Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society最新文献

{"title":"Internalizing and somatic symptoms influence the discrepancy between subjective and objective cognitive difficulties in adults with ADHD who have valid and invalid test scores","authors":"John-Christopher A. Finley, Anthony D. Robinson, Hannah B. VanLandingham, Devin M. Ulrich, Matthew S. Phillips, Jason R. Soble","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000365","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between various intrapersonal factors and the discrepancy between subjective and objective cognitive difficulties in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The first aim was to examine these associations in patients with valid cognitive symptom reporting. The next aim was to investigate the same associations in patients with invalid scores on tests of cognitive symptom overreporting. Method: The sample comprised 154 adults who underwent a neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD. Patients were divided into groups based on whether they had valid cognitive symptom reporting and valid test performance (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 117) or invalid cognitive symptom overreporting but valid test performance (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 37). Scores from multiple symptom and performance validity tests were used to group patients. Using patients’ scores from a cognitive concerns self-report measure and composite index of objective performance tests, we created a subjective-objective discrepancy index to quantify the extent of cognitive concerns that exceeded difficulties on objective testing. Various measures were used to assess intrapersonal factors thought to influence the subjective-objective cognitive discrepancy, including demographics, estimated premorbid intellectual ability, internalizing symptoms, somatic symptoms, and perceived social support. Results: Patients reported greater cognitive difficulties on subjective measures than observed on objective testing. The discrepancy between subjective and objective scores was most strongly associated with internalizing and somatic symptoms. These associations were observed in both validity groups. Conclusions: Subjective cognitive concerns may be more indicative of the extent of internalizing and somatic symptoms than actual cognitive impairment in adults with ADHD, regardless if they have valid scores on cognitive symptom overreporting tests.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered learning from positive feedback in adolescents with anorexia nervosa","authors":"Blair Uniacke, Wouter van den Bos, Joseph Wonderlich, Jessica Ojeda, Jonathan Posner, Joanna E. Steinglass, Karin Foerde","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000237","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by severe restriction of calorie intake, which persists despite serious medical and psychological sequelae of starvation. Several prior studies have identified impaired feedback learning among individuals with AN, but whether it reflects a disturbance in learning from positive feedback (i.e., reward), negative feedback (i.e., punishment), or both, and the extent to which this impairment is related to severity and duration of illness, has not been clarified. Method: Participants were female adolescents with AN (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 76) and healthy teen volunteers (HC; <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 38) between the ages of 12–18 years who completed a probabilistic reinforcement learning task. A Bayesian reinforcement learning model was used to calculate separate learning rates for positive and negative feedback. Exploratory analyses examined associations between feedback learning and duration of illness, eating disorder severity, and self/parent reports of reward and punishment sensitivity. Results: Adolescents with AN had a significantly lower rate of learning from positive feedback relative to HC. Patients and HC did not differ in learning from negative feedback or on overall task performance measures. Feedback learning parameters were not significantly associated with duration of illness, eating disorder severity, or questionnaire-based reports of reward and punishment sensitivity. Conclusion: Adolescents with AN showed a circumscribed deficit in learning from reward that was not associated with duration of illness or reported sensitivity to reward or punishment. Subsequent longitudinal research should explore whether differences in learning from positive feedback relate to course of illness in youth with AN.