Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society最新文献

{"title":"Comparing and linking the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort","authors":"Mark A. Dubbelman, Marleen van de Beek, Aniek M. van Gils, Anna E. Leeuwis, Annelies E. van der Vlies, Yolande A.L. Pijnenburg, Rudolf Ponds, Sietske A.M. Sikkes, Wiesje M. van der Flier","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000341","url":null,"abstract":"<span>Objectives:</span><p>We aimed to compare and link the total scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), two common global cognitive screeners.</p><span>Methods:</span><p>2,325 memory clinic patients (63.2 ± 8.6 years; 43% female) with a variety of diagnoses, including subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia due to various etiologies completed the MMSE and MoCA concurrently. We described both screeners, including at the item level. Then, using linear regressions, we investigated how age, sex, education, and diagnosis affected total scores on both instruments. Next, in linear mixed models, we treated the two screeners as repeated measures and analyzed the influence of these characteristics on the relationship between the instruments’ total scores. Finally, we linked total scores using equipercentile equating, accounting for relevant patient characteristics.</p><span>Results:</span><p>MMSE scores (mean ± standard deviation: 25.0 ± 4.6) were higher than MoCA scores (21.2 ± 5.4), and MMSE items generally showed less variation than MoCA items. Both instruments’ scores were individually influenced by age, sex, education, and diagnosis. The relationship between the screeners was moderated by age (estimate = −0.01, 95% confidence interval = [−0.03, −0.00]), education (0.14 [0.10, 0.18]), and diagnosis. These were accounted for when producing crosswalk tables based on equipercentile equating.</p><span>Conclusions:</span><p>Accounting for the influence of patient characteristics, we created crosswalk tables to convert MMSE scores to MoCA scores, and vice versa. These tables may facilitate collaboration between clinicians and researchers and could allow larger, pooled analyses of global cognitive functioning in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of brief screening measures during neuropsychological consultation for pediatric onset multiple sclerosis","authors":"Ashley Nguyen-Martinez, Brooke Weigand, Kelly Wolfe, Ryan Kammeyer, Teri Schreiner, Christa Hutaff-Lee","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000419","url":null,"abstract":"<span>Objective:</span><p>Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) accounts for approximately 2 to 5% of all individuals with MS and is associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment. In recent years, neuropsychological screening questionnaires have been increasingly utilized for pediatric populations in multidisciplinary settings. This study examines the clinical utility of the Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ) and Pediatric Perceived Cognitive Functioning (Peds PCF) screening measures for identifying cognitive impairment in persons with POMS during a target neuropsychological evaluation.</p><span>Method:</span><p>Retrospective data was gathered from electronic medical records at a single pediatric hospital.</p><span>Results:</span><p>Forty-nine participants were included (69% female; 43% Hispanic/Latinx; mean age = 16.1 years old, range = 9.9 to 20.6 years old). Correlation analyses demonstrated strong interrelatedness between caregiver ratings on screening measures and performance on traditional neuropsychological measures. Effect sizes were medium across comparisons (CLDQ: Spearman’s rho = −.321 to −.563; PedsPCF: Spearman’s rho = .308 to .444). Exploratory cut-points using receiver operating characteristic analysis and Youden indices are also discussed.</p><span>Conclusions:</span><p>Comparison of scores across caregiver rating questionnaires and on a targeted neuropsychological battery suggests that the screening surveys alone may not be sensitive enough to identify children with cognitive impairments, but ratings may provide qualitatively meaningful information along with neuropsychological testing. This study illustrates how pediatric neuropsychologists can leverage screening tools to focus consultative interviews and effectively triage referrals for evaluation within an academic medical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prediction limits of the National Adult Reading Test and its abbreviated and international variants","authors":"Ian van der Linde, Peter Bright","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000420","url":null,"abstract":"<span>Objective:</span><p>Premorbid tests estimate cognitive ability prior to neurological condition onset or brain injury. Tests requiring oral pronunciation of visually presented irregular words, such as the National Adult Reading Test (NART), are commonly used due to robust evidence that word familiarity is well-preserved across a range of neurological conditions and correlates highly with intelligence. Our aim is to examine the prediction limits of NART variants to assess their ability to accurately estimate premorbid IQ.</p><span>Method:</span><p>We examine the prediction limits of 13 NART variants, calculate which IQ classification system categories are reachable in principle, and consider the proportion of the adult population in the target country falling outside the predictable range.