Journal of Surgical Education最新文献

{"title":"Designing a Leadership Curriculum for Otolaryngology Residents: A Mixed Methods Needs Assessment","authors":"Taylor S. Erickson MD ,&nbsp;Yasmin Eltawil BS ,&nbsp;Jolie L. Chang MD ,&nbsp;Megan L. Durr MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><div>Perform a needs assessment for a novel leadership curriculum for otolaryngology residents.</div></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><div>Cross-sectional, mixed-methods analysis.</div></div><div><h3>SETTING</h3><div>Academic medical center.</div></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><div>To conduct the study, 37 OHNS faculty were surveyed, 23 (62%) of which submitted responses and 25 OHNS residents were surveyed, 19 (76%) of which responded. Surveys and semi-structured interviews were used to gather perspectives from residents and faculty. Quantitative survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U tests. Two reviewers analyzed the qualitative interviews via thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>From 42 survey responses, 96% of faculty and 100% of residents expressed support for a leadership curriculum. Topics considered most important for the curriculum included managing difficult conversations, building and influencing teams and making constructive use of conflict. Significant differences between faculty and residents in topic ratings included wellness (p = 0.001), professionalism (p = &lt;0.001), and time management (p = 0.001) with faculty reporting ratings higher in importance than resident ratings. Nine faculty and 8 residents participated in qualitative interviews. Key themes identified included the learned aspect of leadership, an emphasis on 360 feedback, self-reflection on core values and leadership styles, and developing frameworks to engage in difficult conversations. Barriers to effective curriculum implementation included limited time, resident buy in, and the challenge of creating a 1-size-fits-all curriculum.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Both residents and faculty were interested in resident leadership development. Curriculum design with primary alignment with resident needs, based in high-yield, relevant topics will be essential to success. Such findings will be used to inform a pilot leadership curriculum at the local institution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 1","pages":"Article 103339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Soft-Preserved Body Donors to Improve the Anatomy Learning Experience for Orthopedic Residents","authors":"Jazmin E. Arce MS ,&nbsp;Erik S. Contreras MD ,&nbsp;Parth Vaghani BS ,&nbsp;Kanu Goyal MD ,&nbsp;Joy Y. Balta MSc, MEd, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Working with deceased human bodies to advance anatomical knowledge as part of orthopedic residency programs is critical to improving clinical skills. Formalin-preserved donors are routinely used but don't retain similar features to patients. This study compares Imperial College London- soft preserved (ICL-SP) donors to standard formalin-preserved donors in teaching anatomy to orthopedic residents.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Orthopedic Residents were invited to fill out a dissection survey after they had completed different dissections over a 6-week period. At the end of the study, residents and observers then comprehensively analyzed the experience between the donors. The surveys used a Likert scale format from 1 to 5. These survey questions include assessments of tendons, muscles, ligaments, nerves, vessel quality, fascia, ease of dissection, similarity to in vivo tissue, finding specific structures, and more. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the resident opinion/experience differences between the 2 types of donors.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>A total of 24 residents participated in the dissector surveys, and 30 residents completed the observer surveys. In completing the Likert scale questionnaires, 88.3% of residents in the dissections and 86% of residents in the observer surveys stated that they favored learning from ICL-SP donors. When residents were asked to evaluate the differences in the donor preservations, residents favored ICL-SP donors. Orthopedic Residents ultimately agreed that dissecting and identifying structures is more effective when working with ICL-SP. The results suggest that orthopedic residency programs should consider preservation techniques when teaching their students anatomy from human donors.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>ICL-SP donors can encourage residents to transfer the skills learned to their clinical experiences and improve patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 1","pages":"Article 103321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of a Women's Mentorship Program in Surgery: Perspectives and Experiences of Mentees and Mentors","authors":"Camille Moeckel BA ,&nbsp;Madison Oxford BA ,&nbsp;Amanda Cooper MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a formal women's mentorship program in surgery at a single institution, evaluating its perceived benefits, challenges, and impacts from the perspectives of both mentees (medical students) and mentors (resident and attending surgeons).