt support could be shown both informally and with formal written policies facilitating patient care coverage. Current surgeon faculty were less likely to feel moderately/extremely supported by their faculty compared to trainees (39% vs 77%, p = 0.004). Less than a third (37/117, 31.6%) of respondents knew the current leave policies.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Amongst survey respondents, there was broad support for parental leave for surgical trainees of at least 6 weeks amongst trainees and faculty, and those with and without children. Current trainees felt more supported than current surgical faculty, suggesting that parental leave is increasingly more accepted. Support can be shown both informally and through easily accessible written policies and procedures that facilitate patient care coverage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical School Characteristics Associated with Matched Otolaryngology Residency Applicants","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>Identify which medical schools produce the most otolaryngology residents, and associated characteristics which may contribute to this productivity.</p></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><p>The medical school and residency program of each otolaryngology-matched student was identified. Various characteristics for each medical school and residency were compared in univariate and multivariate analysis after adjusting for class size. Percentage of matched students relative to class size was identified and compared for each geographic region.</p></div><div><h3>SETTING</h3><p>Cross-sectional study of publicly available match data from otomatch.com and otolaryngology residency program websites from 2020-2023.</p></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><p>1411 students from 174 medical schools matched into 126 otolaryngology residencies were identified.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Private medical schools (β = 0.50, p = 0.03), larger otolaryngology departments (β = 0.01, p = 0.04), and higher U.S. News and World Report (USNWR) ranking (β = −0.01, p = 0.02) was associated with a greater percentage of otolaryngology-matched students while schools in the Mountain region were associated with a lower percentage of matched students (β = −1.08, p = 0.02). A difference in percentage of matched students was observed when comparing across all regions (p &lt; 0.01) but no significant differences were observed between any individual regions. The East North Central Region and the Middle Atlantic regions were more likely to match students from their respective regions compared to the Mountain region (OR: 4.98, 95% CI: 1.18, 21.01; OR: 8.20, 95% CI: 1.92, 34.99, respectively). Additionally, the Mountain region was less likely to match students from their own region compared to the Pacific (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.90), South Atlantic (OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.85), and West South Central (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.67) regions.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Medical school characteristics such as private vs public status, size of otolaryngology department, higher USNWR ranking, and geographic region impact the number of otolaryngology-matched students. Applicants should consider the impact of their geographic region when allocating signals during the residency application process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of a Multi-Institutional Virtual Urology Course for Medical Students","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>Urological education has been declining in medical schools, leaving many students without adequate exposure to the fundamentals of the field. We aimed to create a virtual urology course for medical students preparing for subinternships.</p></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><p>We created a 4-week curriculum of case-based urology modules with sections on hematuria, bladder cancer, kidney stones, vesicoureteral reflux, prostate cancer, urinary incontinence, and erectile dysfunction. Students completed precourse and postcourse surveys assessing confidence in content knowledge and 4 educational competencies. Faculty completed postcourse surveys. Confidence was scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0-4).</p></div><div><h3>SETTING</h3><p>We offered the course in May 2022 and May 2023. The course was fully virtual and was offered at medical schools across the United States.</p></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><p>The course included 157 medical students from 60 institutions and 44 faculty instructors from 30 institutions. All instructors were urologists representing a range of urological subspecialties.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Surveys were completed by 61/157 students (39%) and 33/44 faculty (75%). Median student confidence in content knowledge increased across all disease processes: hematuria (3 vs. 2), bladder cancer (3 vs. 1), kidney stones (3 vs. 2), vesicoureteral reflux (3 vs. 1), prostate cancer (3 vs. 1), urinary incontinence (3 vs. 2), and erectile dysfunction (3 vs. 2) (all p &lt; 0.001). Median confidence scores also increased across all 4 educational competencies: patient evaluation (3 vs. 2), pathophysiology (3 vs. 2), literature appraisal (3 vs. 2), and patient counseling (3 vs. 1) (all p &lt; 0.001). Confidence increases in all areas were maintained at 7-month follow-up. Most students (85%) and faculty (91%) rated the course “excellent” or “very good.”</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>A multi-institutional virtual urology course for medical students led to a durable increase in confidence pertaining to content knowledge and various educational competencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: A Qualitative Assessment of General Surgery Resident Confidence and Knowledge Deficits in Managing Surgical Endocrinopathy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><p>Most thyroid and parathyroid surgeries are performed by nonfellowship trained, low-volume surgeons with associated higher complication rates. Furthermore, the average number of endocrine procedures performed by general surgery residents is decreasing. While previous studies have documented a lack of general surgery resident confidence in performing these procedures, the specific knowledge gaps in endocrine surgery remain unexplored.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>We conducted semi-structured interviews with surgical residents (clinical PGY3-PGY5) at a high-volume academic center with an endocrine surgery fellowship to discuss their experience, knowledge, and deficits managing patients with surgical thyroid and parathyroid disease. Interviews were audio-recorded, de-identified, and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used to identify areas of confidence and knowledge deficits in all phases of care.