Journal of Surgical Education最新文献

{"title":"A Canadian National Survey Study of Harassment in Surgery—Still a Long Way to Go","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>Previous literature has consistently documented harassment and discrimination in surgery. These experiences may contribute to the continuing gender inequity in surgical fields. The objective of our study was to survey Canadian surgeons and surgical trainees to gain a greater understanding of the experience of harassment across genders, career stage, and specialty.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>A cross-sectional, online survey was distributed to Canadian residents, fellows, and practicing surgeons in general surgery, plastic surgery, and neurosurgery through their national society email lists and via social media posts.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>There were 194 included survey respondents (60 residents, 11 fellows, and 123 staff) from general surgery (44.8%), plastic surgery (42.7%), and neurosurgery (12.5%). 59.8% of women reported having experienced harassment compared to only 26.0% of men. Women were significantly more likely to be harassed by colleagues and patients/families compared to men. Residents (62.5%) were two times more likely to report being harassed compared to fellows/staff (38.3%). Residents were significantly more likely to be harassed by patients/families while fellows/staff were more likely to be harassed by colleagues. There were no significant differences in self-reported harassment across the three surgical specialties. There was no significant difference in rates of reported harassment between current residents (62.5%), and fellow/staff recollections of their experiences of harassment during residency (59.2%).</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>The prevalence of gender-based discrimination remains high and harassment prevalence remains largely unchanged from when current staff were in residency. Our findings highlight a need to implement systemic changes to support the increasing number of women entering surgery, and to improve surgical culture to continue to attract the best and brightest to the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Residents’ Surgical Outcomes Using Data from the Quality In-Training Initiative","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Monitoring resident trainees’ patient outcomes is essential to improving surgical performance; however, resident-specific follow-up is rarely provided in the current surgical training environment. Whether there is a correlation between individual resident's surgical performance and patients’ clinical outcomes remains undefined. In this study, we aimed to use risk-adjusted patient outcomes as an educational tool to track individual surgical trainee performance.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><p>American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) appendectomy and partial colectomy operations (2013-2021) were examined. Residents performing ≥25 operations were included. The primary outcome was ACS NSQIP-defined morbidity adjusted using estimated probability of morbidity. Observed-to-expected ratios (O/E) of morbidity measured overall performance and risk-adjusted cumulative sum (RA-CUSUM) methodology represented surgical resident's performance over time.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Academic quaternary care institution.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Highest-ranking surgical resident participating in an operation and included in Quality In-Training Initiative.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 449 operations were examined. 12 residents performed 343 appendectomy operations. 7 residents (29.3 ± 5.1 operations each) did not have any postoperative morbidity and demonstrated better-than-expected patient outcomes. Three residents did not have morbidity after their seventh/eleventh/fifteenth appendectomies. Two residents (case volume 29, 33) had an O/E ratio &gt; 3. Partial colectomy (n = 106) performed by 4 residents had 2 residents (case volume 30, 26) with better-than-expected outcomes and 2 with worse-than-expected (case volume 25, 25).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Longitudinal monitoring of postoperative patient outcomes provides an opportunity for trainee self-reflection and system examination. RA-CUSUM methodology offers sequential monitoring allowing for early evaluation and intervention when RA-CUSUM results for a trainee demonstrate higher-than-expected morbidity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Annual Review of Competency Progression Outcomes Issued to General Surgical Trainees","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The Covid-19 pandemic had a profound impact on surgical training. In this longitudinal cohort study, we quantify the effects of the pandemic on United Kingdom (UK) surgeons in higher specialty training by analyzing the Annual Review of Competency Progression (ARCP) Outcomes issued to them prior to, and during, the pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Anonymized records were provided from the UK training management system- the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme (ISCP)- on the ARCP Outcomes of higher specialty trainees in General Surgery over the period between January 2017 and December 2022. Demographic data including sex and age group on starting higher specialty training were considered, as were working pattern, phase of training during the height of the pandemic (2020 and 2021), and training region. The proportion of nonstandard outcomes, and the use of specific Covid-19 outcomes, were analyzed to assess the impact of these variables on ARCP outcome using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Prepandemic outcomes in 2017 were used as a comparator.