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This study utilized a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences and perspectives of participants in a women's mentorship program in surgery. Medical students, residents, and attending surgeons who had participated in the mentorship program were invited to be interviewed. Interviews were conducted virtually and audio-recorded for subsequent transcription and analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>The study was conducted at Penn State College of Medicine in Hershey, Pennsylvania. Penn State Health is a tertiary-care facility.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>14 mentees (medical students) and 7 mentors (resident and attending surgeons) who had participated in the mentorship program were interviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mentees valued the mentorship program for its networking opportunities, career guidance, and structured goal setting. They appreciated having women mentors who provided unique insights and support in navigating challenges specific to women in surgery. The program's flexibility and session frequency allowed mentees to explore multiple specialties early in their education. Mentors appreciated the program's flexibility and the chance to mentor motivated students early in their careers. They highlighted the importance of gender-specific mentorship and the opportunity to facilitate practical experiences like shadowing and research. Challenges included occasional communication gaps, suggesting the need for more check-ins from program leaders and a structured event to facilitate initial connections and enhance continuity in mentor-mentee relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study supported the effectiveness of a formal women's mentorship program in surgery, as perceived by both mentees and mentors. Recommendations included maintaining flexibility, organizing an annual structured event, and promoting continuity in mentorship relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 1","pages":"Article 103338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the Essential Leadership Skills for Surgical Residents Leading Inpatient Teams: A Modified Delphi Study","authors":"Michael A. Kochis MD, EdM ,&nbsp;Rebecca B. Tang MD ,&nbsp;Emil R. Petrusa PhD ,&nbsp;James W. Fleshman MD ,&nbsp;Amalia L. Cochran MD ,&nbsp;Roy Phitayakorn MD, MHPE","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>Leadership is an important competency for surgical trainees but traditionally overlooked in residency programs. Existing leadership curricula are limited by a lack of standardized objectives and validated assessment tools. This project seeks to define the most essential leadership skills for surgical residents leading inpatient teams and to develop an instrument that can be used as a workplace-based assessment.</div></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><div>We surveyed the literature to compile a preliminary list of relevant leadership skills. We then recruited national experts in surgical resident leadership to participate in 2 rounds of a modified Delphi process. In the first round, panelists voted to keep, modify, or remove the preliminary items, or to add additional ones. Insufficient agreement to keep a skill necessitated revision. In the second round, panelists rated their agreement with revised items’ inclusion, with consensus indicated by content validity index &gt;0.75. Leadership behaviors were mapped onto a quality rating scale.</div></div><div><h3>SETTING</h3><div>REDCap online forms.</div></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><div>Sixteen experts including senior surgeons, surgical educators/social psychologists, and advanced practice providers participated in both rounds of the Delphi process.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>The preliminary list included 26 behaviors grouped into 9 domains. After the first round of the Delphi process, 18 items were modified, 3 were removed, 3 were added, and 2 domains were merged. After the second round, all 27 revised behaviors in 8 domains achieved consensus. We incorporated them into the Inpatient Leadership Assessment Device (I-LEAD).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>We used a consensus of national experts to define essential leadership skills for surgical residents and created a workplace-based assessment tool. I-LEAD provides a shared mental model for residents and team members, and clear objectives for educators seeking to develop leadership curricula. These efforts align with current trends toward competency-based education and can underpin the establishment of formal leadership training programs for surgical residents on a wider scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 1","pages":"Article 103341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faculty Reflections on What Makes a Good Surgeon: “The operating Room is Often the Smallest Part of the Puzzle”","authors":"Jonathan D. D'Angelo PhD, MAEd ,&nbsp;Nikhil Kapur BS ,&nbsp;Carissa Besonen BS ,&nbsp;Sarah Lund MD ,&nbsp;Mariela Rivera MD ,&nbsp;David A. Cook MD, MHPE ,&nbsp;Anne-Lise D. D'Angelo MD, MSEd","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>Little research has inductively investigated the unique nontechnical qualities required of a surgeon holistic to their practice. This is problematic because there may be additional nuances, or entirely new attributes, that can only be identified in the authentic context of surgical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the unique nontechnical qualities required of surgeons holistic to their practice.