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Overall, 14 trainees participated in the study (50% women, mean PGY: 3.8). Preoperatively, residents were confident with thyroid nodule and primary hyperparathyroidism work-up, but less comfortable with rare conditions. Residents were uncomfortable using ultrasound to identify suspicious lymph nodes or abnormal parathyroid glands. Residents perceived knowledge deficits in the multidisciplinary care and work-up of patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Intraoperatively, most residents were confident performing thyroidectomy and focused parathyroidectomy, but less comfortable performing 4-gland explorations or neck dissections. Several had concern with independently identifying and protecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve or locating parathyroid glands in the setting of negative localization. Residents noted a lack of autonomy in both thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Postoperatively, residents felt confident in the acute management of patients, but identified deficits in long-term management of patients with thyroid cancer or chronic complications.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Despite confidence in managing “bread and butter” cervical endocrine surgery in all phases of care, residents perceive a lack of meaningful autonomy intraoperatively. Further educational endeavors may be required to ensure graduating residents are “practice ready” for straightforward cases they may encounter in practice as a general surgeon. A lack of exposure to complex endocrinopathy even at a high-volume center suggests that comprehensive endocrine surgery fellowship remains critical.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? A Scoping Review of the Impact of Visual Aids on Patients Undergoing Surgery","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>While graphics are commonly used by clinicians to communicate information to patients, the impact of using visual media on surgical patients is not understood. This review seeks to understand the current landscape of research analyzing impact of using visual aids to communicate with patients undergoing surgery, as well as gaps in the present literature.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A comprehensive literature search was performed across 4 databases. Search terms included: visual aids, diagrams, graphics, surgery, patient education, informed consent, and decision making. Inclusion criteria were (i) full-text, peer-reviewed articles in English; (ii) evaluation of a nonelectronic visual aid(s); and (iii) surgical patient population.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 1402 articles identified; 21 met study criteria. Fifteen were randomized control trials and 6 were prospective cohort studies. Visual media assessed comprised of diagrams as informed consent adjuncts (n = 6), graphics for shared decision-making conversations (n = 3), other preoperative educational graphics (n = 8), and postoperative educational materials (n = 4). There was statistically significant improvement in patient comprehension, with an increase in objective knowledge recall (7.8%-29.6%) using illustrated educational materials (n = 10 of 15). Other studies noted increased satisfaction (n = 4 of 6), improvement in shared decision-making (n = 2 of 4), and reduction in patient anxiety (n = 3 of 6). For behavioral outcomes, visual aids improved postoperative medication compliance (n = 2) and lowered postoperative analgesia requirements (n = 2).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The use of visual aids to enhance the surgical patient experience is promising in improving knowledge retention, satisfaction, and reducing anxiety. Future studies ought to consider visual aid format, and readability, as well as patient language, race, and healthcare literacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Intraoperative Cholangiography Interpretation Skills: A Perceptual Learning Approach for Surgical Residents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgery with risk of serious complications. Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) can mitigate these risks by clarifying the anatomy of the biliary tree and detecting common bile duct injuries. However, mastering IOC interpretation is largely through experience, and studies have shown that even expert surgeons often struggle with this skill. Since no formal curriculum exists for surgical residents to learn IOC interpretation, we developed a perceptual learning (PL)-based training module aimed at improving surgical residents' IOC interpretation skills.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Surgical residents were assessed on their ability to identify IOC characteristics and provide clinical recommendations using an online training module based on PL principles. This research had 2 phases. The first phase involved pre/post assessments of residents trained via the online IOC interpretation module, measuring their IOC image recognition and clinical management accuracy (percentage of correct responses), response time and confidence. During the second phase, we explored the impact of combining simulator-based IOC training with the online interpretation module on same measures as used in the first phase (accuracy, response time, and confidence).</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>The study was conducted at Rush University Medical College in Chicago. The participants consisted of surgical residents from each postgraduate year (PGY). Residents participated in this study during their scheduled monthly rotation through Rush's surgical simulation center.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Total 23 surgical residents participated in the first phase. A majority (95.7%) found the module helpful. Residents significantly increased confidence levels in various aspects of IOC interpretation, such as identifying complete IOCs and detecting abnormal findings. Their accuracy in making clinical management decisions significantly improved from pretraining (mean accuracy 68.1 +/− 17.3%) to post-training (mean accuracy 82.3 +/− 10.4%, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, their response time per question decreased significantly from 25 +/− 12 seconds to 17 +/− 12 seconds (p &lt; 0.001). In the second phase, we combined procedural simulator training with the online interpretation module. The 20, first year residents participated and 88% found the training helpful. The training group exhibited significant confidence improvements compared to the control group in various aspects of IOC interpretation with observed nonsignificant accuracy improvements related to clinical management questions. Both groups demonstrated reduced response times, with the training group showing a more substantial, though nonsignificant, reduction.