Journal of Surgical Education最新文献

{"title":"Recurrence Checkpoint Knowledge and Skills Methodology for Continuous Development in Neurosurgical Residency","authors":"Baglan Mustafayev MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Alina Mustafayeva MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Askar Bakhtiyarov MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kuanysh Nikatov MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Competency-based neurosurgical training requires effective systems for longitudinal skill development and assessment.</div></div><div><h3>PURPOSE</h3><div>To describe and evaluate a novel educational model—Recurrence Checkpoint: Knowledge and Skills(RCKaS)—for structured reinforcement of resident competencies.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>The model was implemented in a 4-year residency program with quarterly checkpoints. Each checkpoint included cognitive tasks, technical simulations, and case-based evaluations, followed by faculty feedback.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>The model facilitated early identification of skill gaps, enhanced resident confidence, and improved feedback quality. Faculty reported improved mentoring engagement and assessment clarity. The study employed a dual comparison strategy: (1) a within-subject analysis of entrustment progression across 3 structured checkpoints in the same cohort (<em>n</em> = 36); and (2) an exploratory comparison with a retrospective group of residents trained prior to RCKaS implementation (<em>n</em> = 14). RCKaS-trained residents demonstrated higher scores in clinical reasoning, procedural skills, and diagnostic accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Recurrence checkpoint offers a feasible and impactful tool for aligning training with core neurosurgical competencies. It supports personalized learning and prepares residents for progressive responsibility. This approach promotes sustained growth in clinical competence and may serve as a scalable model for other surgical training programs.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective educational study with two-level comparisons (within-group and retrospective cohort).</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Neurosurgical residency program at the National Center for Neurosurgery, Astana, Kazakhstan.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Thirty-six residents (PGY1-PGY4) enrolled between 2022 and 2024 and a retrospective cohort of fourteen residents enrolled between 2019 and 2021.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 9","pages":"Article 103633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Deep Language Learning Model-Based Simulation Tool for Undergraduate Medical Students in Surgery","authors":"Cathleen A. McCarrick,&nbsp;Philip D. McEntee,&nbsp;Patrick A. Boland,&nbsp;Suzanne Donnelly,&nbsp;Yvonne O’Meara,&nbsp;Helen Heneghan,&nbsp;Ronan A. Cahill","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Effective communication is a critical skill for surgeons that commences often with history-taking. While simulation-based training is utilized to enhance these skills, recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep language learning models (DLM), offer new opportunities. This study evaluates the integration of DLM as a simulated patient (SP) into surgical history-taking training for senior medical students during clinical rotations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial was conducted with surgery module students. Participants were divided into control and intervention groups, the former receiving standard experiential learning and the latter adding 3 structured sessions with DLM (ChatGPT, Open AI) as SP (with interaction texts submitted for tutor evaluation). All students underwent Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) of history-taking with a human SP and blinded assessor blinded by group for baseline competency ascertainment and again after either intervention or a similar time of standard learning. Intervention group students were anonymously surveyed to assess communication confidence and perspectives on DLM as SP.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After initial pilot trialing, ninety students participated formally with 45 assigned to each arm via randomized cluster sampling. DLM-content was uniformly appropriate. Baseline scores were similar but significantly increased in the intervention group alone (p &lt; 0.001, 0.37v0.19 Cohen D education effect size). 62% of students completed the survey, a majority (57%) articulating increased confidence, rich detail in DLM histories (72%) and would use again (95%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DLM effectively enhanced surgical history-taking skills. These findings indicate AI can serve as a valuable tool for student development alongside clinical learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 9","pages":"Article 103629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publication Trends of Integrated Plastic Surgery Residency Applicants Without Numeric Step 1 Scores","authors":"Forrest Bohler BS ,&nbsp;James R. Burmeister BS ,&nbsp;Ethan Dimock BS ,&nbsp;Ava Harvey BS ,&nbsp;Zachary A. Koenig MD ,&nbsp;Kongkrit Chaiyasate MD, FACS ,&nbsp;Cameron J. Davidson PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Little is known regarding the impact of the Step 1 score shift on the importance of publications for applicants to integrated plastic surgery residencies. The Class of 2024 represents the first cohort of integrated plastic surgery residents to match without a numeric Step 1 score.