Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society最新文献

{"title":"The Oxford Cognitive Screen in culturally diverse populations: A comparative study of Suriname and Belgium.","authors":"Shonimá G Gangaram-Panday, Hanne Huygelier, Nele Demeyere, Céline R Gillebert","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617725101173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Post-stroke neurocognitive disorders are highly prevalent, yet screening tools that are fit for culturally diverse populations are scarce. This study evaluates the impact of cultural differences on the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS), a stroke-specific screening tool.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To evaluate cultural differences, we compared two populations with varying degrees of cultural diversity and Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) characteristics. We adapted the Dutch OCS for Suriname through a multi-stage process. Using Bayesian hierarchical regression analysis, we compared 264 Surinamese participants, assessed with the adapted Dutch OCS, with 247 Belgian participants, assessed with the Dutch OCS, while controlling for age and education. We further investigated whether the associations of age and education with performance were comparable between the two populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed minimal differences in OCS performance between the Belgian and Surinamese populations. Both populations showed similar age-related decline and education-related improvement across all subtests, except for Picture naming, where the age-related decline was more pronounced in the Belgian population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that with minimal adaptation, the OCS is a viable tool for screening post-stroke neurocognitive disorders in culturally diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in neuropsychological performance across clinical variants of progressive supranuclear palsy.","authors":"Elizabeth A Boots, Stephen D Weigand, Nha Trang Thu Pham, Farwa Ali, Heather M Clark, Julie A Stierwalt, Hugo Botha, Sarah M Boland, Yehkyoung C Stephens, Keith A Josephs, Jennifer L Whitwell, Mary M Machulda","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101215","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617725101215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated differences in cognition between variants of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) including PSP-Richardson (PSP-RS) and subcortical and cortical variants using updated diagnostic criteria and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We recruited 140 participants with PSP (age = 71.3 ± 6.9 years; education = 15.0 ± 2.8 years; 49.3% female) who completed neurological and neuropsychological assessment. Participants received diagnoses of PSP clinical variants at their evaluation (or retrospectively if evaluated before 2017) according to the Movement Disorder Society PSP criteria. We grouped variants as PSP-RS (62 participants), PSP-Cortical (25 with PSP-speech/language and 9 with PSP-corticobasal syndrome), and PSP-Subcortical (27 with PSP-parkinsonism, 11 with PSP-progressive gait freezing, and 6 with PSP-postural instability). Analysis of covariance adjusted for age assessed for differences in neuropsychological performance between variants across cognitive domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PSP-Cortical participants performed worst on measures of visual attention/working memory (Spatial Span Forward/Backward/Total), executive function (Frontal Assessment Battery), and language (Letter Fluency). PSP-RS participants performed worst on verbal memory (Camden Words). There were no significant group differences for the MoCA or indices of visuospatial function. There were no sex or education differences between PSP groups; however, there were differences in age at visit and disease duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a large sample of participants with PSP, there were differences in cognition across PSP-RS, PSP-Subcortical, and PSP-Cortical variants, with PSP-Cortical and, to a lesser extent, PSP-RS, performing worse on tests of attention and executive function. These findings suggest cognitive distinctions among PSP clinical variants and highlight the value of neuropsychological assessment in differential diagnosis of PSP subtypes for more accurate and timely clinical classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12363660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Indirect Speech in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease Dementia: Validation of the Hinting Task - Dutch Version (HT-NL).","authors":"M A B J van de Glind, F Gelmers, L C Jiskoot, S Franzen, J van Hemmen, L Assendelft, H Boersma, D Poelarends, L van Unen, J M Spikman, E van den Berg","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101197","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617725101197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Impairments in social interaction are common symptoms of dementia and necessitate the use of validated neuropsychological instruments to measure social cognition. We aim to investigate the Hinting Task - Dutch version (HT-NL), which measures the ability to infer intentions behind indirect speech to assess Theory of Mind, in dementia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sixty-six patients with dementia, of whom 22 had behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 21 had primary progressive aphasia, and 23 had Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 99 healthy control participants were included. We