</p><span>Results:</span><p>Many NART variants cannot reach higher or lower IQ categories due to floor/ceiling effects and inherent limitations of linear regression (used to convert scores to predicted IQ), restricting clinical accuracy in evaluating premorbid ability (and thus the magnitude of impairment). For some variants this represents a sizeable proportion of the target population.</p><span>Conclusions:</span><p>Since both higher and lower IQ categories are unreachable in principle, we suggest that future NART variants consider polynomial or broken-stick fitting (or similar methods) and suggest that prediction limits should be routinely reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allostatic load and cognitive recall among young adults: Racial, ethnic, and sex-specific variations","authors":"Elizabeth Evans, Molly Jacobs, Charles Ellis","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000298","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: While factors such as age and education have been associated with persistent differences in functional cognitive decline, they do not fully explain observed variations particularly those between different racial/ethnic and sex groups. The aim of this study was to explore the association between allostatic load (AL) and cognition in a racially diverse cohort of young adults. Methods: Utilizing Wave V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health – a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of adults aged 34–44, this study utilized primary data from 10 immune, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers to derive an AL Index. Cognition was previously recorded through word and number recall scores. Regression analysis evaluated the association between cognitive recall, AL, age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results: Regression results indicated statistically higher AL scores among Blacks (IRR = 1.09, CI = 1.01, 1.19) compared to Whites and lower AL score among females compared to males (IRR = 0.76, CI = 0.72, 0.81). At zero AL, Blacks (IRR = 1.2399, CI = 1.2398, 1.24) and Other races (IRR = 1.4523, CI = 1.452, 1.4525) had higher recall while Hispanics (IRR = 0.808, CI = 0.8079, 0.8081) had lower recall compared to Whites. Relative to males, females had higher number recall (IRR = 1.1976, CI = 1.1976, 1.1977). However, at higher, positive levels of AL, Blacks (IRR = 0.9554, CI = 0.9553, 0.9554), Other races (IRR = 0.9479, CI = 0.9479, 0.9479) and females (IRR = 0.9655, CI = 0.9655, 0.9655) had significantly lower number recall than Whites and males respectively. Conclusions: Race and sex differences were observed in recall at different levels of AL. Findings demonstrate the need for further exploration of cognition in young adults across diverse populations that includes examination of AL.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social cognition and healthy aging: Cross-sectional associations of emotion perception, theory of mind, and emotional empathy","authors":"Amy Jarvis, Stephanie Wong, Michael Weightman, Hannah Keage","doi":"10.1017/s135561772400033x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s135561772400033x","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Older adults are identified to have reduced social cognitive performance compared to younger adults. However, few studies have examined age-associations throughout later life to determine whether these reductions continue with advancing age. Method: This study assesses cross-sectional associations of emotion perception, cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM), and emotional empathy in a healthy sample of 157 adults aged 50–89 years (<jats:italic>M</jats:italic> = 65.31, <jats:italic>SD</jats:italic> = 9.00, 68% female sex). Emotion perception, cognitive ToM, and affective ToM were measured using The Awareness of Social Inference Test Short Form (TASIT-S), while affective ToM was also measured using Reading the Mind in the Eyes Revised (RME-R). Emotional empathy was measured using the Empathy Quotient. Results: Multiple regression analyses, adjusting for multiple comparisons, revealed a moderate negative association between age and emotion perception for all emotions combined, as well as for sad and revolted expressions, but not happy, neutral, anxious, or angry expressions. Age had a negative, moderate association with first-order cognitive, second-order cognitive, and affective ToM measured using TASIT-S, but not RME-R. Age was not significantly associated with emotional empathy. Conclusions: This study contributes to the limited understanding of age-related associations of social cognitive performance throughout later life. This knowledge can inform future research examining the clinical utility of including social cognitive measures in neuropsychological screening and diagnostic tools for later-life neurological disorders.