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A bibliometric analysis of 555 integrated plastic surgery residents from the 3 most recent graduating medical school cohorts was conducted in September 2024. Data included publication count, authorship status, article type, and journal quality indicators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average number of publications for all residents analyzed was 7.33 and remained relatively consistent between classes. The percentage of applicants matching without any publications declined within each subsequent class, from 16.9% (PGY-3) to 15.2% (PGY-2) and 9.3% (PGY-1). Similarly, matched applicants without a first-author publication decreased from 37.1% and 38% in the PGY-3 and PGY-2 classes to 29.5% in the PGY-1 class. Furthermore, the proportion of applicants matching without a publication in a plastic surgery journal dropped steadily by ∼8% annually. Matched international medical graduates were responsible for a disproportionately greater number of publications than U.S. graduates. Residents at Top-20 programs exhibited 50% more publications than nontop 20 programs. The average 2-year impact factor among all publications was 3.6 and remained relatively consistent between classes. Among publications in plastic surgery journals, <em>Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</em> was the most common. Clinical research articles were the most common article type analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Step 1 pass/fail transition hasn’t significantly changed total publication output but has emphasized first-author, plastic surgery-specific publications, and having at least 1 publication. Residency directors may increasingly be utilizing these metrics as soft criteria for selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 9","pages":"Article 103598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Resident Participation in Emergency General Surgery in the Older Adult Population","authors":"Yasmin Arda MD,&nbsp;May Abiad MD,&nbsp;Wardah Rafaqat MBBS,&nbsp;Emanuele Lagazzi MD,&nbsp;Jefferson P. Zamudio MD,&nbsp;Dias Argandykov MD,&nbsp;George C. Velmahos MD, PhD,&nbsp;Michael P. DeWane MD,&nbsp;Charudutt N. Paranjape MBBS,&nbsp;John O. Hwabejire MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>Although data concerning resident involvement in emergency general surgery (EGS) procedures is abundant, its impact on outcomes in the vulnerable older adult population has not been explored. This study aimed to assess the impact of resident involvement on postoperative outcomes in older adult patients undergoing EGS.</div></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><div>Propensity-score matched cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>SETTING</h3><div>The 2007–2012 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database.</div></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><div>Patients aged ≥65 years who underwent one of eight EGS procedures were included. Patients were stratified based on resident participation (RES vs. NO-RES). After propensity-score matching, each group included 2,796 patients with comparable baseline characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Among 24,452 patients identified, 14,381 (58.8%) underwent procedures with resident involvement. Patients in the RES group were more likely to be Black (11.3% vs. 6.1%) and have pre-existing comorbidities, such as ventilator dependence (7.7% vs. 4.0%), and were less likely to be admitted from home (84.3% vs. 88.4%) (all p&lt;0.001). After matching, 30-day mortality was not different between the two groups. However, patients in the RES group demonstrated higher 30-day morbidity (38.8% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.031), likely driven by a greater incidence of superficial surgical site infection (5.6% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.003) and unplanned reoperation (11.0% vs. 7.4%, p&lt;0.001). Operative time was significantly longer in the RES group (p&lt;0.001).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>Participation of residents in EGS procedures is associated with increased operative time, rate of surgical site infection, and unplanned reoperation. However, resident involvement had no effect on patient mortality. Efforts to improve surgical education while not compromising patient safety are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 9","pages":"Article 103626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Teach: Threading the Education Needle in the High-Stakes Cardiac Surgery Operating Room","authors":"Megan L. Schultz MD ,&nbsp;Gurjit Sandhu PhD ,&nbsp;Aaron M. Williams MD ,&nbsp;G. Michael Deeb MD ,&nbsp;Gorav Ailawadi MBA, MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time and efficiency are critical in cardiac surgery, presenting unique challenges for operative teaching. We explore how integrating psychological safety and operative entrustment can enhance surgical education without compromising patient care. Using the OpTrust framework, we illustrate how faculty and trainees can build trust, promote autonomy, and optimize learning. In high-stakes surgical environments, deliberate educational strategies can support excellence in training and excellence in the future cardiac surgery workforce.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 9","pages":"Article 103623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short and Long-Term Outcomes From a Large Single Institution’s Experience With Preliminary Surgical Residents","authors":"Melissa Camp MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Eftihia (Effie) Fafaleos ,&nbsp;Pamela A. Lipsett MD, MHPE, MCCM","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify short and long-term outcomes of consecutive preliminary surgical residents over an 18-year selection period.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This is a prospectively collected, retrospectively analyzed database and current publicly available outcomes of consecutively matched preliminary surgical residents. Outcomes of interest include training in ACGME sponsored programs and long-term professional practice outcomes, considering status of medical education and country of origin.