examined the HT-NL's psychometric properties, including internal consistency, between-group differences using analyses of covariance with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc comparisons, discriminative ability and concurrent validity using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and construct validity using Spearman rank correlations with other cognitive tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's <i>α</i> = 0.74). All patient groups scored lower on the HT-NL than the control group. Patients with bvFTD scored lower than patients with AD dementia. The HT-NL showed excellent discriminative ability (AUC = 0.83), comparable to a test of emotion recognition (ΔAUC = 0.03, <i>p</i> = .67). The HT-NL correlated significantly with a test for emotion recognition (<i>r</i> = .45), and with measures of memory and language (<i>r</i> = [.31, .40]), but not with measures of information processing speed, executive functioning, or working memory (<i>r</i> = [.00, .17]). Preliminary normative data are provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HT-NL is a psychometrically sound and valid instrument and is useful for identifying Theory of Mind impairments in patients with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7618088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Odor increases synchronization of brain activity when watching emotional movies.","authors":"Eloïse Gerardin, Jérôme Delforge, Océane Dousteyssier, Céline Manetta, Giuliano Gaeta, Arnaud Pêtre, Laurence Dricot, Armin Heinecke, Ron Kupers","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617725101082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that interpersonal synchronization of brain activity can be measured between people sharing similar emotional, narrative, or attentional states. There is evidence that odors can modulate the activity of brain regions involved in memory, emotion and social cognition, suggesting a link between shared olfactory experiences and synchronized brain activity in social contexts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used fMRI to investigate the effects of a positively-valenced odor on inter-subject correlation (ISC) of brain activity in healthy volunteers watching movies. While being inside an MRI scanner, participants (<i>N</i> = 20) watched short movie clips to induce either positive (happiness, tenderness) or negative (sadness, fear) emotions. Two movie clips were presented for each emotional category. Participants were scanned in two separate randomized sessions, once while watching the movie clips in the presence of an odor, and once without.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When all emotional categories were combined, the odor condition showed significantly higher ISC compared to the control condition in bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG), right middle temporal gyrus, left calcarine, and lingual gyrus. When splitting the movies according to valence, odor-induced increases in ISC were stronger for the negative movies. For the negative movies, ISC in the supramarginal gyrus and STG was larger in the second compared to first movie clips, indicating a time-by odor interaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings show that odor increases ISC and that its effects depend on emotional valence. Our results further emphasize the critical role of the STG in odor-based social communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognizing improved Complex Figure memory assessment: The Emory 4-choice Complex Figure recognition task.","authors":"David W Loring, Felicia C Goldstein, James J Lah, Daniel M Bolt","doi":"10.1017/S135561772510115X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S135561772510115X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We compare the Emory 10-item, 4-choice Rey Complex Figure (CF) Recognition task with the Meyers and Lange (M&L) 24-item yes/no CF Recognition task in a large cohort of healthy research participants and in patients with heterogeneous movement disorder diagnoses. While both tasks assess CF recognition, they differ in key aspects including the saliency of target and distractor responses, self-selection versus forced-choice formats, and the length of the item sets.</p><p><strong>Participants and methods: </strong>There were 1056 participants from the Emory Healthy Brain Study (EHBS; average MoCA = 26.8, SD = 2.4) and 223 movement disorder patients undergoing neuropsychological evaluation (average MoCA = 24.3, SD = 4.0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both recognition tasks differentiated between healthy and clinical groups; however, the Emory task demonstrated a larger effect size (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.02) compared to the M&L task (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.79). d-prime scoring of M&L recognition showed comparable group discrimination (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.81). Unidimensional two-parameter logistic item response theory analysis revealed that many M&L items had low discrimination values and extreme difficulty parameters, which contributed to the task's reduced sensitivity, particularly at lower cognitive proficiency levels relevant to clinical diagnosis. Dimensionality analyses indicated the influence of response sets as a potential contributor to poor item performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Emory CF Recognition task demonstrates superior psychometric properties and greater sensitivity to cognitive impairment compared to the M&L task. Its ability to more precisely measure lower levels of cognitive functioning, along with its brevity, suggests it may be more effective for diagnostic use, especially in clinical populations with cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive decline over 7 years in aging patients with childhood-onset epilepsy: A population-based prospective follow-up study.","authors":"Mira Karrasch, Bruce Hermann, Tove Roos, Juho Joutsa, Juha O Rinne, Riitta Parkkola, Petri Tiitta, Matti Sillanpää","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617725101021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The cognitive trajectory of aging individuals with childhood-onset epilepsy is poorly understood. Our aim was to examine cognitive change over a 7-year period in aging individuals with epilepsy, originally recruited for prospective follow up in the early 1960's.