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coping patterns associations with cognitive function in older adults","authors":"Rebecca K. MacAulay, Morgan Tallman, Taylor R. Maynard, Holly Timblin","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000377","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Cognitive function may contribute to variability in older adults’ ability to cope with chronic stress; however, limited research has evaluated this relationship. This study investigated the relationship between theoretically derived coping domains and cognitive function in 165 middle-to-older adults during the Omicron stage of COVID-19. Method: Participants completed a clinical interview and self-report measures of health. The National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set neuropsychological battery was used to evaluate memory, language, executive function/speed, and working memory. Structural equation modeling evaluated the underlying factor structure of the Brief COPE adapted for COVID-19. Results: The data supported the proposed second-order Approach factor comprised of Problem-Solving and Emotion Regulation (ER) strategies and a first-order Avoidance factor. Higher Avoidance was associated with greater depression symptoms, lower income and worse memory, executive function, working memory, and verbal fluency performance. Higher Problem-Solving was associated with better verbal fluency performance. ER strategies were not significantly associated with cognitive function. The use of Problem-Solving was not associated with less Avoidance. Greater use of Problem-Solving, ER, and Avoidance were all associated with higher levels of stress. Post-hoc analyses found that higher Acceptance was the only coping strategy associated with less stress. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that older adults with worse cognitive function were more likely to use Avoidance during the pandemic, which could result in prolonged stress and adverse health consequences. Future research is warranted to investigate whether acceptance-based interventions reduce the avoidance and impact of stress on health in vulnerable older adults.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive reserve as residual variance in cognitive performance: Latent dimensionality, correlates, and dementia prediction","authors":"Stephen R. Aichele","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000353","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Cognitive reserve (CR) is typically operationalized as episodic memory residualized on brain health indices. The dimensionality of more generalized models of CR has rarely been examined. Methods: In a sample of <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 113 dementia-free older adults (ages 62–86 years at MRI scan; 58.4% women), the domain-specific representation of general cognition (COG) before vs. after residualization on brain indices (brain volume loss, cerebral blood flow, white matter hyperintensities) was compared (i.e., COG vs. CR). COG and CR were assessed by 15 tasks spanning five domains: processing speed, verbal memory, visuospatial memory, fluid reasoning, and vocabulary. Measurement invariance and item-construct representation were tested in a series of structural factor analyses. COG and CR were then examined in relation to 22 risk and protective factors and dementia status at time of death. Results: Item-factor loadings differed such that CR more strongly emphasized fluid reasoning. More years of education, higher occupational class, more hobbies/interests, and fewer difficulties with personal mobility similarly predicted better COG and CR. Only the sub-domain of visuospatial memory (both before and after residualization) was associated with conversion to dementia by end-of-life (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −.30; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .01). Conclusions: Results provide tentative support for the role of fluid reasoning (intelligence) as a potential compensatory factor for age- and/or neuropathology-related reductions in processing speed and memory. Intellectually stimulating work, efforts to preserve personal mobility, and a diversity of hobbies and interests may attenuate age- and/or pathology-related reductions in cognitive functioning prior to dementia onset.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological application of the International Test Commission Guidelines for Translation and Adapting of Tests","authors":"Christopher Minh Nguyen, Shathani Rampa, Mathew Staios, T. Rune Nielsen, Busisiwe Zapparoli, Xinyi Emily Zhou, Lingani Mbakile-Mahlanza, Juliet Colon, Alexandra Hammond, Marc Hendriks, Tumelo Kgolo, Yesenia Serrano, María J. Marquine, Aparna Dutt, Jonathan Evans, Tedd Judd","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000286","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The number of test translations and adaptations has risen exponentially over the last two decades, and these processes are now becoming a common practice. The International Test Commission (ITC) Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second Edition, 2017) offer principles and practices to ensure the quality of translated and adapted tests. However, they are not specific to the cognitive processes examined with clinical neuropsychological measures. The aim of this publication is to provide a specialized set of recommendations for guiding neuropsychological test translation and adaptation procedures. Methods: The International Neuropsychological Society’s Cultural Neuropsychology Special Interest Group established a working group tasked with extending the ITC guidelines to offer specialized recommendations for translating/adapting neuropsychological tests. The neuropsychological application of the ITC guidelines