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Private non-profit research academic general surgery residency program in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>178 consecutive preliminary surgical residents between 2006 and 2025 were considered with respect to training outcomes, country of origin, fellowship selection, and academic positions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 178 residents, 32 (18%) were from the US, and 146 (82%) were International Medical Graduates (IMGs). 27/32 (84%) of US graduates completed or are in categorical US training programs. Similarly, 128/146 (88%) of IMGs completed/are in categorical programs. 10 IMGs continued training outside of the US. 106 total residents trained in general surgery (10/96), 10 US, 96 IMG) with an additional 20 (6/14) training in surgical specialties. 30 additional residents (14/16) trained in radiology (diagnostic or interventional), anesthesiology, or emergency medicine. 78 IMGs completed fellowship training in general surgery subspecialties, with the most common specialties including colorectal surgery, plastic surgery, surgical oncology, and vascular surgery. IMG residents were selected from around the world (41 countries), with the highest numbers from Asia (54), Europe (53), and North America (41). Only 3 residents, however, have returned to their country of origin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Surgical programs can select applicants and offer preliminary surgical training to IMGs from around the world with successful placement into categorical programs if they select, counsel and support both US graduates and IMGs. IMGs, however, seem unlikely to return to the countries of origin following training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 9","pages":"Article 103615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardizing Pediatric Facial Laceration Management to Advance Equity and Education","authors":"Ogonna N. Nnamani Silva MD ,&nbsp;David A. Mills MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Eric W. Fleegler MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Jason A. Levy MD, RDMS ,&nbsp;John G. Meara MD, DMD, MBA ,&nbsp;Andrew F. Miller MD ,&nbsp;Ingrid M. Ganske MD, MPA","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The core competencies outlined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) provide a framework for evaluating and fostering essential skills in medical education and residency training. The Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery and the Division of Emergency Medicine jointly developed and implemented guidelines for managing facial lacerations in the pediatric emergency department (PED). This initiative aimed to enhance trainee learning experiences, streamline triage, facilitate interdepartmental collaboration, and improve healthcare equity. This report presents a novel approach to standardizing inter-specialty consultation in pediatric settings, its alignment with ACGME goals, and its potential to improve educational and equity outcomes. A plan for future evaluation will assess its impact on competency attainment and equitable care delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 9","pages":"Article 103613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Returning to Surgical Residency After Maternity Leave: Exploring Challenges and Shining a Light on the Motherhood Advantage","authors":"Oonagh Scallan MD ,&nbsp;Emily Field BA ,&nbsp;Sayra Cristancho PhD ,&nbsp;Kori LaDonna PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Surgeon and surgical resident mothers continue to face discrimination and inequities related to motherhood. Current literature reports on the logistical challenges and some of the negative perceptions faced by these individuals, but we do not know the whole story of how women navigate these challenges. With increasing attention to EDI, understanding women's experiences is crucial for transforming surgical culture.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Using constructivist grounded theory, the experiences of surgical residents as mothers were explored as they reflected on their transition back to work after maternity leave. Semi-structured interviews were conversational, and interview questions evolved throughout the study. Interview transcripts were analyzed using constant comparative analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>This was a Canadian-wide study, including current trainee or faculty participants who had completed surgical training at Canadian institutions.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Eligible participants were any faculty surgeon or current trainee who had taken a maternity leave from a Canadian surgical program between 2012 and 2022. Twenty-one participants were included from the specialties of general surgery, plastic surgery, vascular surgery, orthopedics, urology, ophthalmology, and obstetrics and gynecology.