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>36 participants with childhood-onset epilepsy from a prospective population-based cohort and 39 controls participated in the 50-year and 57-year follow-up data collections. Eight participants had active epilepsy, 28 were in remission. Eleven neuropsychological tests were used to measure language/semantic function, episodic memory and learning, executive function, visuomotor function, and working memory. Regression-based standardized change scores were used to control for sources of error in test-retest assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with epilepsy lacked a test-retest effect in language functions. A significant decline was found in participants with active epilepsy in episodic memory functions overall, and in those with remitted epilepsy in learning, immediate recall and set-shifting. The risk of clinically significant general cognitive decline was higher in participants with active epilepsy (OR 61.25, 95% CI 5.92-633.81, <i>p</i> = .0006). Among those with remitted epilepsy the risk was lower and non-significant (OR 2.19, 95% CI 0.58-8.23, <i>p</i> = .24).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate poorer cognitive trajectories in participants with childhood-onset epilepsy compared to controls, particularly in those with active epilepsy. The risk of general cognitive decline was lower in participants with remitted epilepsy, but a decline in episodic memory functions was observed. Our findings likely reflect faster brain aging in childhood-onset epilepsy, even in individuals with early remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of chronic pain and opioid use is associated with cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Tyler R Bell, Jeremy A Elman, Daniel E Gustavson, Michael J Lyons, Christine Fennema-Notestine, McKenna E Williams, Matthew S Panizzon, Rahul C Pearce, Chandra A Reynolds, Mark Sanderson-Cimino, Rosemary Toomey, Amy Jak, Carol E Franz, William S Kremen","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101057","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617725101057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of chronic pain and opioid use on cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is unclear. We investigated these associations in early older adulthood, considering different definitions of chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA; <i>n</i> = 1,042) underwent cognitive testing and medical history interviews at average ages 56, 62, and 68. Chronic pain was defined using pain intensity and interference ratings from the SF-36 over 2 or 3 waves (categorized as mild versus moderate-to-severe). Opioid use was determined by self-reported medication use. Amnestic and non-amnestic MCI were assessed using the Jak-Bondi approach. Mixed models and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations of pain and opioid use with cognitive decline and risk for MCI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate-to-severe, but not mild, chronic pain intensity (<i>β</i> = -.10) and interference (<i>β</i> = -.23) were associated with greater declines in executive function. Moderate-to-severe chronic pain intensity (<i>HR</i> = 1.75) and interference (<i>HR</i> = 3.31) were associated with a higher risk of non-amnestic MCI. Opioid use was associated with a faster decline in verbal fluency (<i>β</i> = -.18) and a higher risk of amnestic MCI (<i>HR</i> = 1.99). There were no significant interactions between chronic pain and opioid use on cognitive decline or MCI risk (all <i>p</i>-values > .05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Moderate-to-severe chronic pain intensity and interference related to executive function decline and greater risk of non-amnestic MCI; while opioid use related to verbal fluency decline and greater risk of amnestic MCI. Lowering chronic pain severity while reducing opioid exposure may help clinicians mitigate later cognitive decline and dementia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) scale in CCAS patients and cerebellar controls.","authors":"Stacha F I Reumers, Roderick P P W M Maas, Veerle J M van den Brandt, Lotte A H Kocken, Iris M Wiegand, Frank-Erik de Leeuw, Dennis J L G Schutter, Bart P C van de Warrenburg, Roy P C Kessels","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617725101033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) scale has been developed to screen for possible cognitive and affective impairments in cerebellar patients, but previous studies stressed concerns regarding insufficient specificity of the scale. Also, direct comparisons of CCAS scale performance between cerebellar patients with and without CCAS are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the CCAS scale in cerebellar patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this study, cerebellar patients with