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 7414 ARCP outcomes issued to 1874 General Surgery higher speciality trainees were analysed. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) for receiving a nonstandard outcome in 2020 (compared to 2017) was 3.07 (95% CI: 2.47-3.81, p &lt; 0.001) not recovering to prepandemic levels by the end of 2022 (AOR 2.11 (95% CI: 1.69-2.64, p &lt; 0.001)). Female sex (AOR 1.27 (95% CI: 1.13-1.43, p &lt; 0.001) and being older on starting higher surgical training (AOR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.34-1.70, p &lt; 0.001) were both significantly associated with a higher chance of nonstandard outcome. Working pattern was linked to ARCP outcome on univariate analysis, but this relationship disappeared once corrected for other demographic factors (1.05, 95% CI: 0.88-1.24, p = 0.582). Being at a later stage of training during the pandemic was not linked to an increase in AOR of receiving a nonstandard outcome (1.09, 95% CI: 0.97-1.22, p = 0.134), but trainees receiving a nonstandard outcome in this group were more likely to have extra training time advised (15.49%, vs 4.27% in 2021). The highest AOR of receiving a Covid-19 outcome was in the Wessex Deanery at 2.85 (95% CI: 1.83-4.46, p &lt; 0.001), whilst the lowest AOR were seen in Yorkshire and the Humber (0.32, 95% CI: 0.17-0.62, p &lt; 0.001). Removing Covid-19 specific outcomes from the analysis shows a continued rise in the use of nonstandard outcomes in all years except 2020.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The Covid-19 Pandemic had a significant impact on the trajectory of training in General Surgery in the UK. Training extensions were more likely to be recommended later in training. There was considerable variation in the use of Covid-19 ARCP outcomes across the UK. There is ongoing evidence of differential attainment at ARCP in General Surgery, with female trainees and older graduates h","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-fellowship Inter-institutional Exchange: Answering the Call for Hepatopancreatobiliary Training Standardization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>General surgery trainees interested in performing hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery can choose from multiple fellowship pathways, namely HPB, surgical oncology (SO), and abdominal transplant-HPB (TXP-HPB). Although focused on similar operations, each program offers distinct clinical and technical emphases.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>An annual inter-institutional exchange between TXP-HPB and SO fellowships, starting in 2014.</p></div><div><h3>Setting and Participants</h3><p>TXP-HPB fellows from Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL) and SO fellows from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>About 14 fellows have participated in the exchange so far, 13 of whom responded to our survey. At MSKCC, TXP-HPB fellows performed a median of 24 cases, including 6 major pancreatic resections, 3 major hepatectomies, 4 hepatic artery infusion pump insertions, and 1 major biliary case. At WUSTL, SO fellows performed a median of 16 cases, including 5 liver transplants, 2 major pancreatic resections, 2 major hepatectomies, and 2 major biliary cases. About 92.3% of respondents stated they would repeat the rotation, with SO fellows emphasizing the exposure to vascular anastomoses and transplant-HPB fellows appreciating the oncologic focus.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A monthlong inter-institutional exchange offers a unique opportunity to standardize and improve HPB education.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Peer and Faculty Feedback for Asynchronous Laparoscopic Skill Acquisition","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Traditionally, expert surgeons have provided surgical trainees with feedback about their simulation performance, including for asynchronous practice. Unfortunately, innumerable time demands may limit experts’ ability to provide feedback. It is unknown whether and how peer feedback is an effective mechanism to help residents acquire laparoscopic skill in an asynchronous setting. As such, we aimed to assess the effect of peer feedback on laparoscopic performance and determine how residents perceive giving and receiving peer feedback.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>We conducted a convergent mixed methods study. In the quantitative component, we randomized residents to receive feedback on home laparoscopic tasks from peers or faculty. We then held an end-of-curriculum, in-person laparoscopic assessment with members from both groups and compared performance on the in-person assessment between the groups. In the qualitative component, we conducted interviews with resident participants to explore experiences with feedback and performance. Three authors coded and rigorously reviewed interview data using a directed content analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>We performed this study at a single tertiary academic institution: the University of California, San Francisco.