</div></div><div><h3>DESIGN AND SETTING</h3><div>We conducted a thematic analysis. One-hour in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with faculty surgeons from two academic hospitals. Surgeons responded to the question: “What makes you a good surgeon?” Interviews were transcribed and coded. Theory-informing inductive data analysis, utilizing the lens of virtues ethics, allowed for development of an overarching theme.</div></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANT AND RESULTS</h3><div>Twenty-seven surgeons (25.9% female) participated. Ideas presented by surgeons on what makes a good surgeon were distilled into a novel conceptual framework comprising five virtue couplets. The good surgeon is perceptive and caring; self-reflective and growth-seeking; confident and humble; driven and balance-seeking; and honest and responsible.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>This study indicates a unique set of nontechnical virtues present in the “good surgeon.” These virtues offer areas ripe for education and investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 1","pages":"Article 103343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Mental Practice in Athletes: How can Surgeons Learn?","authors":"Veeral Desai MD, BHSc ,&nbsp;Thomas Stambulic MD ,&nbsp;Robert Grounds MBBCh, BSc, Med, FRCS ,&nbsp;Jane Lea BSc, MD, FRCSC ,&nbsp;Brian D. Westerberg MD, FRCSC, MHSc","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Mental imagery is a dynamic mental state involving the cognitive visualization and rehearsal of motor movements or positions without overt motor output. Mental imagery is known to have numerous benefits for skill acquisition within athletic performance and is often incorporated into elite athletic training programs. The literature on the effects of mental imagery in surgery, which shares many of the high-performance qualities of elite athletics, remains limited. It may be possible to extrapolate many of the benefits of mental imagery on skill acquisition and sports performance in athletics to the field of surgery. The purpose of the study is to qualitatively assess the components of mental imagery approaches used in high-level athletics to ultimately determine their applicability to surgical training.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A scoping review was conducted using the Ovid Medline, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases. Two reviewers screened through all abstracts and full texts according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. A thematic analysis was then performed on all studies included in the review.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1252 citations, 19 studies met full inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five themes were identified in the thematic analysis (open vs closed events; internal vs external imagery; level of expertise; visual vs kinesthetic; psychological effects and physical factors).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and Conclusion</h3><div>The use of mental imagery to enhance training and performance outside of medicine is widespread in the literature. Numerous studies have shown mental imagery can improve performance, decrease anxiety and shorten the learning curve in elite athletes. Surprisingly, the role of mental imagery within surgical training remains poorly explored. Given that the training undertaken by elite athletes and surgeons has many similarities, our scoping review and thematic analysis has identified 5 key areas for possible transferable practices whereby mental imagery could benefit surgical education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 1","pages":"Article 103336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the Next Generation of Academic Surgeons and Physician Leaders","authors":"Nicole Russell BA ,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Grant MD, MS, FACS","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many highly competitive academic general surgery residency programs share the mission of training the next generation of academic surgeons. There is a widely held belief that encouraging publications throughout residency will promote sustained research productivity and facilitate a pathway into an academic career. Consequently, the total number of publications is one of the strongest predictors for resident selection among top ranked general surgery programs. However, there is currently a lack of evidence supporting the assumptions that preresidency productivity will be sustained or predictive of an academic career. With an increasingly competitive applicant pool and recent paradigm shifts in the evaluation of applicants, it is becoming increasingly important for program directors to identify meaningful metrics to predict sustained academic success and successful academic surgeons. We discuss current trends in the evaluation of applicants’ research, limitations of these methods, potential implications, and alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 1","pages":"Article 103346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational Benefits of Rural Rotations: Insights From General Surgery Residency Program Leaders","authors":"James E. Coverdill PhD ,&nbsp;Keely M. Fox MA ,&nbsp;Jeff S. Shelton PhD ,&nbsp;Meghan B. Blitchington BS ,&nbsp;Raga M. Yarlagadda BS ,&nbsp;Benjamin T. Jarman MD, FACS ,&nbsp;Paula M. Termuhlen MD, FACS","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Rural rotations have become increasingly common. However, little is known about whether they offer educational benefits for residents who do not eventually practice in rural facilities.