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a PL-based training module for improving aspects of surgical residents' IOC interpretation skills. The module, found ","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removing Percentile Scores from the ABSITE is a Net Benefit to Residents and Other Stakeholders","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Surgical Residency Integration on Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><p>In the context of surgical education reform, the integration of residency programs represents a significant milestone. Concerns about potential disruptions to patient care metrics amid these changes necessitate empirical investigation.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>This study assessed the impact of integrating surgical residency programs on patient outcomes within Trauma and Acute Care Surgery services. Pre- and postintegration data were meticulously analyzed to evaluate key metrics, including length of hospital stay, recovery rates, and complication rates.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Contrary to initial concerns, the introduction of residency programs did not yield significant alterations in patient care metrics. Analysis revealed consistent outcomes pre- and post-integration, indicating the resilience of patient care amidst educational reforms. Despite the introduction of a high-stakes training environment, patient outcomes remained stable.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p>The study highlights the compatibility of educational advancements with the preservation of optimal patient care standards in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery services. Demonstrating the stability of patient care metrics in the face of educational reforms offers valuable insights for healthcare institutions considering similar initiatives. Overall, these findings contribute to the discourse on the value of surgical residency programs, reinforcing the importance of maintaining high-quality patient care standards while advancing surgical education.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operating on A Bias: A Review of Cultural Competency Curricula in Surgical Residencies and a Call for Systemic Change","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><p>Several factors contribute to surgical outcome disparities, including structural racism and implicit bias. Research into how surgical residency programs intervene on Cultural Complications via education remains sparse. We review the literature for how surgical residency programs use education to combat staff and patient exposure to Cultural Complications.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar for curricula aimed at improving cultural competency in surgical residencies. OBGYN curricula were included. Non-US studies were excluded.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Studies were organized by intervention type: Didactic, Grand Rounds, and M&amp;M. The most common interventions were Didactics, with Grand Rounds being the least common. Target measures improved anywhere from 20-88%.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>The common types of cultural competency curricula are clear, and certain interventions show improvement in trainees’ education. Scarcity of data on these curricula does not necessarily indicate their lack of existence but does suggest additional research is needed into curricular interventions and how they may address cultural complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a Video-Based and 3D Animation Hybrid Learning System Improve Teaching Outcomes in Orthopedic Surgery? A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p><span>This study aims to evaluate the instructional efficacy of a 3D Surgical Training System (3DSTS), which combines real surgical footage with high-definition 3D animations, against conventional surgical videos and textbooks in the context of </span>orthopedic<span> proximal humerus fracture surgeries.</span></p></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><p>Before the experiment, 89 participants completed a pre-educational knowledge assessment<span>. They were then randomized into 3 groups: the 3DSTS group (n = 30), the surgical video (SV) group (n = 29), and the textbook group (n = 30). After their respective teaching courses, all participants took a posteducational assessment and completed a perceived cognitive load test. The 3DSTS group also filled out a satisfaction survey. Once all assessments were finished, the SV and textbook groups were introduced to the 3DSTS course and subsequently completed a satisfaction survey. All statistical analyses were executed using IBM SPSS<span> version 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). For data fitting normal distribution<span>, we employed one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests, whereas, for non-normally distributed data, we used Kruskal-Wallis H tests and Dunn's tests. The significance level for all tests was set at p &lt; 0.05.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>SETTING</h3><p>Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.</p></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><p>About 89 doctors who undergoing standardized residents training.</p></div><div><h3>RESULT</h3><p>The initial assessment scores among the three groups were comparable, showing no significant statistical difference. Post-education revealed a marked difference in the scores, with the 3DSTS group outperforming both the SV and textbook groups. Specifically, the 3DSTS group exhibited statistically greater improvement in areas such as procedural steps, and specialized surgical techniques compared to the SV and textbook groups. During the 3DSTS teaching process, participants reported the least perceived cognitive load and expressed strong satisfaction, highlighting that the instructional materials are well-prepared, and considering this teaching method superior and more innovative than previous courses they had encountered.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p><span>The 3D Surgical Training<span> System, integrating real videos with 3D animations, significantly enhances orthopedic surgery education over conventional methods, providing improved comprehension, lower cognitive load, and standardized </span></span>learning outcomes. Its efficacy and high participant satisfaction underscore its potential for broader adoption in surgical disciplines. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials. gov ID: ChiCTR2300074730.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}