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using augmented reality to assess spatial neglect: The Free Exploration Test (FET)","authors":"Britta Stammler, Marian Lambert, Thomas Schuster, Kathrin Flammer, Hans-Otto Karnath","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000274","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To capture the distortion of exploratory activity typical of patients with spatial neglect, traditional diagnostic methods and new virtual reality applications use confined workspaces that limit patients’ exploration behavior to a predefined area. Our aim was to overcome these limitations and enable the recording of patients’ biased activity in real, unconfined space. Methods: We developed the Free Exploration Test (FET) based on augmented reality technology. Using a live stream via the back camera on a tablet, patients search for a (non-existent) virtual target in their environment, while their exploration movements are recorded for 30 s. We tested 20 neglect patients and 20 healthy participants and compared the performance of the FET with traditional neglect tests. Results: In contrast to controls, neglect patients exhibited a significant rightward bias in exploratory movements. The FET had a high discriminative power (area under the curve = 0.89) and correlated positively with traditional tests of spatial neglect (Letter Cancellation, Bells Test, Copying Task, Line Bisection). An optimal cut-off point of the averaged bias of exploratory activity was at 9.0° on the right; it distinguished neglect patients from controls with 85% sensitivity. Discussion: FET offers time-efficient (execution time: ∼3 min), easy-to-apply, and gamified assessment of free exploratory activity. It supplements traditional neglect tests, providing unrestricted recording of exploration in the real, unconfined space surrounding the patient.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norms for neuropsychological tests in cognitively healthy French oldest old adults","authors":"Eva Sizaret, Maxime Brachet, Alix Launay, Christophe Destrieux, Ilyess Zemmoura, Lucie Angel, the FIBRATLAS Consortium","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000390","url":null,"abstract":"<span>Objective:</span><p>Normal aging often leads to cognitive decline, and oldest old people, over 80 years old, have a 15% risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is important to have appropriate tools to assess cognitive function in old age. The study aimed to provide new norms for neuropsychological tests used to evaluate the cognitive abilities in people aged 80 years and older in France, focusing on the impact of education and gender differences.</p><span>Method:</span><p>107 healthy participants with an average age of 85.2 years, with no neurological history or major cognitive deficits were included. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was performed, covering several cognitive functions such as memory, visuospatial abilities, executive functions, attention, processing speed, and praxis.</p><span>Results:</span><p>Individuals with lower levels of education performed poorly on some tests and took longer to complete. Gender differences were observed, with women outperforming men in verbal episodic memory, while men showed better performance in visuoconstructive tasks. The participants showed lower performance in verbal episodic memory compared to norms established in previous French studies. In relation to executive functions, participants were slower to perform complex tasks than participants in previous studies.</p><span>Conclusion:</span><p>This study provides cognitive norms specifically adapted to the oldest old population, which differ from established norms for younger aging adults. It highlights the importance of including these norms in future clinical and scientific investigations. The findings underscore the importance of education on cognitive abilities and emphasize the need to consider gender differences when assessing cognitive functions in aging populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological tests associated with symptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in a cohort of older adults in Tanzania.","authors":"Lachlan Fotheringham, Rachael A Lawson, Sarah Urasa, Judith Boshe, Elizabeta B Mukaetova-Ladinska, Jane Rogathi, William Howlett, Marieke C J Dekker, William K Gray, Jonathan Evans, Richard W Walker, Philip C Makupa, Stella-Maria Paddick","doi":"10.1017/S1355617724000201","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617724000201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) prevalence is expected to increase in East Africa as treatment coverage increases, survival improves, and this population ages. This study aimed to better understand the current cognitive phenotype of this newly emergent population of older combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-treated people living with HIV (PLWH), in which current screening measures lack accuracy. This will facilitate the refinement of HAND cognitive screening tools for this setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This is a secondary analysis of 253 PLWH aged ≥50 years receiving standard government HIV clinic follow-up in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. They were evaluated with a detailed locally normed low-literacy neuropsychological battery annually on three occasions and a consensus panel diagnosis of HAND by Frascati criteria based on clinical evaluation and collateral history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tests of verbal learning and memory, categorical verbal fluency, visual memory, and visuoconstruction had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.7 for symptomatic HAND (s-HAND) (0.70-0.72; <i>p</i> < 0.001 for all tests). Tests of visual memory, verbal learning with delayed recall and recognition memory, psychomotor speed, language comprehension, and categorical verbal fluency were independently associated with s-HAND in a logistic mixed effects model (<i>p</i> < 0.01 for all). Neuropsychological impairments varied by educational background.