Journal of Surgical Education最新文献

{"title":"Is Signaling the Solution? Curbing Excess Volumes and Costs of Urology Residency Applications With Large-Volume Preference Signaling","authors":"Anessa N. Rafetto MD,&nbsp;Candace F. Granberg MD,&nbsp;Kevin Koo MD, MPH, MPhil","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Rising annual volumes of urology residency applications have increased applicants’ expenses and program faculty’s time costs. A “large-volume” preference signaling initiative that was introduced in the 2024 residency match, in which applicants may “signal” their interest in up to 30 programs, has the potential to reduce excess application volumes. We aimed to characterize changes in urology residency application volumes and model the financial impact to residency applicants and programs following implementation of large-volume preference signaling.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using public data from the Association of American Medical Colleges and American Urological Association, we analyzed urology residency application and interview volumes during 2013 to 2024 and modeled preinterview costs during 2017 to 2024. To model applicants’ costs, we calculated submission fees for the total applicant pool annually. For program costs, we assumed that submitted applications undergo 2 rounds of faculty screening and that large-volume preference signaling permits programs to halve the initial screening pool. All costs were adjusted for inflation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2013 to 2023, the average number of applications submitted per applicant increased by 66% (53 to 83 applications). In 2024, large-volume preference signaling decreased submitted applications by 25% to 66 per applicant, while average interviews given by programs and taken by applicants remained unchanged. In the cost model, large-volume preference signaling resulted in applicants’ average submission costs decreasing by 31% per applicant and programs’ review costs decreasing by 25% per program. The total cost of application submission and review decreased by 26% from $3.05 million to $2.25 million, corresponding to a per-vacancy cost of $5,836, the lowest cost observed during the study period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Implementation of large-volume preference signaling resulted in markedly decreased urology residency application volumes and program review time, resulting in substantially lower total costs of the submission and review process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 7","pages":"Article 103542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Guide to the Background, Purpose, and Scope of Critical Access Hospitals for the Surgical Trainee","authors":"Kimberly B. Golisch MD, MS ,&nbsp;Isolina R. Rossi MD ,&nbsp;Alfred Rossi MD ,&nbsp;Matthew B. Rossi MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper serves to highlight aspects of critical access hospitals (CAH) that all surgeons and trainees should understand, regardless of their current and future practice settings. Due to the unique patient population, coordination of care needs, and varied scope of practice it is vital to have knowledge of CAH inner workings from a surgical perspective. It is also useful to comprehend why CAH surgeons are integral to rural healthcare systems, especially in the setting of on-going economic strain in the postpandemic era. A general comprehension of the scope of CAH perioperative capabilities is paramount to optimizing patient care and enhancing effective communication between facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 7","pages":"Article 103537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current Landscape of Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery Education and Training: A Systematic Review","authors":"Ariana Genovese ,&nbsp;Sahar Borna ,&nbsp;Cesar A. Gomez-Cabello ,&nbsp;Syed Ali Haider ,&nbsp;Srinivasagam Prabha ,&nbsp;Maissa Trabilsy ,&nbsp;Antonio Jorge Forte","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise in surgery, but its role in plastic surgery education remains underexplored. This review evaluates the current landscape of AI in plastic surgery education.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted on August 11, 2024, across PubMed, CINAHL, IEEE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using terms related to AI, plastic surgery, and education. Original research articles focusing on AI in plastic surgery education were included, excluding correspondence, reviews, book chapters, theses, corrections, and non–peer-reviewed or non-English articles. Two investigators independently screened studies and synthesized data. ROBINS-I was used to assess bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen studies were included, with 13 evaluating large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Microsoft Bing, and Google Bard. ChatGPT-4 outperformed other models on In-Service Examinations (average score of 72.7%) and demonstrated potential as a teaching assistant in plastic surgery education. AI-generated personal statements were comparable to human-written ones. However, ChatGPT showed inaccuracies in generating surgical protocols. ChatGPT demonstrated its ability to provide qualitative predictions, forecasting survey results that indicated limited current use of AI in plastic surgery education but support for further AI research. a study combined ChatGPT with DALL-E 2, a generative model, to create acceptable educational images. Machine learning was used in 1 study for evaluating surgical skill and providing real-time feedback during liposuction. Nine studies had low risk of bias, while 6 had moderate risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AI demonstrates potential as an educational tool in plastic surgery. However, limitations of evidence, such as AI model uncertainties, introduce ambiguity. While AI cannot replicate the expertise of seasoned surgeons, it shows promise for foundational learning and skill assessment. Developing authenticity guidelines and enhancing AI capabilities are essential for its effective, ethical integration into plastic surgery education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 8","pages":"Article 103519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Preoperative Preparation Between Novice Surgeons and Experts: A Scoping Review","authors":"Keita Ishido ,&nbsp;Kotoe Kiriyama ,&nbsp;Saseem Poudel ,&nbsp;Makiko Hiradate ,&nbsp;Yukari Kono ,&nbsp;Yo Kurashima ,&nbsp;Satoshi Hirano","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Patient outcomes are strongly influenced by the experience of the surgeon. Expert surgeons typically exhibit broader situational awareness and risk assessment, whereas novice surgeons tend to have more focused planning and a higher cognitive load under stressful conditions. This scoping review aimed to clarify the differences in preoperative preparation between novice and expert surgeons. By mapping existing studies, we highlighted critical gaps and proposed directions for research in surgical education.