CCAS (<i>n</i> = 49), without CCAS (<i>n</i> = 30), and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 32) were included. The Dutch/Flemish version of the CCAS scale was evaluated in terms of validity and reliability using an extensive neuropsychological assessment as the gold standard for CCAS. Correlations were examined between the CCAS scale and possible confounding factors. Additionally, a correction for dysarthria was applied to timed neuropsychological tests to explore the influence of dysarthria on test outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cerebellar patients with CCAS performed significantly worse on the CCAS scale compared to cerebellar controls. Sensitivity was acceptable, but specificity was insufficient due to high false-positive rates. Correlations were found between outcomes of the scale and both education and age. Although dysarthria did not affect the validity of the CCAS scale, it may influence timed neuropsychological test outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evaluation of the CCAS scale revealed insufficient specificity. Our findings call for age- and education-dependent reference values, which may improve the validity and usability of the scale. Dysarthria might be a confounding factor in timed test items and should be considered to prevent misclassification.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unequal neighborhoods, unequal skills: Adaptive functioning and access to community resources.","authors":"Allison E Gornik, Christina E Love, Alison E Pritchard, Rebecca W Lieb, Lisa A Jacobson, Rowena Ng, Rachel K Peterson, Luther G Kalb","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617725101070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the relationship between children's adaptive functioning and neighborhood resources - such as school quality, access to healthy food, green spaces, and housing quality - using a large, diverse clinical outpatient sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Pediatric outpatients (N = 6,942; age M = 10.44 years; 67.0% male; 50.3% White; 33.9% Medicaid), aged 1-18, who underwent neuropsychological or psychological evaluation were included if their caregiver completed the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, 3rd Edition (ABAS-3) and had a nationally normed Child Opportunity Index (COI) score, a composite measure of 29 geo-coded neighborhood characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children from higher-opportunity neighborhoods demonstrated significantly stronger adaptive functioning across conceptual, social, and practical domains. Those in the top 40% of neighborhood advantage exhibited stronger adaptive skills than those in the bottom 60%. Neighborhood resources and family financial resources were associated with greater adaptive skills beyond child age, sex, and racial/ethnic background.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neighborhood resources are linked to children's adaptive functioning, possibly due to increased opportunities to practice these skills in safer, more supportive environments. These findings emphasize the importance of considering environmental factors in assessing adaptive skills and highlight the need for public health investments and legislation related to community resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal initiation, selection, strategy, and inhibition in stroke: A brief executive function screening tool.","authors":"Mia R Phillips, Jessica Byrne, Casey Gilbert, Lucy Ford, Gail A Robinson","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617725101112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Executive dysfunction is prevalent in early stroke and can predict long-term outcomes. Impairments can be subtle and undetected in cognitive stroke screens. To better assess executive functions, this study introduced a novel sentence completion test, which assesses multiple executive processes in <5 minutes (Brief Executive Language Screen - Sentence Completion; BELS-SC). The aim was to determine construct, convergent and divergent validity, sensitivity and specificity of the BELS-SC, and to explore differences between left and right hemisphere stroke patients (LHS and RHS, respectively) on the BELS-SC and standard executive function tests.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighty-eight acute/early sub-acute stroke patients and 116 age-matched healthy controls were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Principal Component Analysis (PCA) suggested four to five factors of the BELS-SC: Initiation, Selection, Inhibition (with strategy loading on Inhibition), Inhibition Response Time, and Semantic Retrieval Response Time. The BELS-SC had good sensitivity (.84) but poorer specificity (.66) differentiating controls and stroke, and good sensitivity (.83) and specificity (.80) differentiating executive function impaired versus executive function intact groups. BELS-SC Initiation and Inhibition subtests demonstrated convergent and divergent validity with corresponding Hayling subtests. LHS and RHS showed impairment across initiation, selection, inhibition and strategy; however, greatest deficits were shown by RHS on Inhibition items requiring suppression of one dominant response. More patients were impaired on BELS-SC than other executive function tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BELS-SC demonstrated convergent, divergent, and construct validity, good sensitivity and specificity, taps multiple executive processes, and provides insight into strategy. Use in early stroke may aid in targeted and timely cognitive rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}