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A broad range of cognitive domains are affected in older, well-controlled, East African PLWH, including those not captured in widely used screening measures. It is possible that educational background affects the observed cognitive impairments in this setting. Future screening measures for similar populations should consider assessment of visual memory, verbal learning, language comprehension, and executive and motor function.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of neuropsychology in the care of patients with functional neurological symptom disorder.","authors":"Ryan Van Patten, Kristen Mordecai, W Curt LaFrance","doi":"10.1017/S1355617724000249","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617724000249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD) is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by signs/symptoms associated with brain network dysfunction. FNSDs are common and are associated with high healthcare costs. FNSDs are relevant to neuropsychologists, as they frequently present with chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms, subjective cognitive concerns, and/or low neuropsychological test scores, with associated disability and reduced quality of life. However, neuropsychologists in some settings are not involved in care of patients with FNSDs. This review summarizes relevant FNSD literature with a focus on the role of neuropsychologists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A brief review of the literature is provided with respect to epidemiology, public health impact, symptomatology, pathophysiology, and treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two primary areas of focus for this review are the following: (1) increasing neuropsychologists' training in FNSDs, and (2) increasing neuropsychologists' role in assessment and treatment of FNSD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with FNSD would benefit from increased involvement of neuropsychologists in their care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile toolbox (MTB) remote measures of executive function and processing speed: development and validation.","authors":"Miriam A Novack, Stephanie Ruth Young, Elizabeth M Dworak, Aaron J Kaat, Jerry Slotkin, Cindy Nowinski, Lihua Yao, Hubert Adam, Jordan Stoeger, Zahra Hosseinian, Saki Amagai, Sarah Pila, Maria Varela Diaz, Anyelo Almonte Correa, Keith Alperin, Sonia Carlson, Michael Kellen, Larsson Omberg, Monica R Camacho, Bernard Landavazo, Rachel L Nosheny, Michael W Weiner, Richard C Gershon","doi":"10.1017/S1355617724000225","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617724000225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The ability to remotely monitor cognitive skills is increasing with the ubiquity of smartphones. The Mobile Toolbox (MTB) is a new measurement system that includes measures assessing Executive Functioning (EF) and Processing Speed (PS): Arrow Matching, Shape-Color Sorting, and Number-Symbol Match. The purpose of this study was to assess their psychometric properties.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>MTB measures were developed for smartphone administration based on constructs measured in the NIH Toolbox® (NIHTB). Psychometric properties of the resulting measures were evaluated in three studies with participants ages 18 to 90. In Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 92), participants completed MTB measures in the lab and were administered both equivalent NIH TB measures and other external measures of similar cognitive constructs. In Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 1,021), participants completed the equivalent NIHTB measures in the lab and then took the MTB measures on their own, remotely. In Study 3 (<i>N</i> = 168), participants completed MTB measures twice remotely, two weeks apart.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three measures exhibited very high internal consistency and strong test-retest reliability, as well as moderately high correlations with comparable NIHTB tests and moderate correlations with external measures of similar constructs. Phone operating system (iOS vs. Android) had a significant impact on performance for Arrow Matching and Shape-Color Sorting, but no impact on either validity or reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results support the reliability and convergent validity of MTB EF and PS measures for use across the adult lifespan in remote, self-administered designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaginative elaboration in agenesis of the corpus callosum: topic modeling and perplexity.","authors":"Warren S Brown, Matthew Hoard, Brandon Birath, Mark Graves, Anne Nolty, Lynn K Paul","doi":"10.1017/S1355617724000183","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617724000183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Previous studies have found deficits in imaginative elaboration and social inference to be associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC; Renteria-Vasquez et al., 2022; Turk et al., 2009). In the current study, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) responses from a neurotypical control group and a group of individuals with ACC were used to further study the capacity for imaginative elaboration and story coherence.