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>We invited 47 junior residents in general surgery, obstetrics-gynecology, and urology to participate, of whom 37 (79%) participated in the home curriculum and 25 (53%) participated in the end-of-curriculum assessment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Residents in the peer feedback group scored similarly on the final assessment (mean 70.7%; SD 16.1%) as residents in the faculty feedback group (mean 71.8%; SD 11.9%) (p = 0.86). Through qualitative analysis of interviews with 13 residents, we identified key reasons for peer feedback's efficacy: shared mental models, the ability to brainstorm and appreciate new approaches, and a low-stakes learning environment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We found that peer and faculty feedback led to similar performance in basic laparoscopy and that residents engaged positively with peer feedback, suggesting that peer feedback can be used when residents learn basic laparoscopy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931720424002393/pdfft?md5=6dbe77c4be5fabe4f00c453abf1f4c19&pid=1-s2.0-S1931720424002393-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Reliable are Single-Question Workplace-Based Assessments in Surgery?","authors":"Rebecca S. Gates MD, MMHPE ,&nbsp;Andrew E. Krumm PhD ,&nbsp;Olle ten Cate PhD ,&nbsp;Xilin Chen MPH ,&nbsp;Kayla Marcotte MS ,&nbsp;Angela E. Thelen MD ,&nbsp;Shanley B. Deal MD ,&nbsp;Adnan Alseidi MD, Ed.M ,&nbsp;David Swanson PhD ,&nbsp;Brian C. George MD, MAEd","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>Workplace-based assessments (WBAs) play an important role in the assessment of surgical trainees. Because these assessment tools are utilized by a multitude of faculty, inter-rater reliability is important to consider when interpreting WBA data. Although there is evidence supporting the validity of many of these tools, inter-reliability evidence is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of multiple operative WBA tools utilized in general surgery residency.</p></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><p>General surgery residents and teaching faculty were recorded during 6 general surgery operations. Nine faculty raters each reviewed 6 videos and rated each resident on performance (using the Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning, or SIMPL, Performance Scale as well as the operative performance rating system (OPRS) Scale), entrustment (using the ten Cate Entrustment-Supervision Scale), and autonomy (using the Zwisch Scale). The ratings were reviewed for inter-rater reliability using percent agreement and intraclass correlations.</p></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><p>Nine faculty members viewed the videos and assigned ratings for multiple WBAs.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Absolute intraclass correlation coefficients for each scale ranged from 0.33 to 0.47.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>All single-item WBA scales had low to moderate inter-rater reliability. While rater training may improve inter-rater reliability for single observations, many observations by many raters are needed to reliably assess trainee performance in the workplace.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Innovation Discovery Course: Utilizing Surgical Trainee Agile Innovation and Empowerment (STAIR) Framework to Promote Innovation Amongst Surgical Residents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>INTRODUCTION</h3><p>Innovation education programs can help guide and empower surgeons and surgical trainees through the many steps to analyze and de-risk novel ideas to impact healthcare or care delivery. Providing quality programming that is conducive to a surgeon's busy schedule is an ongoing challenge, but even more so for a surgical trainees’ schedule. Through a needs assessment and applying lean principles, the “Surgical Trainee Agile Innovation and empoweRment” (STAIR) framework was created to encourage surgical trainees to participate in innovation programming.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>Numerous works have explored the design and development of learning experiences to support physician innovators. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting frameworks that contribute to innovation empowerment for surgical trainees as a complement to the demands of clinical practice. The following catalogs the systematic design and development of a novel innovation and discovery agile framework tailored to surgical residents with original innovation ideas.</p></div><div><h3>DESIGN AND SETTING</h3><p>The course designed to implement the “Surgical Trainee Agile Innovation and empoweRment” (STAIR) is funded through the Department of Surgery at the University of Michigan. It is an 8-week team-based innovation course designed for surgical residents to learn and apply fundamental innovation concepts to clinical problems.</p></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS AND RESULTS</h3><p>Surgical trainees in all programs at the host institution are all eligible to participate. A total of four innovation teams were selected to participate in inaugural course.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>The novel instructional design and development of this course encouraged participation in surgical innovation programming. The course aided the development of innovative ideas and inspired interest in innovation among surgical trainees. The STAIR framework is exemplary for inspiring and facilitating innovation among surgical trainees, enhancing the professional experience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141163188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grit and Thoracic Surgery Interest Among Medical Students","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>This study evaluated the relationship between medical student Grit and thoracic surgery career interest.</p></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><p>An online questionnaire was designed to measure self-reported ratings of Grit among medical student using the Short-Grit scale, as well as thoracic surgery career interest.