was formulated by authors representing over ten nations, drawing upon literature concerning neuropsychological test translation, adaptation, and development, as well as their own expertise and consulting colleagues experienced in this field. Results: A summary of neuropsychological-specific commentary regarding the ITC test translation and adaptation guidelines is presented. Additionally, examples of applying these recommendations across a broad range of criteria are provided to aid test developers in attaining valid and reliable outcomes. Conclusions: Establishing specific neuropsychological test translation and adaptation guidelines is critical to ensure that such processes produce reliable and valid psychometric measures. Given the rapid global growth experienced in neuropsychology over the last two decades, the recommendations may assist researchers and practitioners in carrying out such endeavors.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment among Black and White community-dwelling older adults using NIH Toolbox Cognition tablet battery","authors":"Taylor Rigby, Allyson M. Gregoire, Johnathan Reader, Yonatan Kahsay, Jordan Fisher, Anson Kairys, Arijit K. Bhaumik, Annalise Rahman-Filipiak, Amanda Cook Maher, Benjamin M. Hampstead, Judith L. Heidebrink, Voyko Kavcic, Bruno Giordani","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000213","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Identify which NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) subtest(s) best differentiate healthy controls (HC) from those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and compare the discriminant accuracy between a model using a priori “Norm Adjusted” scores versus “Unadjusted” standard scores with age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education controlled for within the model. Racial differences were also examined. Methods: Participants were Black/African American (B/AA) and White consensus-confirmed (HC = 96; aMCI = 62) adults 60–85 years old that completed the NIHTB-CB for tablet. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used in the Total Sample and separately for B/AA (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 80) and White participants (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 78). Results: Picture Sequence Memory (an episodic memory task) was the highest loading coefficient across all DFA models. When stratified by race, differences were noted in the pattern of the highest loading coefficients within the DFAs. However, the overall discriminant accuracy of the DFA models in identifying HCs and those with aMCI did not differ significantly by race (B/AA, White) or model/score type (Norm Adjusted versus Unadjusted). Conclusions: Racial differences were noted despite the use of normalized scores or demographic covariates—highlighting the importance of including underrepresented groups in research. While the models were fairly accurate at identifying consensus-confirmed HCs, the models proved less accurate at identifying White participants with an aMCI diagnosis. In clinical settings, further work is needed to optimize computerized batteries and the use of NIHTB-CB norm adjusted scores is recommended. In research settings, demographically corrected scores or within model correction is suggested.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety in late-life depression is associated with poorer performance across multiple cognitive domains","authors":"Maria Kryza-Lacombe, Michelle T. Kassel, Philip S. Insel, Emma Rhodes, David Bickford, Emily Burns, Meryl A. Butters, Duygu Tosun, Paul Aisen, Rema Raman, Andrew J. Saykin, Arthur W. Toga, Clifford R. Jack, Michael W. Weiner, Craig Nelson, R. Scott Mackin","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000262","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Anxiety is a common comorbid feature of late-life depression (LLD) and is associated with poorer global cognitive functioning independent of depression severity. However, little is known about whether comorbid anxiety is associated with a domain-specific pattern of cognitive dysfunction. We therefore examined group differences (LLD with and without comorbid anxiety) in cognitive functioning performance across multiple domains. Method: Older adults with major depressive disorder (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 228, ages 65–91) were evaluated for anxiety and depression severity, and cognitive functioning (learning, memory, language, processing speed, executive functioning, working memory, and visuospatial functioning). Ordinary least squares regression adjusting for age, sex, education, and concurrent depression severity examined anxiety group differences in performance on tests of cognitive functioning. Results: Significant group differences emerged for confrontation naming and visuospatial functioning, as well as for verbal fluency, working memory, and inhibition with lower performance for LLD with comorbid anxiety compared to LLD only, controlling for depression severity. Conclusions: Performance patterns identified among older adults with LLD and comorbid anxiety resemble neuropsychological profiles typically seen in neurodegenerative diseases of aging. These findings have potential implications for etiological considerations in the interpretation of neuropsychological profiles.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}