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for English-language articles published through October 2024. The search terms were: “expert,” “novice,” “preoperative,” and “decision-making and preparation”, although these were supplemented by hand-searching reference lists. Ten studies comparing the preoperative communication, treatment planning, and decision-making of novice and expert surgeons were included.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Our data indicated that expert surgeons demonstrated more proactive communication, broader situational awareness, and stronger checklist adherence than novice surgeons. Nontechnical skills generally improved with experience, although there was evidence of a plateau at advanced stages. Three studies reported a higher preoperative planning accuracy among experts, whereas 1 study showed no significant differences. Novice surgeons tended to focus on immediate tasks, while experts considered long-term risks and management strategies. Reflective learning, mentorship, and simulation-based practice were frequently emphasized as the keys to bridging this gap in knowledge, highlighting the multifaceted nature of surgical expertise.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Preoperative preparation differs between novice and expert surgeons. This observation supports the need for structured mentorship and targeted training to accelerate skills development. Such interventions may improve patient safety and outcomes, particularly in high-stress settings. Further research should clarify how these strategies influence long-term outcomes under high-stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 7","pages":"Article 103540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Team Response to Surgical Airway Emergencies: A Simulation-based, Multidisciplinary Approach to Quality Improvement","authors":"Jimmie Knight III MD ,&nbsp;Jessica Richelieu MD ,&nbsp;Jose M. Velasco MD, FACS ,&nbsp;Graham Lubinsky MD, FASA ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Day MSN ,&nbsp;Tyler Weiss MSc, RRT-ACCS ,&nbsp;Philip Omotosho MD, FACS ,&nbsp;Nicole Siparsky MD, FACS, FCCM","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Early and late surgical airway complications, such as tracheostomy dislodgment, obstruction, and bleeding, are associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The number of times a provider will face such a complication in their training will be limited, due to the rarity of these events. A simulation-based, multidisciplinary approach can be used to improve the quality of care delivered during these rare events. Our aim was to design and implement a simulation experience to provide trainees with the opportunity to practice team-based surgical airway emergency management.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div><em>Population:</em> Inexperienced intensive care unit providers (novice nurses, respiratory therapy students, and junior surgery and anesthesiology residents) who care for patients with tracheostomy complications.</div><div><em>Setting:</em> Simulated intensive care unit in a large urban academic hospital.</div><div><em>Intervention:</em> A novel simulation curriculum was authored to reflect the tracheostomy emergency scenarios encountered in our clinical practice: early tracheostomy dislodgment, early tracheostomy obstruction, and late bleeding after tracheostomy. Multidisciplinary teams, composed of general surgery and anesthesia residents, ICU nurses and respiratory therapy students, completed a 60-minute training experience in our high-fidelity simulation lab. Post graduate year 2 or 3 general surgery residents, post graduate year 2 or 3 anesthesia residents, novice ICU nurse (less than 1 year of ICU experience), and senior respiratory therapy students were invited to participate. Participants were surveyed before and after the experience to assess their confidence. Participants were scored by a faculty moderator using a standardized checklist to assess their function as a team.</div><div><em>Outcome and Statistical Assessment:</em> Seven multidisciplinary teams (n = 28) were created. A composite group, consisting of all trainees, showed a statistically significant increase in reported confidence for assessing respiratory distress, communicating basic life support algorithms, and managing tracheostomy dislodgement, obstruction, and bleeding (p &lt; 0.05). An average of 52% improvement was observed in team function from the first to third training scenario. All trainees reported a high level of satisfaction in all categories.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>Trainees providing care in intensive care unit lack confidence in managing tracheostomy-related emergencies. Utilizing a multidisciplinary simulation-based training program in a high-fidelity simulation environment, we demonstrated improved trainee confidence and team-based management of these challenging scenarios. Future study focused on the outcomes of airway emergencies in our institution will determine whether or not this intervention can promote a culture of safety and translate to improved patient safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 8","pages":"Article 103544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table of Contents & Bacode","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1931-7204(25)00140-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1931-7204(25)00140-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 6","pages":"Article 103559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Implementation of a Preclinical Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Mentorship Program","authors":"Bryce Dzubara MD ,&nbsp;George Durisek MBA ,&nbsp;Juhi Katta MD ,&nbsp;Eric Min MD ,&nbsp;Nojan Bajestani MD ,&nbsp;Stephanie Paras MD ,&nbsp;Cristiane Ueno MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To implement a longitudinal mentorship program in plastic surgery for preclinical medical students and evaluate whether the program positively affected participants.