</p></div><div><h3>SETTING</h3><p>Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.</p></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><p>From 2019 to 2021, 192/367 (52.3%) participants in their first or second year of medical school. The cohort was comprised of 109 (56.8%) females while 115 (59.9%) were &lt;24 years of age.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Mean Grit was high (M = 4.159 +/- 0.450) among medical students. There were 80 (41.2%) students interested in thoracic surgery. There was a significant difference in Grit between students with a career interest in thoracic surgery (4.256 +/- 0.442) and those uninterested in thoracic surgery (4.089 +/- 0.444); t(190) = 2.572, p = 0.011; Cohen's D = 0.442. Career interest in thoracic surgery was not influenced by career factor interest.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Grittier students have a career interest in thoracic surgery. Recruitment teams in thoracic surgery residency programs with high rates of burnout and poor psychological wellbeing among trainees may take interest in these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931720424002368/pdfft?md5=d6b30fd090d4b9e1fbc74ad6d780cfd3&pid=1-s2.0-S1931720424002368-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141163177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underrepresented in Medicine Applicants are Less Likely to Successfully Match into Plastic Surgery","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Importance</h3><p>The lack of underrepresented in medicine physicians in academic plastic surgery has been a topic of interest for many years, and accordingly outreach has been undertaken to address the pipeline from medical school to residency and beyond.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to assess and identify the characteristics associated with plastic surgery match success for underrepresented in medicine applicants.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Residency application data for first time, US allopathic medical school seniors from the 2017-2018 to 2021-2022 applicant cycles were abstracted from Electronic Residency Application Service applications, and match results were determined using the National Residency Matching Program database and online public sources. Data included self-reported race, and multiple application characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression of application characteristics were used to assess the relationship between underrepresented in medicine status and successfully matching. Binary logistic regression was used in subgroup analyses of each application characteristic, and interactions regression was used to evaluate the relative weight of each characteristic on successfully matching.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Underrepresented in medicine applicants were 57% less likely to match than non-underrepresented in medicine applicants (OR 0.43, p = 0.001), though they were 60% less likely to match (OR_adj 0.4, p = 0.216) when adjusted. Subgroup analysis revealed that odds of matching as an underrepresented in medicine applicant were significantly increased if the applicant had a home program, took a research year, and had an increased number of published research and presentations (ORs 0.43-0.48, all p &lt; 0.05). Odds of matching as an underrepresented in medicine applicant were significantly decreased if the applicant went to a medical school ranked in the highest or lowest third (ORs 0.41-0.42, all p &lt; 0.01); however, on interaction regression the odds of matching from a highly ranked medical school was increased (OR 3.5, 95% CI 0.98-12.55, p = 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The likelihood of matching as an underrepresented in medicine applicant is lower than the rest of the applicant population, and there are no individual applicant characteristics that can increase these odds to equal that of the general applicant population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141163189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative Development and Implementation of a Hybrid Virtual Surgery Clerkship Curriculum in a Vietnamese Medical School","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To collaboratively develop a hybrid virtual curriculum for a medical school surgery clerkship within an emerging medical university in Vietnam.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A hybrid virtual surgery clerkship curriculum was collaboratively developed by Vietnamese and American surgeons as part of an international partnership between their respective universities. A set of 25 virtual lectures with associated materials were created and deployed in tandem with live, in-person review and skills sessions. Student quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods were developed and deployed to allow continuous iteration. A 6-month course was deployed to develop surgical faculty into effective teachers.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>The curriculum was deployed at VinUniversity College of Health Sciences, the youngest medical university in Vietnam. It was developed in collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. Each cohort of 12 students in the surgical clerkship will participate in the curriculum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The development of this hybrid surgical clerkship in Vietnam leveraged local resources and expertise with those available remotely. Lessons learned are directly applicable to future collaborative curriculum development efforts at other emerging medical schools.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}