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants detailed the challenges they faced returning to surgical residency after maternity leave, and the factors that made this transition easier. Upon reflection, participants described this transition as transformative for their professional identity, highlighting how motherhood facilitated the development of essential skills including communication, empathy, and setting boundaries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite efforts to better support women in surgery, challenges with the transition back to work following maternity leave persist. Both individuals and systems need to reevaluate priorities, design more flexible call schedules, implement better accommodations for chest-feeding parents, and establish mentorship programs for all parents. Negative perceptions of and biases against surgeon mothers must also be challenged. Notably, this study’s novel findings that motherhood enhances, rather than detracts from, surgical skill development should be recognized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 9","pages":"Article 103621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tipping the Scales: Quantifying the Impact of USMLE Step 1 Pass/Fail Scoring on Application Interpretation in the Integrated Plastic Surgery Match","authors":"Cole Bird BS ,&nbsp;Kerilyn N. Godbe MD ,&nbsp;Niaman Nazir MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Sterling Braun MD ,&nbsp;Rebecca Farmer MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Richard Korentager MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The United States Medical Licensing Exam® (USMLE®) Step 1 exam implemented pass/fail scoring to \"create a more holistic residency application selection process.” We aimed to assess whether this transition favored holistic review or redirected emphasis to other metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Quantifiable data from 330 Plastic Surgery Common Applications (PSCAs) submitted to a single academic center were collected. Applicants were stratified into 2 groups based on numeric or pass/fail Step 1 score. Logistic regression was performed for each group to assess the odds of matching based on quantifiable application components.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>2023-2024 Match cycle.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>330 integrated plastic surgery applicants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 137 applications reported numeric Step 1 scores, while 193 reported pass/fail scores. For applicants with a numeric Step 1 score, the factors most predictive of matching were Step 2 score &gt;265 (OR 159 [95% CI, 6.6-999], Step 1 Score between 240 and 250 (OR 21.8 [95% CI, 4.8-98.6]), and being a U.S. citizen (OR 21.1 [95% CI, 3.9-116]). Letter of recommendation numeric strength (OR 11.0 [95% CI, 2.7-45.6]) was also a significant match predictor, followed by more than 16 podium presentations (OR 10.8 [95% CI, 2.6-45.5]). In comparison, for students with pass/fail Step 1 scores, there were only 3 significant factors that predicted a successful match: strength of recommendation letters (OR 3.7 [95% CI, 1.8-7.6]), Alpha Omega Alpha society membership (OR 3.2 [95% CI, 1.3-7.7]), and graduation from a U.S News and World Report top 40 medical school in research (OR 3.0 [95% CI, 1.5-6.1]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>For applicants with a numeric Step 1 score, Step 1 and 2 scores remained the most critical match factors. In comparison, letter of recommendation strength and graduation from a top 40 medical school were most important for applicants with pass/fail scoring, indicating a shift toward other application metrics following the scoring change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 9","pages":"Article 103625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Perceptions of Social Support and Belonging in Surgery Residency Programs","authors":"Jennifer H. Chen MD ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Keyes EdD, PA-C ,&nbsp;Valerie DeGregorio PA-C ,&nbsp;Aimee K. Gardner PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate perceptions of social support, belongingness, and program culture among general surgery trainees.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional quantitative study using a program assessment survey with Likert scale questions (1-5). Questions evaluated trainee perceptions of organizational culture (4 dimensions—Authoritarian, Empowering, Self-Directed, and Relational; 29 items), social support (5 items), belongingness (7 items), frequency of social interactions (1 item), satisfaction with socializing (2 items) and ease of access to support (6 items).</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Four academic general surgery programs in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>General surgery trainees.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall response rate was 67% (63/94). Respondents were 46% (29) women, 72% White (45), and 61.9% (39) junior residents (PGY 1-3). Trainees shared similar perceptions of level of social support (mean 4.29, SD 0.75, p = 0.08), access to support, and sense of belonging (mean 4.27, SD 0.76, p = 0.17) across programs. Majority reported either daily (34, 41.7%) or weekly (19, 33.3%) social interactions. Increased social interaction frequency was associated with higher perceptions of social support (p = 0.04), with anything beyond 2 interactions per month outside of work associated with the highest levels of perceived social support. Trainees’ sense of belonging was strongly correlated with perceptions of social support (r = 0.89, p &lt; 0.001). Both social support and sense of belonging were positively correlated with a program culture predominant in Self-Directed and Relational dimensions (social support: r = 0.531 and 0.366, belonging: r = 0.531 and 0.313, all p &lt; 0.05 respectively) and negatively correlated with a program culture predominant in Authoritarian and Empowering dimensions (social support: r = −0.323 and −0.282, belonging: r = −0.387 and −0.366, all p &lt; 0.05, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Resident perceptions of social support and belongingness are interrelated and may be maximized by increasing frequency of social interactions and fostering program cultures higher in Self-Directed and Relational dimensions. Programs should make efforts to cultivate and encourage activities outside of work to optimize trainee inclusivity and support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 9","pages":"Article 103612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}