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and Participants</h3><div>At The Ohio State University, a tertiary academic medical center, from January 2023 to May 2024, <strong>2</strong> medical student cohorts, comprising a total of 31 students, were paired among 10 plastic surgeons. Program objectives included clinical, operating room, and Grand Round attendance as well as a case presentation to the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Mentorship Program (PRSMP) peers, leadership, and mentors at the conclusion of the mentorship period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 31 participating students, 20 (65%) consented to receive surveys, and 17 (85% of consenting participants, 55% of involved students) successfully completed postprogram surveys. Surgical observation was the most enjoyable program component (88%), and the most useful in career discernment (59%). All 17 participants reported an increase in exposure to plastic surgery (proportion, <em>R</em>:1.0; 95% CI [0.86-1.0]), while 16 participants (94%) reported an increase in knowledge of plastic surgery, willingness to engage in plastic surgery extracurriculars, and belief that the PRSMP was a beneficial use of time (proportion, <em>R</em>:0.94; 95% CI [0.73-0.99]). Fifteen students (88%) reported increased interest in plastic surgery research, a high likelihood of maintaining contact with their mentor, and benefits of having a plastic surgery attending mentor (proportion, <em>R</em>:0.88; 95% CI [0.67-0.97]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The PRSMP benefited students across multiple realms and promoted longitudinal relationships between attending physicians and medical students. This program can serve as an effective model for the creation of similar mentorship programs, especially during preclinical years of medical school.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 7","pages":"Article 103520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Sustainability Into Graduate Medical Education for Surgical Trainees","authors":"Katie Foug BS ,&nbsp;Armaan Patel BS ,&nbsp;Jenny H. Chang MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Kimberly Woo MD ,&nbsp;Abby Gross MD ,&nbsp;Sofya Asfaw MD, MBA ,&nbsp;Benjamin Miller MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change represents an escalating threat to global health, with unique implications for surgical care and training. Given that the healthcare sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, surgical trainees must be equipped to practice sustainably. We propose integrating climate-related content into surgical training through resident education, research initiatives, and faculty leadership. A multifaceted educational approach is essential to prepare surgeons for the clinical and systemic challenges posed by climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 7","pages":"Article 103511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Gender on Case Log Volumes for Urology Residents: An 11 Year National Study","authors":"Jenna Bates Maffei MD ,&nbsp;Angeline Johny MD ,&nbsp;Yoon Soo Park PhD ,&nbsp;Eric Holmboe MD ,&nbsp;Sean O. Hogan PhD ,&nbsp;Gina M. Badalato MD ,&nbsp;Kate H. Kraft MD, MHPE ,&nbsp;Wesley A. Mayer MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study is the first examination of the relationship between gender and urology residency case log distribution on a national scale. We hypothesized that female urology residents log fewer overall cases and discrepancies exist within index case categories across genders.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>`This study involved a retrospective review of a novel database integrating resident characteristics from multiple national data systems provided by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME).</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>This study included all graduating trainees from ACGME-accredited urology residencies over an 11-year period.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>We analyzed 3,335 graduating residents from 145 urology programs over 11 years, between 2013 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The percentage of female urology residents ranged from 21% to 28%, with no significant increase over time (p = 0.575). Total cases per resident increased from an average of 1259 (SD = 288) in 2013 to 1624 (SD = 378) in 2023 (p &lt; 0.001). Female residents logged significantly fewer cases overall: 1,374 (SD = 330) vs. 1423 (SD = 365) for male residents (p &lt; 0.001). Female residents logged significantly fewer cases in 4 of the 11 years, 3 of which were in the past 5 years. Males logged significantly more general urology, endoscopy, and oncology cases than females (p &lt; 0.001 for all). Only pediatrics and reconstruction cases were logged more by females in any year.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The number of female urology graduates was statistically unchanged over 11 years. Although meeting required case minimums, females logged significantly fewer cases than males overall and in three of the last 5 years. Addressing this apparent gender gap is essential given the correlation between surgeons’ case volumes and patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 6","pages":"Article 103515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ambush Teaching Method: A Novel Teaching Approach Through Subversion of Expectations and Anonymous Peer Review","authors":"Stefan Dimou BBiomed, MBBS, MSurg","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The Ambush Teaching Method (ATM) is a novel educational approach designed to enhance clinical decision-making skills among junior doctors (postgraduate years 1 and 2) by leveraging subversion of expectations and anonymous peer review.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>The method has been implemented during junior doctor training lectures run by neurosurgery between 2020-2024 in Christchurch, New Zealand, focusing on unique challenges in managing neurosurgical patients after-hours.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ATM engages participants through unexpected shifts in the teaching process. Rapid-fire clinical scenarios simulate real-world clinical pressures, while anonymized answer-sharing fosters a safe environment for open discussion and reflection. An innovative use of peer responses enables attendees to evaluate their decision-making skills without fear of social or professional repercussions, promoting confident participation. The learning experience culminates with lecturer-led discussions of the correct answers, offering a robust self-evaluation framework.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, the method instils a germane cognitive load to enhance the educational experience for junior doctors as lecture attendees. When paired with scenarios which allow them to hear their peers' responses anonymously this can broaden their understanding further still. This article describes a novel, practical teaching method which has great potential to engage attendees while also integrating educational theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"82 6","pages":"Article 103522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}