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Starting with an ACGME-provided roster of general surgery programs, the authors conducted a website review (12/2022-7/2023) of the 342 civilian programs located in U.S. states to identify 81 programs (24%) offering elective or required rural rotations in the U.S. Because previous research is scant, the authors then adopted a qualitative approach and designed a semistructured interview schedule to learn from program leaders what educational benefits their rural rotations might provide residents and whether any noted benefits applied to all residents or just those open to practicing in a rural location. The first author conducted 30-minute telephone interviews with 58 general surgery program leaders for a participation rate of 72% (58 of 81). Interviews were conducted in 2 blocks (8/2023-11/2023 and then 7/2024-8/2024) and focused on the 2023-24 academic year. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed collaboratively by the first three authors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All program leaders described how their rural rotations provide educational benefits that transcend the issue of practice location. The authors identify and describe 4 prominent themes from the interviews: access to cases, particularly those deemed core or \"bread-and-butter\" general surgery; exposure to rural practitioners who model broad-spectrum general surgery; insights into resource-limited practice settings; and the learning advantages of increased responsibility, leadership development, and mentorship typically present in small rural facilities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Program leaders touted the educational benefits of rural rotations for all residents, a finding that might prompt more programs to consider such opportunities. Academic-rural partnerships could become a routine component of residencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 1","pages":"Article 103344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Impostorism in the Pediatric Surgeon","authors":"Chelsea Marin MD ,&nbsp;Matthew M. Byrne MD ,&nbsp;Pamela M. Choi MD ,&nbsp;Katherine T. Flynn O'Brien MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Jessica Zagory MD ,&nbsp;Marion C. Henry MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Nicole A. Wilson PhD, MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><div>Impostor phenomenon (IP) is defined as feeling inadequacy, self-doubt, and the tendency to attribute achievement to external causes. We sought to examine IP rates among pediatric surgeons and to identify IP-associated factors, based on the hypothesis that pediatric surgeons experience imposterism, especially in the first few years of practice.</div></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><div>Anonymous survey, including the validated Clance IP Scale (CIPS), distributed to pediatric surgeons. CIPS scores indicated degree of IP characteristics: 21-40= “few,” 41-60=“moderate,” 61-80=“frequent,” 81-100=“intense.” Demographic, training, and practice-based characteristics were collected. Univariate statistics were used to compare differences between groups and logistic regression to further understand associations.</div></div><div><h3>SETTING</h3><div>Survey study distributed via email to the American Pediatric Surgical Association (January 2023-February 2023).</div></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><div>1129 surveys were sent. We received 337 responses (29.8%) and analyzed data from 319 respondents, after exclusion of incomplete responses and fellows.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>The median CIPS score for analyzed respondents was 52 (IQR 40-65), moderate imposterism. Female respondents were more likely to have IP compared to males (OR 3.52 [CI 2.13-5.73], p &lt; 0.01). Junior attendings (&lt;5y practice) had increased odds of IP (OR 2.88, CI 1.71-4.93) compared to midcareer and senior attendings (p &lt; 0.001). Using multiple logistic regression, the addition of junior attending status plus female gender was even more predictive of imposterism [AUC 0.722; CI 0.661-0.782; p &lt; 0.0001]. There was no relationship between IP and fellowship or practice-based characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>IP is prevalent among pediatric surgeons, particularly junior surgeons, and females. We did not find a relationship with IP and fellowship or practice-based characteristics but did find higher IP in respondents who did not feel they had support in practice. We underscore both intrapersonal and interpersonal characteristics impact IP in the pediatric surgeon. We suggest interventions that foster inclusion and mentorship be employed to help mitigate possible negative outcomes of IP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 1","pages":"Article 103347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table of Contents & Bacode","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"81 12","pages":"Article 103358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}