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Topic modeling was employed utilizing Latent Diritchlet Allocation to characterize the narrative responses to the pictures used in the TAT. A measure of the difference between models (perplexity) was used to compare the topics of the responses of individual participants to the common core model derived from the responses of the control group. Story coherence was tested using sentence-to-sentence Latent Semantic Analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group differences in perplexity were statistically significant overall, and for each card individually (<i>p</i> < .001). There were no differences between the groups in story coherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TAT narratives from persons with ACC were normally coherent, but more conventional (i.e., more similar to the core text) compared to those of neurotypical controls. Individuals with ACC can make conventional social inferences about socially ambiguous stimuli, but are restricted in their imaginative elaborations, resulting in less topical variability (lower perplexity values) compared to neurotypical controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative Data for the CERAD-NP for Healthy High-Agers (80-84 years) and Effects of Age-Typical Visual Impairment and Hearing Loss.","authors":"Stephanie Fröhlich, Katrin Müller, Claudia Voelcker-Rehage","doi":"10.1017/S1355617721001284","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617721001284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to establish reference data for nondemented adults between 80 and 84 years of age based on the German version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease Neuropsychological (CERAD-NP) test battery and to assess the possible influence of hearing and vision impairments on CERAD-NP performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred one volunteers were examined with the German CERAD-NP test battery, and 18 test scores were calculated from the data. The sample included 99 men (49%), the mean age was 81.8 years (<i>SD</i> = 1.3), and the mean years of education were 13.9 (<i>SD</i> = 3.1). Percentiles for continuous and percentile ranks for discrete test scores were calculated separately for four norm groups. The groups were classified according to gender and education. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict cognitive performance from visual acuity and hearing ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The normative data obtained were consistent with other findings from younger and older age groups. Worse visual acuity predicted slower performance in the Trail Making Test (TMT). None of the other CERAD-NP tests were correlated to sensory functions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using age-appropriate reference data, such as that established here for the 80-84 year age group can help to improve the detection of cognitive decline and prevent biases that arise when old-old adults are compared to younger old adults. Visual acuity should be considered an influencing factor on TMT performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39659675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitating clinical use of the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire: Normative data and a diagnostic cutoff value.","authors":"Merel C Postema, Mark A Dubbelman, Jürgen Claesen, Craig Ritchie, Merike Verrijp, Leonie Visser, Pieter-Jelle Visser, Marissa D Zwan, Wiesje M van der Flier, Sietske A M Sikkes","doi":"10.1017/S1355617724000031","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617724000031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (A-IADL-Q) is well validated and commonly used to assess difficulties in everyday functioning regarding dementia. To facilitate interpretation and clinical implementation across different European countries, we aim to provide normative data and a diagnostic cutoff for dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from Dutch Brain Research Registry (<i>N</i> = 1,064; mean (<i>M</i>) age = 62 ± 11 year; 69.5% female), European Medial Information Framework-Alzheimer's Disease 90 + (<i>N</i> = 63; Mage = 92 ± 2 year; 52.4% female), and European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia Longitudinal Cohort Study (<i>N</i> = 247; Mage = 63 ± 7 year; 72.1% female) were used. The generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape framework were used to obtain normative values (<i>Z</i>-scores). The beta distribution was applied, and combinations of age, sex, and educational attainment were modeled. The optimal cutoff for dementia was calculated using area under receiver operating curves (AUC-ROC) and Youden Index, using data from Amsterdam Dementia Cohort (<i>N</i> = 2,511, Mage = 64 ± 8 year, 44.4% female).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The best normative model accounted for a cubic-like decrease of IADL performance with age that was more pronounced in low compared to medium/high educational attainment. The cutoff for dementia was 1.85 standard deviation below the population mean (AUC = 0.97; 95% CI [0.97-0.98]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We provide regression-based norms for A-IADL-Q and a diagnostic cutoff for dementia, which help improve clinical assessment of IADL performance across European countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140061076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}